四级英语考试作文高分技巧讲义

1、四级考试作文高分技巧大学四级考试写作的评分依据是：文章切切题，条理清楚，语言准确和字数符合要求。所谓切题就是看你写的作文跑不跑题。所谓条理是每一段的议论的正反清楚，描述的时间正确。语言准确要求作文的语法词汇使用正确，符合英语表达习惯。四级作文的字数要求不少于100字。针对四级考试的作文要求我们提岀十二句作文法，这里所说的十二句作文法不仅包括一般英文写作的方法而且包括一套行之有效的写作方法。它的具体内容有以下几点。一审题我们拿到作文后第一件要做的事就是审题。审题的作用在于使你写作不跑题（如果跑题，条理和语言再好，也得不到及格分，甚至0分。）那末审题要审什么呢？1 体裁（议论文，说明文，描述文）审

2、题就是要审作文的题材和体裁。 因为什末样的体裁就会用什末样的题材去写。那末体裁包括那些呢？它包括议论文，说明文和描述文。从近些年看，四级作文不是单一的体裁， 而是几种体裁的杂合体。例如：Directi ons:For thispart ,your areallowed30 minutestowrite acomposition on the topicTryi ngto Be A GoodUn iversityStudent .Youshouldwrite at least 100 wordsand youshould baseyour compositi onontheoutli ne(gi

3、ve ninChinese ） below做合格大学生的必要性做合格大学生的必备条件（可以从德智体方面谈）我计划这样做很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。这是片面的，因为， 第一段要求写 “必要性”这说明本段体裁是议论文；第二段要求写“必备条件”这说明本段要求写说明文； 儿地三段要求写 这样做”这说明本段要求写描述文。所以在大多数情形下，四级作文是三种体裁的杂合体2 根据不同体裁确定写作方法通过审题，我们可以看岀四级作文地三段为描述体。 而各种文体又不同例如上面第一段的思路是：做合我们审题的目的就是根据不同体裁确定不同的写作方法。大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体，第二段为说明体，的写作方式：议论

4、文；要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两方面来论述 格大学生，会怎末样（这是从正面论述）；不能做合格的大学生，会怎么样（从反面论述）；所 以我们要做合格的大学生（结伦）说明文：可以从几方面或几条来说明一个问题，就上作文而言，可以从方面（德智体）来说 明合格大学生的必要性。描述文：一 人为中心描述一个做的过程。与上两段相比，本段的主语多为人称代词，他要与第二段相互应进行描述。二确定主题句通过审题，我们知道该如何确定正确的写作思路。下边我们就谈如何些。第一部就是要写主题句。主题句是确保不跑题的前提，只有不跑题才有可得及格分。写主题句嘴保险的方法就是把中文提纲的各句译成英语。例如上述三段主题句分别为：I

5、t is very necessary to be a good universitystudent .（议论体的主题句）There are severalrespectsof necessities to be a good university student .（说明体的主题句）What I will do in the future is the following .（描述体主题句）如果要求句是英语就可以把它变成主题句，例如这样一篇作文:Good HealthImportaneeof good healthWays to keep fitMy own practice这样的作文的要求

6、句就可以扩充成主题句。扩充后三段的主题句分别为：It is very importantto have good health .（将名词 importanee 变成形容词 important）There are four ways to keep fit for me . （用 there be 句型）My own practices are the following . （采用原词）n主题句又称主旨句或关键句，是一个段落中最重要的句子，是段落的 纲”说明段落的中心思想和作者的写作目的，是段落发展的依据。n段落的每句话都应紧密地联系主题句所表达的中心内容。n写好主题句是文章成功的关键。n

7、（common practice of scoring in CET-4）主题句的构成n Topic sentence = a topic + a controlling idea about the topicn 主题句=主题+中心思想n主题：段落所谈的话题，问题n中心思想：限定话题的范围，确定话题的发展方向。整个段落都以这个中心思想为依据，围绕它进行。中心思想用关键词（key words） 来表达。Examples:pleaseide ntifythetwo partsn Developing private cars in China has many positive aspects.

8、n Keeping pets is beneficial to people in several aspects.effects.n Smoking results in a series of negativeto success.n The following factors contributen The reasons why bicyclesare so popular in China lie as follows.主题句位于段首n开门见山，点岀主题。n There are many ways through which we can improve our English. A

9、bove all,we should read as many English books, newspapers and magazines as possible. Next, we may listen to English programs on the radio or watch English proevery opportunimportant to fgrams on TV every day. Besides,_ it is necessary for us to seize ity to speak English both in and after class. Fin

10、ally, it is equally orm the habit of taking notes and keeping a diary in English. 主题句的写法：如何写好n主题句应尽量清晰明了，简练，用词准确，力求用一句话清楚地表达该段的中心。n Environmental n Environmental ttention.pollution is important.pollution is an importantproblem that deservesour special an The moreI read, the morehungryn The moreI rea

11、d, the morehungry主题句的写作技巧n 表示人的名词或代词主语的句子I feel.I feel for knowledge.(1)n College studentsshouldtake part in social practiceand get to know the world.Peopletake part in recreationalactivities because of several reasons.We benefita lot from doingpart time jobs.n Young people today are badly influence

12、d by TV.主题句的写作技巧（2）n 表示物的名词做主语的句子 n Information plays an indispensable role in modern life. n Diligence is a key factor to success.n Sports benefit people in many ways.n Recreational activities fall into two major types.主题句的写作技巧（3 ）n用动名词短语来表达主题，做主语。nOwning a private car is very convenient.nKeeping p

13、ets can lead to some problems.nStudying abroad benefits students in many aspects.主题句的写作技巧（4 ）areseveralreasonswhy weshoulddeveloptheindustryofprivatecaareinnumerableadvantagesof keepingpets.arediversesolutionsto thehousingprobleminbig cities.areeffectivemeasuresthatwe canadopt todealwith theissue of

14、risn用“There +be +名词句型来写主题句。n There rs.n There n There n Thereing crime rate.主题句的写作技巧（5 ）n用 It is + Adj.+forsb. todo sth.句型nIt is beneficialforcollegestudentsto take part in various social activities.nItisnecessaryfor us togetto knowaboutthesociety.nItisdesirable/advisableforyoungpeopleto goabroadto

15、studyStudytheTopicSenten cesnOwningacar can bevery costly.n Travelingby air is moreconvenientthantravelingby train.n Computersplaya varietyof roles in ourlife.n College studentsdream of going abroadto study mainly on accountollowingthree reasons.n Readingplaysan importantrole in languagelearning.of

16、the fn In choosing a career, studentsshould consider various factors.三确保文章条理清楚保证不跑提示写作当中第一任务，第二个重要任务就是要做到条理清楚。对于议论文来说， 正反面要清楚，对于说明文来说条理要清楚，对于描述文来说，谁干什么要清楚。就拿上例Good health来说，第一段保持正反面要清楚救应这样写：正面(With good health ,we can)，反面( Without good health,we can do nothing .We can do.)为了使文章更具有条理性，我们可以用 first(ly)

17、 seco nd(ly)third(ly) 等副词，他们可以是文章的条例性更加突岀。作文是主观题，想得告分就必须引起老师的主意，老师的时间很短(每篇作文只有一两分钟就要阅完)，所以我们在列调试最好不用：To be with,. after that ,then， The next , . The following , . As last .。因为用这样的词语不利于老师 看出你作文的条理性。四保证作文符合字数要求的十二句作文法考生一般都希望作文达到字数而又不至于写得太多，因为写得太多一方面暴露自己语言上的弱点，另一方面又会占用过多的时间。写得太多还易跑题，一个有效的方法就是十二句作文法。即主题

18、句加120-1我们知道，四级作文都是三段式。我们算一下，如果我们在每一段中写上四句，两三句扩展句和一个结论句就可以了。这样全篇在十二句左右，每一句十多个词，就又50个字。大家可以试图找一些作文题练一练。文章的结构n 一个完整的段落包括三部分：主题句，推展句和结论句。n 一篇完整的四级作文包括三部分：引言，正文和结论。又称：三段论。n 因此，可以说，文章是段落的扩展，段落是文章的压缩。文章的结构 十二句作文法n 具体地说，四级作文实际是一个十二句话短文（十二句作文法）n 引言段三句或四句话：开头句 +主题句（中心思想句+承上启下的组织句）n 正文段四或五句话：主题句 +三个扩（推）展句n 结论段

19、四句或三句话：主题句 +扩（推）展句+结论句Examplen Losing Weightn1）减肥已成为时尚。n2）人们热衷于减肥的原因。n3）减肥的有效方法。n1) 2 sentencesn2)4 sentencesn3)4 sentencesLos ingWeightn Nowadays,many peopleare very much worriedaboutbeing overweight.2)And people,the young andwomenin particular,are tryingvarious ways tolose weight.n3)Thereare manyr

20、easons whymore and more people are concernedabout losingweight.4)Tobeginwith,they areall aware ofthe danger of being overweight,whichmayleadto manydiseasessuch as hyper-tension,diabetesand heartattacks.5)Secondly,more! peoplehave becomeconcernedabout their shapeand theywanttoappearenergeticand young

21、.6)What s more, losingweightcan helpthemfeelmentallyhealthierand buildup their self-esteem.n7)Therearediffere ntmeans throughwhich people can achieve theirgoaloflosing weight.8)Firstof all, some ofthe people who want toremovetheirfateat lessoreat nothing.9)Besides,they take weight-reducingdrugs.10)B

22、utthe mosteffectiveandhealthywayto lose weightis to takeproperexercises.文章开头写作的两点原则n 要紧扣文章标题，即开头点题。n 要能顺利地引岀下文，和下文（文章中间部分一一正文）的内容相联系，引发读者兴趣，使人想读下去。引言段的常用写作方法n 提问式n引用名言谚语法n 话题式/现象法1. 提问式n以提问开头，激发读者兴趣，可自问自答，自然而然地引岀下文。n What is essential for happiness? Our world is a big world, complex and ful l of man

23、y diverse people. So different people may have different opinions. In my opinion, happiness lies in the service that you give other people.此种开头段的构成n 这种开头段的构成方法如下：n 问题+答案（过渡句+提供答案的进一步论述）+中心思想句常用句型，常见写法n What is ？Have you ever ？nHave you ever taken a part-time job? What are the advantages of college s

24、tudents doing part -time jobs? As to this questions, different students may hold totally differentideasSome st uden tstakethepositionthat it isbeneficialfora collegestudenttodo atemporaryjob.Theyhavethe followingreasonsOn the con trarytherearestill otherswhodisapproveof studentstakingpart-time jobs.

25、Theyhavetheirown reasons againstit.2. 引用名言谚语法n 引用名人名言或谚语，俗语等，这些语句常具有权威性或为大家所公认，引用在文章中有一定的说 服力。(CnOf alltreasures” ,saysan ancientsaint,“ knowledgeis themostprecious,for itcanneitherbestolen,given away, nor consumed, ”Fromthat,we can see thegreatimportanceofeducation.n Shakespearesaid:One who is unha

26、ppycan never geta beneficialresult.That is tosay, happinessis very importantinour life.n FrancisBacon oncesaid,Some booksareto be tasted,others tobe swallowed, andsome few tobe chewed anddigested.Perhapsthis is thebest ad vice on howto read.此种开头段的构成n引用的谚语或名言+意义+主题（中心思想）n There is an old English sayi

27、ng whichgoesNo pains,no gains.Itillustrates the importanceof hard work in theprocessof success.In otherwords, digence is a key factor to success.话题式/现象法n With the rapid developmentof society/modernlife/scienceandtechnology/people s living standard,an increasingnumberof people havebecome awareof the

28、importanceofn Recently,the issueofhas becomeincreasinglycontroversial.n Nowa days, a largenumber of studentshavebecome concernedabout分析下列开头段落的写法isetShoulda veryWhatme tellcollege studentscontroversialdo you usuallyyou somethingtime. Stamp collectingtopicdokeep part-timeand itin yourabout myis my fav

29、oritejobswhilethey are in school? Thisbringsaboutmanyheateddiscussions.sparetime?Whatis yourfavoritehobby? Lhobby.hobby.I liketo collect stamps in my freeAll work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. is a popular saying in English. There is much truth in this old saying. It means that in order to keep

30、 us in good health, we must take sufficient recreation.文章结尾的写法文章的结尾n常言道：编筐编篓，全在收口 ”。一篇优秀的文章其结构和气势应为：虎头，牛身，豹尾。”n我们的考生四级考试时所写的文章往往由于时间紧张而虎头，蛇尾”。n其实，文章结尾的好坏也在很大程度上影响文章的global impression.文章结尾的作用n 1.归纳总结概括全文，得岀结论。n All in all , traveling on one s own has both advantages and disadvantages.n 2.突岀主要论点，重申强化主

31、题（中心）。nIn a word,my life oncampusis really colorful andmeaningful.n 3.表达自己观点，阐述立场。nAs for me,I take thepositionthat atest ofspokenEnglishis extremely necessary and it should be included in CET.文章结尾的常用写作方法n重申主题句法n总结（结论）法n发表个人看法，总结全文n反问结尾法n引言结论法n提倡议号召（喊口号）法重申主题句法n In_conclusion,nothing is_more valuabl

32、e than health In good health, we can absorb knowledge more readily. In good health we can achieve more success and make more contributionto our country.necessary for good health but intellectualrecreationprovides the most pleasun弓1言段Whenevaluatinga jobnapplicant,most companieswould placemuch weighto

33、none s educationalcertificate.Of course, one s educationor one s educationalcertificatedoes tellsomethingabout the applicant.However,it is not theonlymeansthroughwhich we canjudge whethertheapplicantisqualifiedornot.常用句型表达nInconclusionnToconcludenInallnAllthings considerednToconclude,nosuccess can b

34、e achieved without laboring. Success is simply the fruit of hard work.n In all, our school lifeis really interesting and colorful.总结（结论）法nIn_short,the_advantagesof_travelingoutnumberthe_disadvantages. Therefore, let go traveling when we have the time and enjoy the beautiful scenery and broaden our h

35、orizon.常用句型nTosumup, the advantagesof -far outnumber/outweighthe di sadvantages.nAllthingsconsidered,thebenefitsof aremore than theproblems.nHavingtaken all thefactorsintoconsideration,we can seethat doing something.doesmore goodthanharmto somebody.发表个人看法，总结全文useful to those who live in retirement.a

36、ren In my opinion, the balance of these two kinds of activities might be more In other words, physical activitiesre.常用句型nIn my opinionnPersonally,I think/believenI take thepositionthatnI hold/taketheattitudethatnAs far as IamconcernednWere it lefttometo decide引言结论法n True friendshipcannot be boughtwi

37、th money.The proverb“ A friendin need is a friend indeed” is reallytrue.反问结尾法nDon t you thinkit is high timethat we tookeffectiveactions to fightagainstfake commoditiesinthe market?nDon t y ou agreewithmy ideathat atestoforal English shouldbeincludedin CET-4 and 6?常用句型nDon t you thinkit isnecessaryf

38、or usto?nDon t you thinkit ishigh/abouttimethatwedid sth.?nDon t you agreewithmy idea/opinionthat?提倡议号召（喊口号）法nLet sjoinin our effortsto fightagainstthe fakecommoditiesandprotecttheinterestsof our peopleand ournation.nLet sspareno effortsto protectour environmentfrom beingfurtherdamagedand saveour pl

39、anet.常用句型nLet sjoinin the efforts to donLet sspareno effortsto donLet stakeeffectivemeasurestodonLet stakeimmediateactionstodonLet stakepracticalsteps todoAn alyzethefollowi ngparagraphsnIn my opinion,what reallycounts is not failureitself,but whatwe think of the failureand whatwe doafterthe failure

40、.Solong aswe don t give up, and believeinourselves,and inthemeantimelearnsomething.Fromfailure,wewill certainlymakeour marksinthe end. So I ami neverafraid offailure,forI believe thatfailureis not abadthing,“ failure isthe mother of success. ”nPollutioncan bereduced.Butit can only be reducedifpeople

41、everywherereallyaddressthe situationand makea continuingand intensiveefforttoreducethe quantityofpollutantemissionsinto the air.Talkingaboutit isnotenough.Positiveactionwill have to betaken.n Therefore,thereis nothingwrongwith the media.Comicbookscanbebador good. It is a question how they are used.四

42、六级考试写作检查四六级考试时间紧张，匆匆完稿之后，疏漏在所难免，因而有必要复查，修改，及时纠正偏差,堵塞漏洞，从而将作文质量再提高一步。检查主要针对四个重点部位：1）是否切题它又分三个层面： 一是整篇文章内容是否切合文章标题要求；二是段落主题句的内容是否与各段落提示句内容相一致；三是段落内部的内容是否与段落主题句的表达相-致。如果发现任何一个层面不切题，应尽可能弥补，删除那些多余的或不切题的地方；增添残缺的、语义表达不足 的地方。由于时间所限，删的内容一定要精，要切中要害，切忌动大手术”。2）是否连贯检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否自然流畅，检验的标准主要是句子是否通顺，该用连接词的地方用了没

43、有，以及所用的连接词是否合适。3）是否有语法错误主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯。为避免不必要的语法错误，对把握性不大的词组、句型绝不要用。而应使用那些自己熟悉的词组、句型来表达相同或相近的意思。4）是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误在这些细枝末节上，谨慎细心地处理，无疑会进一步提高文章的整体质量。在检查、改错的过程中，切忌乱涂乱抹。保持卷面清洁，无疑会给阅卷者留下好印象。另外，在上述几个写作关键步骤中，时间的分配大致应该为：审题、拟题纲10分钟，拟主题句、完成段落15分钟，检查5分钟。总之，对于四六级考试作文，由于其题型比较固定，对应试者要求相对不高，因此

44、，应试者有必要掌握一些写作技巧，多加练习，力争提高写作的质量和水平。高分作文标志1:是否长短句交叉；2、是否会使用插入语；3、用词是否多样，准确，形象，尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词；4、关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词;5、句型使用是否准确、地道。四级写作中如何选词Compare the Follow ingSenten cesnWeshould use differentways toget to knowthesociety.nWeought to make use ofvariousmethodstogetto knowthe society.nWeare supposedto t

45、akeadvantageof diversemeans toget to know thesociety.选词的基本原则n尽量用四级范围内的积极的，活跃的，常用的词或词组n尽量用表达最贴切，最生动,最有力的词或短语。n尽量用最符合所写话题,所用文体的词或表达。Summaryn 文章无论长短都是由词汇构成的。如果掌握的词汇量不够，写岀的文章就会词不达意，严重影响文章 的表达。所以，要尽可能学好词汇，掌握词，词组和常用表达，打好写作基础。四级考生在措词方面存在的问题:n1可供 调遣”的词汇量贫乏，用词大部分局限于中学词汇。Eg. Good points=benefits,advantages,me

46、rits.Problems,bad points=drawbacks,disadvantages,shortcomings,defects.n2表达相近意义时，常重复用一个词，用词单调Eg. Good= helpful, useful, beneficial, favorable, advantageous, does good to, b enefit.策略n1调动大学期间学过的更生动，更丰富的词汇表达意思。Eg. Cause, lead to, result in, bring about, give rise/birth ton2用具体，生动，有针对性的词语。Eg. Use, make

47、use of, make (good, effective, wide, wise, full) use of sth, take(full) advantage ofn 3文中如需要多次表达同一词义时，以原词，同义词，近义词等避免重复使用同一词。Eg. Adapt to, adjust, make fit, get used to, be accustomed toF面给岀写好一篇作文的注意事项:we / I （ 比如写结尾时1. 适当用被动替换主动，这样能更客观的反映事实，句子开头不要总是用不用 we should pay attention to而用 Attention should b

48、e paid to.)举个经典结尾 2004 年六月六级作文的最后一段：It is ,therefore, high time that some applicable approac，its competitihes were impleme nted by the service in dustry like that. By doing so ve edge will be sharpe ned effectively.2. 善于使用插入语，比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。如however / therefore /for ex

49、ample/I believe做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。比如说：Other in dividuals, however, take the attitude that3. 一定要学会换词，换形象，具体的替换太宽泛的。（考试中一般不要岀现good, bad , many, thing, think,people, opinion 等等）比如上面例子中， applicable 替换 proper, approaches 替换 ways, i mplement 替换 carry out, sharpenone scompetitive edge替换 enhance

50、one sompetitiveness（提高某物竞争力）下面举一篇南京工程学院某位同学写的优秀作文(14分)的例子，看看他是如何运用各类写作技巧的。这位同学把老师上课讲的各类写作手法和精彩替换和句型都用上了，作文有了很大的提 高。Computer and I By SimmyI n ever forget the exceed in gly thrilli ng day whe n my mother bought me a comput er as birthday present, which exerted a tremendous fascination on me so that i

51、 in dulged myself i n googli ng an army of useful in formati on i had expected ,and enjo y a sea of melodious classic music. That ni ght I was sleepless, feeli ng that the wh ole world bel on ged to me.exceed in gly替换 verythrilling替换 excitingsth. exert a treme ndous fascin ati on on sb替换 sb. be in t

52、erested in sth.google 替换 searchan army of 替换 a lot ofThe daw n of the new cen tury wit nessed the in creas ing popularity of computers. C oin cide nt with the adva nceme nt of scie nce and tech no logy, computers pouri ng int o the current society as a fashion are appealing to growing individuals. It is no ex aggerati on to say we have bee n submerged by