2019年北京市高考英语试卷-普通用卷

1、2019年北京市高考英语试卷副标题题号IIIIIIIVV总分得分一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AWant to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Developme nt Associati on （GDA）. Whatever stage of life youre at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GD

2、A, youll create positive changes in a poor and remote community （社区）.We work with volun teers of all ages and backgro un ds. Most of our volun teers are aged 17 24. Now we n eed volun teer man agers aged 25 75. They are extremely importa nt in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We hav

3、e such roles as project man agers, mou ntain leaders, and com muni cati on officers.Depe nding on which role you choose, you could help to in crease a com mun itys access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adve nture challe nge to train young

4、 volun teers.Not only will you help our young volun teers to develop pers on ally, youll also learn new skills and in crease your cultural aware ness. You may have cha nces to meet new people wholl become your life long frien ds.This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:CountrySchedule4-

5、week programmes7-week programmesAlgeria5 Jul.-1 Aug.20 Jun.-7 Aug.Egypt24 Jul.-20 Aug.19 Jun.-6 Aug.Kenya20 Jul.-16 Aug.18 Jun.-5 Aug.South Africa2 Aug.-29Aug.15 Jun.-2 Aug.GDA en sures that volun teers work with com munity members and local project part ners where our help is n eeded. All our proje

6、cts aim to promote the developme nt of poor and remote com mun ities.There is no other cha nee like a GDA programme. Join us as a volun teer man ager to develop your own skills while bringing ben efits to the com mun ities.Find out more about joi ning a GDA programme:Website: Email: h

7、uma 1. What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?A. To seek local partners.B. To take in young volunteers.C. To carry out programmes.D. To foster cultural awareness.2. The programme beginning in August will operate in .A. Egypt B. Algeria C. Kenya D. South Africa3. T

8、he shared goal of GDA?s projects is to .A. explore new culturesB. protect the environmentC. gain corporate benefitsD. help communities in needBAlice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur （创业者）， who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy By the time she was 13 ， her company was worth millions of dolla

9、rs with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids teeth ， instead of destroying them It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad On the outing ， she was offered a candy bar However ， her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth But Moore was sick of missing

10、out on candies So she desired to get round the warning ， Why cant I make a healthy candy thats good for my teeth so that my parents cant say no to it ？ With that in mind ， Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about

11、 what a healthier candy would contain With her dads permission ， she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning Consequently ， she succeeded in making a kind

12、of candy only using natural sweeteners ， which can reduce oral bacteria Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground Afterwards ， she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner ， who finally agreed to sell Moores product-CanCandy As CanCandys succe

13、ss grows， so does Moores credibility as a young entrepreneur Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created ， and shes also positive about what the future might bring She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile Meanwhile ， with her parents help ， Moore is generally able to l

14、ive a normal teenage life Although she founded her company early on ill life ， she wasnt driven primarily by profit Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles She donates 10% of AilieCandys profits to Big Smiles With her talent and determination ， it appears that the sky c

15、ould be the limit for Alice Moore 4. How did Moore react to her dads warning ？ A. She argued with him B. She tried to find a way out C. She paid no attention D. She chose to consult dentists5. What is special about CanCandy ？ A. It is beneficial to dental health B. It is free of sweeteners C. It is

16、sweeter than other candiesD. It is produced to a dentists recipe 6. What does Moore expect from her business ？ A. To earn more money B. To help other find smiles C. To make herself stand out D. To beat other candy companies 7. What can we learn from Alice Moores story ？ A. Fame is a great thirst of

17、the young B. A youth is to be regarded with respect C. Positive thinking and action result in success D. Success means getting personal desires satisfiedCThe problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know By next year， half of the call

18、s we receive will be scams （欺 诈） We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools ， apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through Unfortunately ， its too little ， too late By the time these solutions （解决 方案） become widely a

19、vailable ， scammers will have moved onto cleverer means In the near future its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real Thats because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation （处理

20、）， and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use At this years I/O Conference ， a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detectio

21、n These developments are likely to make our current problem with robocalls much worse The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches （数据入侵） of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mothers name ，

22、 and far more Armed with this knowledge ， theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people This means for example ， that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers ， tricking you in

23、to confirming your address ， mothers name， and card number Scammers follow money ， so companies will be the worst hit A lot of business is still done over the phone ， and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually We need to deal

24、 with the insecure nature of our telecom networks Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images ， showing when and who they were made by ， or abandoning phone cal

25、ls altogether and moving towards data-based communications-using like FaceTime or WhatsApp ， which can he tied to your identity Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose ， and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out 8. How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem o

26、f robocalls ？ A. Panicked B. ConfusedC. EmbarrassedD. Disappointed 9. Taking advantage of the new technologies ， scammers can 第 4 页，共 16 页A. aim at victims preciselyC. start campaig ns rapidlyB. damage databases easily D. spread in formatio n widely10. What does the passage imply? A. Honesty is the

27、best policy .B. Tech no logies can be double-edged.C. There are more solutions than problems .D. Credibility holds the key to development .11. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage ? A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is RootedB. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsC.

28、 Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dan gerousD. How Robocalls Are Affecti ng the World of Techn ologyBy the end of the cen tury, if not sooner, the worlds ocea ns will be bluer and gree ner thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microor

29、ganisms （ 海洋微生物 ）called phytopla nkton. Because of the way light reflects off the orga ni sms, these phytopla nkton create colourful patter ns at the ocea n surface. Ocea n colour varies from gree n to blue, depe nding on the type and concen trati on of phytopla nkton. Climate cha nge will fuel the

30、growth of phytopla nkton in some areas, while reduc ing it in other spots, leadi ng to cha nges in the ocea ns appeara nee.Phytopla nkton live at the ocea n surface, where they pull carb on dioxide （ 二氧化碳 ）into the ocea n while givi ng off oxyge n. When these orga ni sms die, they bury carb on in th

31、e deep ocea n, an importa nt process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytopla nkton are vuln erable to the ocea ns warmi ng trend. Warmi ng cha nges key characteristics of the ocea n and can affect phytopla nkton growth, since they n eed not only sun light and carb on dioxide to grow,

32、 but also nu trie nts.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects cha nges to the ocea ns throughout the cen tury .In a world that warms up by 3 C , it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model p

33、rojects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warm ing will make con diti ons riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. Not only are the quantities of phytopla nkton in the ocea n cha ngin g,

34、she said, but the type of phytopla nkton is cha ngin g.And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begi n to disappear from the ocea n, Dutkiewicz said, it will cha nge the type of fish that will be able to survive. Those kinds of cha nges could affect the

35、food cha in.Whatever colour cha nges the ocea n experie nces in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. Itll be a while before we can statistically show that the cha nges are happe ning because of climate cha nge, Dutkiewicz said, bu

36、t the cha nge in the colour of the ocea n will be one of the early warning sig nals that we really have cha nged our pla net.12. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The various patter ns at the ocea n surface.B. The cause of the cha nges in ocea n colour.C. The way light reflects off m

37、arine orga ni sms.D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytopla nkton.13. What does the underlined word vuInerable in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sen sitive.B. Ben eficial.C. Signi fica nt.D. Unno ticeable.14. What can we learn from the passage?A. Phytopla nkton play a decli ning role in the marine

38、 ecosystem.B. Dutkiewiczs model aims to project phytopla nkton cha nges.C. Phytopla nkton have bee n used to con trol global climate.D. Ocea ns with more phytopla nkton may appear gree ner.15. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To assess the con seque nces of ocea n colour cha nges.B. To an

39、alyse the compositi on of the ocea n food cha in.C. To expla in the effects of climate cha nge on ocea ns.D. To in troduce a new method to study phytopla nkton.二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共10.0分)Much of the work in todays world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most peoplebelieve the best way to build a great team i

40、s to gather a group of the most tale nted in dividuals .(1) Compa nies spe nd milli ons hiri ng top bus in ess people . Is their moneywell spent ?(2) They focused on football , basketball and baseball. The results are mixed . For football and basketball , adding talented players to a team proves a g

41、ood method , but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top tale nt ; above that level, the teams performanee begins to decline . Interestingly , this trend isnt evident in baseball , where additi onal in dividual tale nt keeps improvi ng the teams performa neeTo explain tins phenomenon ,

42、 the researchers explored the degree to which a good performa nee by a team requires its members to coord in ate (协调) their acti ons .(3) Inbaseball, the performa nee of in dividual players is less depe ndent on teammates . They conclude that when task interdependence is high , team performanee will

43、 suffer when there is too much tale nt , while in dividual tale nt will have positive effects on team performa nee when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is , for example , trying to gain a high personal point total , he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the b

44、all to a teammate, affecting the teams performanee . Young children learning to play team sports are often told ,There is no I in TEAM . (4)Ano ther possibility is that whe n there is a lot of tale nt on a team , some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war (拔河比赛)， whenever a p

45、erson is added, every one else pulls the rope with less force .(5) An A-team may require a balance-not just A players , but a few generous B players as well .A . Its not a simple matter to determ ine the n ature of tale nt .B . Sports team owners spe nd millio ns of dollars attract ing top tale nt .

46、 C . The group in teract ion and its effect drew the researchers atte ntio n . D . Stars appare ntly do not follow this basic prin ciple of sportsma nship E . Several recent studies exam ined the role of tale nt in the sports world . F . Buildi ng up a dream team is more complex tha n smiply hiri ng

47、 the best tale nt G . This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball .16.A. AEF. FB. BG. GC. CD. DE17.A. AB. BC. CD. DEEF. FG. G18.A. AB. BC. CD. DEEF. FG. G19.A. AB. BC. CD. DEEF. FG. G20.A. AB. BC. CD. DEEF. FG. G三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）Regardless of the weather or th

48、e dista nee, Paul Wils on will make sure low-i ncome students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.A retired engin eer, 76-year-old Wils on has bee n (21) free rides to college stude nts for the past eight years. Since he first started (22) his car to the young people, Wils o

49、n has (23) an astonishing 64,000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous (24) with the stude nts he tran sports to and from school. The stude nts who hes (25) have gone on to become physicia ns, teachers and engin eers, but what theyve also got out of their time in school is finding

50、 a role model and a friend in Wils on. Some stude nts (26) call him Gran dpa.Tina Stern (27) rides from Wils on for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free (28) . Its not just a ride; youre not just sitting there in (29) sile nee or with your headph ones on

51、，” Stern said. He asks you questi ons and actually (30) the an swers, so the next time you ride with him, hell (31) those thin gs.Wils on first worked as a driver through a stude nt-support programme of the non-profit orga ni zati on: On Point for College. Although the (32) asks the members only to

52、drive stude nts to and from their classes, Wils on often goes (33) to en sure the welfare and safety of the stude nts. If they have problems with registrati on, Wils on is there to (34) them. If they run out of certa in daily n ecessities, Wils on will drive to the n earest store and purchase whats

53、n eeded. If a stude nt gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wils on n ever(35) to buy them a meal.For many stude nts, Wils ons help is not only appreciated, its also en tirely(36) forthem to be able to complete their college education. Some students dont have a reliable car, while othe

54、rs have to (37) vehicles with pare nts who work six days a week. For them, ridi ng with Wils on has (38) them to complete their educati on but accord ing to Wils on, he ben efits just as much from the (39) . I just love drivi ng and I love these kids, Wils on said. Its such a(n) (40) to be a part of

55、 these kids lives, even just for a few hours, gett ing to know them and hearing their stories.21.A. linkingB. sendingC. offeri ngD. distribut ing22.A. don at ingB. le ndingC. deliveri ngD. volun teeri ng23.A. pavedB. coveredC. measuredD. wan dered24.A. argume ntsB. i nterviewsC. n egotiati onsD. con

56、 versati ons25.A. metB. drive nC. addressedD. greeted26.A. evenB. everC. onceD. already27.A. earnedB. receivedC. assessedD. dema nded28.A. tran sportati onB. styleC. timeD. com mun icati on29.A. forcedB. awkwardC. ridiculousD. suspicious30.A. selectsB. recitesC. guessesD. remembers31.A. act onB. set

57、tle onC. check onD. agree on32.A. clubB. leagueC. collegeD. programme33.A. farB. aroundC. beyondD. forwards34.A. assistB. watchC. urgeD. warn35.A. expectsB. attemptsC. man agesD. hesitates36.A. extraB. unu sualC. n ecessaryD. adequate37.A. shareB. fuelC. repairD. exchange38.A. requiredB. allowedC. remin de