非谓语动词专题讲解

1、任何成分。)不定式与动名词做主语1. 动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般习惯的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例句:Reading English is really a great fun. v这里不强调看一次，看两次表示的是一般性的行为To read english this morning willtake most of my time, v 这里用不定式表示一次具体的行为2. 形式主语it的运用：1) .不定式做主语，谓语用单数。往往用it做形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。例句：To finish the job took us two hoursIt took ustwo h

2、oursto finish the job(注：在不定式做主语的被动语态句子中，必须用形式主语it.)例句：it wasdecided togofor a picnicto morrow.2) . It is+adj. of/for sb. to do sth.当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时，用of,否则用for.例句：It svery nice of you to help us.此时，不定时的逻辑主语是you , adj.是nice,二者构成系表结构，即可以说you arenice .此时应该用ofIt simpossible for us to defeat the bo

3、ss, v 此时就不能说 we are impossible.因此应该用for 3) 用动名词做主语的句型：It is/was no good (use, useless, fun) +doing sth. It s worth while doing例句：It sno use cry over spilt milk.覆水难收(it用法远不止这几个后面会有补充)3. 成分对称：主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，应保持形式上一致。例句：To see is to believeSeeing is believing.眼见为实4. There be no +ving例句：There is no parki

4、ng around hereNo smoking, please练习题It is hardhis mind(to change )It is funwith a foreign man, (talking)There is no what will happen. (telling)I likethis novel this morning(to read)二:1. 不定式做表语表具体个别的动作或有将來的含义。例句：My wish is to become a famous writer.t 表主动(interesting, amusing, disappointing, puzzling,

5、exci ting 等)：进行时表示2、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征 正在进行的动作。例句：i am teaching the child to swim when you passed by.The story is amusing(令人白勺)3. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。例句：The shop is closed表状态 The door was closed by the wind v 表被动 4. 注意如下动词的现在分14与过去分词用法不同：其实这些都是使役动词inspire, worryinterest surprise, frighten , e

6、xcite, tire, please, puzzle, satisfy, amuse disappoint,The bookis interesting.The newsis surprising.Thestoryis fritenting.He is fritented.After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice 练习题The problem is ( puzzling)The village isby mountains(surrounded)She isat the news(surpris

7、ed)三：做宾语1只能用动名词做宾语的动词口诀a 考虑建议盼原谅 -cosider suggest/advise look forward to doing excuse/parden b 承认推辞没得想admit delay/put off fancyc避免错过继续练avoid miss keep/keep on practicee 否认完成就欣赏-deny finish enjoy/appreciatef禁止想象才冒险forbid imagine riskg 不禁介意准逃亡can t help mind allow/permit escape此夕 b： be used to/lead to

8、/devote to /go back to /object to/get done to/pay attentionto /can tstand /give up /feel like /insist on /thank you for /apologizefor /be busy(in)have difficulty 、 troubledoing。would/should,则后接不定式。但in/have a good/wonderful/hard time in /spend time in 等动词词组后面也力口2. 跟动名词或不定式做宾语，有区别的。1) .like, love, pre

9、f e r后接动名词，表经常性的行为；接不定式，表具体的某次行为。如前有 feel like只接动名词做宾语。例句：I like swimming , but I don， t like to swim this afternoon.2) 在allow, advise, forbid, permit 后，如后有名词或代词做宾语，则用不定式做宾补。H卩 allow, advise, forbid, permit +doing sth / sb to do sth. 例句：We don t allow smoking in the hal 1.We allow you to smoke here3

10、).当need, require, want做 需要讲时，其后必接to be done(被动态)或ving (此时ving也表被动意义)，表事情需要被做。want/need/ require十动名词主动式=want/need/require +不定式被动式即 need/want/require( 需要)+to be done/doing/sb.to do sth例句：The window needs/want/requires to be cleaned/cleaning4). worth后必须接动名词主动形式表被动。即 be worth + 名词 /doingbe worthy to be

11、donebe worthy of + 名词 /being done例句：The place is worth visitingThe place is worthy to be visitedThe place is worthy of + a visit/being visited5) 在介词but, other than之后的不定式。如介词前有“do”，不定式省略“to ”则就带“to 前有do,后无to例句：We could do nothing but/other than waitHe had no choice but to wait另接不定式省略 to 的有：can t choo

12、se but, can t help 只好),can t buhad better, would rather.Eg:He cannot choose but stay on.You had better come here on timeI would rather stay than otherwise6) 当不定式做动词 tell, show, understand, teach, discuss, wonder, find out,等诃宾语时，前常带引导词 how, what, whether , why , who 等+to do,但why+不带to的不定式。例句：I don t k

13、now what to do.Can you tell me why do it?练习题：1. I can hardly imagine Peter (sail) across the Atlantic2. I would appreciate your _ (call) back this afternoon.3. The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief _ (catch)4. She didn t remember (meet) him before5 We have always deeply regretted (sell)

14、 the house6. The dictionary can t help (learn) the language7. When do you plan to leave?I mean (leave) tomorrow.8. He would like (sing) this song now.9. Do you feel like (have) a cup of tea?10. The extra money allow us (buy) a car11. This book is worth (read)12. This book is worthy of (read)13. All

15、cars require (service) regularly.14. I wonder how (solve) this problem.15. What we can do but (sit) and (wait)16. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, bet ter (forget) it you have got some big billscoming四：做宾补1感官动词 see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词

16、 have 后情况：1).主动时，do原型表完成；现在分词doing表正在进行。例句：I heard her sing an English song just nowI heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room2）被动时,ved过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性；being done表正在进行。例句:I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her roomI want to have my hair cut2:使役动词l

17、et后,主动时,用动原do：被动时用be+过去分词。例句：Dont let your child play with mate hesLet there be no mistake about it.Let the work be done immediately.3. leave后接非谓语动词做宾补时，意为“使处于某种状态”。Leave sb. doing sth.(主动，正在进行)Sth. Undone (被动或完成)sb. to do sth. /sth. to be done (不定式表示将來的动作)It is wrong of you to leave the machine run

18、ningThe guests left most of the dishes untouchedHe left, leaving me to do all the rest workWe hurried end our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled4. have, get后接宾补的三种形式：1) . Have sb. do sth. =get sb to do sth. 使 /让 /叫某人做某事例句：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt2) , have sth. done =

19、get sth. done让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)例句：I will have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.此外 have sth. done 有 “使遭受 之”意。例句：Tom had his leg broken while playing footbal1.3 ) . have sb. /sth. doing让某人持续的做某事(主动，正在进行)Get sb. /sth doing使某人/物开始行动起來例句：The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short res

20、t注:have sb. doing置否定句中，have有 容忍”之意。例句：I won t have you speaking to you dad like that)；2 听(listen to, hear) :1 感5. 吾看三室两厅一感觉 M5 看(look at, see, watch, notice, observe ) ；3 使(make, let, have,觉(feel)。在主动态中宾补用不带to的不定式，但在被动态中要还原to.例句：I hate to see you leave so soon.Someone was heard to come up the stairs

21、除let, make夕卜，以上动词还可用现在分词做宾补。此外find, catch, keep, leave (+4)同。Eg:He was caught stealingI am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time练习题：1. At that moment I saw him (cross) the road2. I was glad to see the children well (take) care of.3. A cook will be immediaely fired if he is found _ (smo

22、ke) in the kichen.4 He went away without saying anything, (leave) us (stand) outside5. Mr. Brown was much disappointed to se the washing machine she had (repair) went wrong again.6. I wonder if this is the computer you want to have it _(repair)7. Children s being addicted to the Internet gets their

23、parents (worry)8 At that time, I found him (cry) in the street。五：做定语1. 不定式做定语1).做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，后要加相应的介词。Eg: The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.注：如不定式修饰的名词是time, place或way时，其后介词省去。Eg:He had no money and no place to live (in)2. 不定式做定语的几种情况。1).不定式表将來Eg：The car to be bought is for his siste

24、r2) .用來修饰被序数词，最高级，或no, all, any等限定的中心词。Eg：He was the best man to do the job3) 用來修饰的词是抽象名词时，常有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, reason, time等等Eg：Do you have the ability to read and write in English?I have no chance to go swimming3. 不定式的一般被动式(to be done),表被动、将來；过去分词(done),表被动、完成或状态；和现在分词的一般彼动式doin

25、g ),表被动、正在进 being 行。1) The question to be disc ussed at tomorrow s meeting is a very important one2) Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students3) Have you read the novel written by Dickens?3. 分词做定语：Ving表正在进行，过去分词表已经完成。boiling water iF在沸腾的水falling leaves正在下落的叶子boiled water烧开过的水fall

26、en leaves已经落下的叶子练习题：1. Do you know the boy (lie) under the big tree?2. The speech which he made (concern) the football match bored a lot of fans to death3. If the building project _ (complete) by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined4. To fetch water before breakfa

27、st seemed to him a rule never (break)六：做状语1. 不定式做状语Eg: Jim had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music(表目的)To look at him, you would like him.(表条件)表结果时常用，too. to. ., enough. . to. ., only to 等结构。He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.(表另人失塑的结果)某些形容制，表喜，怒，哀

28、，乐的做表语后接的不定式表原 因。Eg： I am very glad to see you.在表目的强调时，可用in order to/so as to +动原，后者不能置丁句首。Eg： He got up early in order to catch the first bus2. 分词做状语原则：此时，分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，II分词必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主动或者是被动关系。否则不能使用分词做状语。Doing表主动/正在进行，having done表先谓语发生的主动；done表被动：being done表与谓语同时发生的被动；having been done表先F谓

29、语 发生的被动。Eg： Coming into the room, he found his father angry.（时间状语）Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautifu 1(条件状语)Being tired, they went on working(让步状语)Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry.(原因状语)注：与not连用时，通常-ing形式。Eg：Not being invited, he has to stay at

30、 home.3. 独立成分做状语(形式不受上下文的影响的分词或不定式)含义：常见的有:generally speaking 一般來说，frankly speaking 坦白的说；judging from/by 根据.来判断； considering. . /taking into consideration 考虑到;to tell the truth 说实话；seeing.考虑到;supposing 即使，如果；providing 女口果:saving 除了，除非；assuming 假使：admitting 虽说；given 女口果；provide that 女口果；compare to/with 与相比: Judging from his accent, he is from the south.Generally speaking, the more expensive th camera, the better its quality