冠词与名词及代词

1、 冠词&名词&代词用适当的冠词填空。1._milk is food._milk in this cup has gone bad.2.do you like playing _football? -yes.but i have only _basketball.3.do you know _girl on _another side of _lake?4.theres _“u”and _“s”in _word “use”.5.she says _animals cant live without _air,either.6.his father,who is _honest man,is te

2、aching in _university.7.which is heavier,_elephant or _horse?8._cold wind was blowing from the north.9.he is always ready to help _old and _young.10._greens are traveling in _south china.知识提炼考点一、不定冠词a, an（1）不定冠词的基本用法 an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，而a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。例如： an apple, an orange, a book, a mountain 注意以下几种情

3、况：a. u的发音有两种。发/ju:/时, 单词前用a (useful, university, unit, european) 发/时, 单词前用an (umbrella, ugly, uncle, unusual)b. 常见首字母不发音的有an hour, an honest boy。c. 数字前用a还是an，需要注意该数字所代表的英文单词的首个音素的发音。例如：an 11-year-old boy, an 18-year-old girl, a one-year-old baby（2）不定冠词的功能功能例句1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前，表示“一个”，常修饰单数可数名词。h

4、ere is a map of the united states.2. 泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别于其他种类。a plane is a machine that can fly.3. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。there will be a strong wind in south china.4. 用于价格，数量，比例等，表示“每一”。they cost 50 pence a kilo.5. 用在序数词前，表示“又一、再一”。i have three books. i want to buy a fourth one.6. 用于固定词组中。have

5、 a look，a lot of，have a good time，a few,in a hurry, for a while, keep a diary, take a bus, as a result, have a rest, etc.当堂检测【例1】what do you think of lucy? she is _ honest girl. a. an b. a c. the d. / 考点二、定冠词the用法例句1. 用于谈话双方都清楚的名词前。tom, come to the blackboard, please.2. 表示特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物。there is a

6、book on the desk.the book is toms.3. 和一些名词连用，表示类别。the light bulb was invented by edison.4 . 表示世界上独一无二的事物。the earth moves around the sun.5. 用于形容词的最高级或序数词前，以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前。tom is the tallest in our class.jack is the fatter of the two boys.6. 用于姓氏的复数前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。the greens are at breakfast t

7、able.7. 与某些形容词连用，表示一类人或事物。the young should help the old.8. 用于江、河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。the great wall，the united states, the uk9. 用在表示方位、西洋乐器名称的名词之前。guangdong is in the south of china.i like playing the piano.10. 用在表示某个世纪的某个年代的时间名词前。in the 1980s11. 由festival组成的中国特有的节日前。the mid-autumn f

8、estival is on aug. 15th .12. 用在某些固定词组中。in the morning, by the way, in the end,at the age of, all the time, on the right【例3】mom, i like _ green tshirt. could you buy it for me？ aa ban cthe d/【例4】how is _ film you saw last night? you mean _ one，lost in thailand？thats wonderful！ aa; the bthe; the cthe;

9、 不填 d不填; the考点三、零冠词某些情况下，名词之前一般不用冠词。用法列表如下：用法例句1. 在某些专有名词前不用冠词，如国名、人名等。paper is made of wood.china has a long history.2. 当名词前有this，that，these，those，every，his，your，some，any等限定词或名词所有格修饰时。go along this road.every student in our class wants to have a rest.3. 复数名词表示一类人或事物时。my parents are teachers.4. 在星期、

10、日期、月份、季节、公共假日节日前。today is childrens day.its hot in summer.5. 在一日三餐、球类运动、学科语言的名词前。he went to school without breakfast.lets play football after school.every student likes english in our class.6. 称呼语或表示头衔、职务的名词前不用冠词。granny is sleeping now. we call him monitor.7. 与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前（但take a bus, in a boat,

11、 on the bike中需用冠词）。by bus, by train, by plane8. 用在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的街名、路名、山名等名词前。nanjing road, hainan island,mount qomolangma9. 用于习惯用语中。go to school, at home, at once, on time, in trouble, watch tv, on foot, by mistake, day and night, at first etc.【例5】li na started playing _ tennis at the age of six. sh

12、e is one of _ best women tennis players in the world. athe; the ba; / c/; the dthe; /【例6】it is a good habit to go to _ bed early and get up early. aa ban cthe d不填当堂检测1. beijing is one of _ biggest cities in china.a. ab. anc. thed. /2. if we sit by _ window of the train, well have _ better view.a. /;

13、 theb. /; ac. the; ad. the; the3. -what do you usually have for _ breakfast?-a piece of bread and _ egg.a. a; anb. /; thec. the; ad. /; an4. there is _ american boy in our class and the boy can speak _ good chinese.a. a; theb. an; /c. an; and. a; an5.chaffsis_boy,buthecanplaytheguitarverywell. a.ane

14、ight-yearsold b.aeight-year-oldc.aeight-years-old d.aneight-year-old6.weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andiliketoplay_basketball.a.a b.an c.the d./7.-would you like _ red dress as a birthday present, mary?-sorry, mon. i prefer _ orange one.a. an; anb. a; anc. a; thed. the; an精讲精练the clock struck (报时) ele

15、ven at night. the whole house was quiet. everyone (1) _ (be) in bed except me. under the strong light, i looked (2) _ (sad) at the books before me.i was going to have my examination the next day. “when can go to bed?” i (3) _ (ask) myself.the clock struck twelve. “oh, dear!” i cried. “ten more books

16、 to read before i can go to bed!” we students are the most wretched (可怜的) (4) _ (creature) in the world. dad does not agree (5) _ me on this. he did not have to work so hard (6) _ he was a boy.the clock struck one. i was very sad. i forgot all i had learnt. i was too (7) _ (tiring) to go on. i did t

17、he only thing i could.“oh, god, please help me pass (8) _ exam tomorrow. i do promise (9) _ (work) hard later，amen.” my eyes were so heavy that i could hardly open (10) _.a few minutes later, with my head on the desk, i fell asleep.语法专题考点一、名词的数（1）可数名词 可数名词复数形式的规则变化构成方法例词一般情况下，在名词的末尾加sdeskdesks, appl

18、eapples以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词，在词尾加esclassclasses, boxboxes, watchwatches以辅音y结尾的名词，把y变为i，再加escountrycountries，factoryfactories以f或fe结尾的名词，把f或fe变为v，再加esknifeknives, wifewives, leafleaves以o结尾表示有生命的名词，在词尾加estomatotomatoes, heroheroes以o结尾表示无生命的名词，在词尾加sradioradios.photophotos 可数名词复数形式的不规则变化规则例词及记忆口诀改变单数名词中的元音字母ma

19、nmen；womanwomen; 男人女人a变e;goosegeese; footfeet; toothteeth; 鹅足牙齿oo变eepolicemanpolicemen; policewomanpolicewomen 单复数同形fish; deer; sheep 鱼鹿绵羊不用变以复数形式出现trousers; glasses; clothes; pants其他mousemice; childchildren单数复数记忆口诀chinese国家名单复数变化：中日不变，英法变，其余国家s加后面。japaneseenglishmanfrenchmanamericangermancanadian 精

20、讲精练【例1】i saw some _ and _ dancing in the street the day before yesterday. a. germen; englishmen b. germans; englishmans c. germans; englishmen d. germen; englishmans2）不可数名词 常用的不可数名词食物类meat，fish，chicken，beef，pork，mutton，rice, salt, sugar, porridge, bread材料类metal，paper，glass，grass，cotton, silk, wool,

21、wood, hair, plastic其他类snow，ice，wind，sunshine，news，music，weather，money，knowledge，homework，housework, teamwork, help, information, advice, rubbish(waste), light, medicine精讲精练【例3】where are you going, sam? there isnt any _ in the fridge. ill go and buy some. a. vegetables b. beef c. eggs d. money 【例4】th

22、ere is good _ for you. ive found your lost watch. a. newsb. ideas c. messages d. thoughts 不可数名词的量化 a.可以修饰不可数名词的词或短语 a lot of/ lots of, some, much, a little, little, plenty of, a bit of, a large amount of, etc. b.数词+容器/计量单位+of+不可数名词 a glass of watertwo glasses of water(复数) a piece of papertwo pieces

23、of paper(复数) 注意：可数名词也可以量化，要注意其中的量词及名词的复数变化。a bag of strawberries two bags of strawberries（复数）（3） 既可当可数又可当不可数的名词，但意义不同。如下表格：例词词义（可数）词义（不可数）chicken鸡鸡肉room房间空间fish鱼鱼肉orange橙子橙汁glass玻璃杯玻璃paper试卷，报纸纸张time倍数，次数时间work作品工作experience经历经验精讲精练【例5】there is _ in the bottle. a. no any orange b. not a orange c. no

24、t any orange d. no oranges考点二、名词的所有格（1）构成 有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：一般情况下在表示有生命的物体的名词后加s。如：迈克的汽车 _ 我妈妈的生日 _以s结尾的复数名词只加。 如：教师节 _不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加s 。如： 妇女节 _ 儿童节 _ 无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of表示无生命的物体的名词”构成。如：我们教室的一张照片 _ 一张中国地图 _注意：表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词也可用s构成所有格。如：todays newspaper; the worlds population注意以下固定搭配中，“to”表示“的”

25、the key to door, the answer to question, the ticket to film, the way to school（2）特殊用法 表示一件东西为两人或三人共有时，只需在最后一个名词后加s，后面所跟名词用单数；表示各自所有时， 则需在每个名词后加s，后面所跟名词用复数。如：莉莉和露西共有的房间 _莉莉和露西各自的房间 _ 表示“某人家”、 “店铺”、“诊所”等处所。如：在李雷家 at li leis在医生的诊所_在药店 at the chemists当堂检测（ ）1. the deer has four _. a. foot b. feet c. foo

26、ts（ ）2. her two brothers are both _. a. policeman b. policemans c. policemen （ ）3. there are four _ and two _ in the group. a. japanese, germen b. japaneses, germen c. japanese, germans（ ）4. one,two,threefive. five_. a. monkey b.monkeies c.monkeys（ ）5. can you see nine _ in the picture? a. sheep b.

27、dog c. pig( )6._ mothers both work in the same hospital.a. tim and peters b. tims and peter c. tims and peters d. tim and peter ( )7.after taking exercise, the women coaches usually have ,and then get down to do some reading. a. two glass of orange juice b. two glasses of orange juice c. two glasses

28、 of orange juices d. two glass of orange juices课后作业写出下列名词的单复数 1.brush_ 2.wife_ 3.sheep_ 4.baby_ 5.box_ 6.japanese_ 7.watch_ 8.policeman_ 9.houses_ 10.deer_ 11.teeth_ 12.men_ 13.are_ 14.oxen_ 15.mice_ 16.ladies_语法填空when you hear westerners say “drop in anytime (随时来玩)” or “come and see me soon”, you s

29、hould (1) _ (realization) that it doesnt mean you are welcome (2) _ (come) over to their house anytime. its better to make a call before (3) _ (visit) someone.never accept an invitation (4) _ you really plan to go. you may refuse by saying, “thank you (5) _ inviting me, but i may not be able to come

30、.” if you (6) _ (be) unable to come after accepting the invitation, be sure to tell those who invite you in advance that you will not be there.if you have accepted the invitation to (7) _ party or a dinner, it is polite to bring small gifts with you, such as bottles of drink, (8) _ (flower) and choc

31、olate.sometimes westerners may take you out to dinner in a restaurant and it does not necessarily mean that he is going to pay the bill at the end of (9) _ meal. he might want you to “go dutch” which means each person (10) _ (pay) his own bill.考点一、人称代词、物主代词及反身代词人称第一人称单数第一人称复数第二人称单数第二人称复数第三人称单数第三人称复数

32、主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词（1） 人称代词定义：人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”等的词，有人称、数和格的变化。用法： 人称代词的主格在句中作主语。如：i love my country. 人称代词的宾格在句中作动词、介词的宾语或表语。如：i dont know her. his mother is waiting for him outside. this is me.人称代词的语序。几个人称代词并列作主语时，它们的顺序是：单数形式（二、三、一）you, he/she and i.复数形式（一、二、三）we, you and they（2）

33、 物主代词 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：our teacher is coming to see us.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，常用来代替前面已经提及的名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。例如：our school is here, and theirs (their school) is there.（作主语）ive already finished my homework. have you finished yours(your homework)? （作宾语）名词性物主代词可用在of后面与of共同作定语，相当于“o

34、f+名词所有格”，带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。 例如：he is a friend of mine. （3） 反身代词 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 he called himself a writer would you please express yourself in english?作表语。 it doesnt matterill be myself soon the girl in the news is myself作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。 i myself washed the clothes（=i washed t

35、he clothes myself.）（作主语同位语） you should ask the teacher himself（作宾语同位语）反身代词的常用词组（请说出对应的中文翻译） teach oneself =learn by oneself _ help oneself to _ dress oneself _ come to oneself _ lose oneself in _ by oneself _一 用人称代词或物主代词填空1. mr yang is _(we) teacher._(him) is from beijing. _(his) teaches_(our) engli

36、sh.2. look,there is a cat._(they) is lilys._(it) name is mimi.3.let_(i) tell _(she) about_(he) life at school.4.this is _(they) room.where is _(our)?5.dont use the eraser._ is _(me)6. the lady under the tree is _(me) aunt._(her) often sings with _(she) husband.二、选择题( )1.kategives_somebooks,butimustg

37、ive_backsoon. a.i;itb.me;themc.my;theyd.me;they( )2.when you see tom and his sister , tellthat mother is waiting at the gate.a. his ;his b. her; hers c. them ; their d. his ; her ( )3pass _ the knife, please. my pencil is broken. a. i b. mec. my d. mine ( )4miss brown will teach _ english next term.

38、 a. us b. we c. our d. ours ( )5this isnt my sweater. its _ , i think. a. she b. her c. hersd. mine ( )6.what is _ favorite subject?a she b he c her d you( ) 7.this is toms book, please show _ to _.a. it he b its him c it him d it his ( )8.this is _ classroom a they b them c their d theirs三、用所给代词的正确

39、形式填空。1.open the door for _ (i, me) please. 2.catch_(he,him)!hesathief.3.ilovemickeyverymuch.whatabout_(you,your)?4._(they,them)aremyclassmates.5.lookat_(they,them).theyaredrawingpictures.6.aretheseoranges_(their,theirs)?7.thebluebikeis_(her,his),notmine.8.lookatthecar._(its,its)colourisblack.9.yourb

40、agsaregreen_(their,theirs)areyellow.10.theirschoolisinthecountry._(our,ours)schoolisinthecity.语法填空专项一.题目一般分为：纯空格填空(一般考察是冠词，代词，介词，连词等)和给词填空(考察是时态，语态，非谓语，词性转换，比较最高级等)做题方法是，根据上下文逻辑关系和语法知识完成。二.一篇文章10个空，每空1分。其 中，一般7个空是有提示词的，相当于用所给词的正确形式填空另外3个是没有提示词的，需要我们填入连词，代词，介词，冠词等虚词。三、解题步骤：1、快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单有把握的空，可以先填出

41、来；2、上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；3、通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。四根据设题类型，语法填空又可分为有提示词试题和纯空格试题两类。有提示词试题侧重考查动词、名词、形容词、副词以及词性转换。而纯空格试题侧重考查冠词、介词、连词和代词。(一)提示性填空的解题技巧1.若句中无谓语动词，说明所给提示词则为句子谓语动词。则需考虑谓语动词的时态、语态以及主谓一致;1）若句中出现表示过去式的时间状语如last night, yesterday, 则就将提示词变成_；2）若是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词也应

42、该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，也叫做_如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：come_, spell_, wait_, talk_, see_, dance_, train_二）在x, sh, ch, s,后加es。如：watch_, wash_, wish_, finish_技巧一：若提示词为动词，则先要进行两个步骤：首先将有横线的部分以句子为单位进行划分，其次标出句子中动词。三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-_, hurry-_, try-_；以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：play_, say_, stay_, enjoy_, buy_；以o结尾加es。如：do_, g

43、o_；特殊的有：are-_, have-_every morning she_(go) to school at eight. he_ (come) to school early this morning.she _(like) playing sports every day.2.若该空缺少名词，则是把所给动词转化为名词。but jane knew from past experience that her_(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.3.若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但所填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词

44、在句子中作谓语，就要考虑时态和语态，考点常为：一般现在时，一般过去时和被动。 that was definitely not an attractive idea so i politely declined her invitation, _(close) my book and walked away. 4. 若句中已经有一个谓语动词，而且没有连词，则所给提示词为非谓语动词，需考虑非谓语动词，包括v-ing形式、v-ed形式和动词不定式(to do)。做题时确定所给出的词与其所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。 1)如果与中心词是主动关系，一般用_。当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式

45、，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing,hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing_(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, .二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking, take-taking,practice-practicing, write-writi

46、ng, have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show showing,draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting,let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于2)如果与中心词是被动关系，一般用_。一）一般情况下加ed，如watched, planted, watered, pulled, climbed, picked。二）以不发

47、音字母e结尾的加d，如liked, moved, tasted。三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加ed，如studystudied。四）以1个元音字母加1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed，如stopstopped。3) 如果表示将来，一般用动词不定式。例3： he spit it out,_ (say) it was awful.例4： his first book_ (publish) next month is based on a true story.技巧二：若提示词为名词，则需考虑：(1)可数名词或是不可数名词; 不可数名词，则不做变化(2)可数名词单数或复数,可数名词单数变复数的规则如下： 一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, americans, germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, ch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families2）以元音字母加y结