英语读音规则(详细)

1、英语读音规则(详细)元音字母及辅音字母读音规则字母组合读音规则词缀、词性与读音重音节规律语句中的读音英汉差异美式英语和英式英语差异 巧记读音规则1996年NMET语音试题仍是5道单项选择题，形式和1995年完全相同。语音试题主要考查学生的单词辨音能力。近年来高考语音试题中，元音字母及其组合的读音占3/5，辅音字母及其组合的读音占2/5，说明元音字母及其组合的读音是考查重点，但辅音字母及其组合也不能忽视，现就中学课本中所出现的读音规则、一些单词的特殊读音等归纳如下：一、元音字母读音规则1元音字母a在重读开音节中读/ei/例如make，name等；a在重读闭音节中读/，例如map，that等。其他

2、主要情况有如下几种：（1） 在非重读相对开音节中，a的发音：（2）a的后面是ss，st，sk，sp，th，f，n时，则读/a:/。例：class，pass，task，grasp，chance，plant，cast，after，path，但entrance中的a发/音。（3）any，many，ate中的a发/e/音。a在闭音节中，前面是辅音/w/时读作/7:/，例：want，warm，warn（4）ar常读/a:/，例：yard，carpet，garment，farm；但在辅音/w/ 之后常读作/:/，例：war，warm，warn（6）字母组合are常读/3/音，例如：bare，hare，ca

3、re，glare，dare。字母组合al辅音字母时，al常读/:/，但在shall中al读/；在half，calm中发/a:/音。2元音字母e在重读开音节中，读/ i: /，例：we，be，these，e在重读闭音节中读/e/，例：help，member，then，beg；但在arithmetic中，e发/音，元音字母e的字母组合读音：（4）eer常读/i/，例：deer，cheer，pioneer，engineer，volunteer（志愿者）。（5）字母组合ex的读音规则：a以字母组合ex开头的词，若ex后接一个元音字母且重音不落在第一个音节上，则ex的发音为/igz/。例如：exact，

4、exam，example，exist。b以字母组合ex开头的词，若ex后接一个辅音字母，且重音不落在第一个音节上，则ex读/iks/。例：excuse，expect，exchange，except，experience，experi-ment，explain，expose，express，expression，expensive，extend，extraordinary。c以字母组合ex开头的词，无论ex后跟着什么字母，只要重音（包括次重音）落在第一个音节上，则ex的发音即为/eks/。例：exercise，expert（专家，能手），extra（额外的），exhibition。3元音字母i在

5、重读开音节中读/ai/，例如：nice，drive，quite，line，polite，apologize，wise。i在重读闭音节中读/i/，例如：arithmetic，benefit，habit，English，equip。（1）字母组合ie一般读/i：/，例：piece，field，thief，achieve；有时读/ai/，例：lie，die；但friend/frend/，review/rivju：/，quiet/kwait/例外。（2）字母i在climb，flight，fight，blind，kind，mind，find，frightful，design，sign，wild等含有ig

6、h，ign，ind，ild的词中，i发/ai/。（3）April，impossible中的i发/。（4）pencil，business，medicine中的i不发音。（5）在quiet，society，empire，entire，violin，diary，lion，wire，tire，giant，dialogue中元音字母i的字母组合读音均为/ai/。（6）字母组合ai在重读时一般发/ei/，但在captain，mountain，portrait，foun-tain中的ai发/i/，在curtain中的ai不发音。4元音字母o在重读开音节中读/u/。例：whole，home，rope，hope

7、；在重读闭音节中，读/，例：foreign，dollar，borrow，forehead，cost，tomorrow，common，province，model，modern，cough，forest，honour，proverb，probably，promise，beyond，modest，honest，stocking；但在improve中的o读/u：/。（1）在post，most，clothes，both，host，progress，total，wont，soldier，gold，robot，poster，roll，control，scold，hotel等词中的o发/u/音。（2）o在n

8、，m，v，th之前常读/，例：month，front，son，ton，none，tongue，wonder，dozen，among，above，comfort。（3）在tomb中的o发/u：/。（4）字母组合oo在一般情况下读/u：/，例：shoot，loose，pool，moon，choose，balloon，smooth，cool，food，fool，school，tooth。但在k前，有时在t，d前，由它们构成的合成词、派生词中均发/u/，例：cook，good，foot，look，wood，stood，took。book在由room构成的合成词中也发/u/；但应注意例外，例：blood

9、，flood中的oo读/。（5）字母组合or在辅音/w/之后一般读/：/，例：word，worm，world，work，worth，worthy，worse，worst，worship。（6）以字母o开头的词中o的读音：（7）字母组合ow的读音：（8）字母组合ou的读音：5元音字母u在重读开音节中读/ju：/。例：refuse，use，amuse，diffuse；在重读闭音中读/，例：bus，bump，suddenly，hundred，suffer，funny，study。（1）r，l，j等加u的开音节中，u读/u：/，例：blue，conclude，truth，truly，salute，ru

10、le，June。（2）u在ll，sh之前，在f，p，b之后读/u/，例：full，push，pull，sugar，bullet，bush。（3）在difficulty，suggest，supply，success，industry，column，support中的u发/。（4）在busy，minute，business中的u发/i/；但在guest，bury中的u读/e/。（5）字母组合ur常发/：/音，例：burden，turn，burst，curtain，curl，fur，furnish，nursery，furl，furniture（家具）。二、辅音字母读音规则1字母b一般读/b/，但在c

11、limb，comb，tomb，debt，doubt中位于m后或t前，这时b不发音。2字母n发/n/，例：fine，cent；词尾是mn时，n一般不发音，例：autumn，col-umn；字母n在/k/、/g/ 音前发/ /，例：thank，language，bank，anxious，English。3字母组合ng在词中时，一般发/ g/，例：longer，stronger，language，但在engineer，danger，change，orange之中的ng却读/nd/。但sing变为singer时，却读作/si /。4-sian，-cian，-sion，-tion的读音（1）词尾-sia

12、n，-cian读/n/，这样的词主要有：Asian，ussian，Prussian，musi-cian等。（2）词尾tion（sion）发/（）n/，例：education/edju（：）kein /，discussion等；但-tion在字母s后发/tn/，这样的词主要有：question，suggestion；-sion在元音字母后发/n/，主要有：conclusion，decision，revision，television等。5wh在一般情况下读/hw/，例：white，wheat等，但wh在o前却读/h/，例：who，whom，whose，whole。8字母组合ch一般读/t/，但在

13、源出希腊语的单词ache，character，chemical，chemist，chemistry，school，stomach，technical，technique，technology中，ch发/k/。而在moustache中的ch读/。9qu读/kw/，例：require，quick。10以“ths”或“ths”结尾词的读音（1）在长元音和双元音后，“ths”或“ths”读作/z/。例：path/pa：/paths/pa：z/bath/ba：/baths/ba：z/mouth/mau/mouths/mauz/（2）在短元音或辅音（包括rth）后，ths或ths读作/s/。例：month

14、s/mns/，lengths/les/births/b：s/，breaths/bres/（3）英语中有少数词中的ths既可读/s/又可读作/z/。三、由于词形变化、同源词音节增减而引起读音变化字母组合gh的读音规则gh字母组合的读音在中学英语课本中归纳起来主要有“发音”和“不发音”两种情况。一、gh在下列三种情况下发音1gh在词首时，读作/g/。例：ghost/gust/2词首为字母1，且后跟字母组合augh时，gh读作/f/。例：laugh/laa：:;f/，laughter/laa：:ft/3词尾为字母组合ough时，gh读作/f/。例：enough /inf/，cough/kf/，rou

15、gh/rf/，tough/tf/二、gh在下列五种情况下不发音1gh在元音字母i后不发音。例：bright/brait/，fight/fait/，frighten/fraitn/，high/hai/，light/lait/，might/mait/，night/nait/，right/rait/，sight/sait/，slight/slait/2gh在元音字母组合ei和ai后不发音。例：eight/eit/，eighth/eit/，neighbor/neib/，straight/streit/，weigh/wei/，weight/weit/3gh在字母组合ought中不发音。例：bought/

16、b：t/，brought/br：t/，fought/f：t/，thought/：t/4字母组合augh前面不是1时，gh不发音。caught/k：t/，daughter/d：t/，naught/n：t/，naughty/n：ti/，taught/t：t/5词尾为ough的词，如以上所述，有的发/f/，但有时也不发音。例：although/：lu/，plough/plau/，through/ru：/，though/u/，thorough/r/注意：若gh不是字母组合，而是分属于前后两个不同的音节时，不适合以上规则。例：dininghall/dainih：l/字母组合th的读音规则现就中学英语课本

17、中出现的含有字母组合th的单词，进行分类归纳，对其在单词中的读音总结以下几条。1在th后以字母-er结尾的单词中，th读浊辅音/J/。例：altogether/：ltgeJ/，farther/fa J/，feather/fe J/，whether/we J/，either/ai J/，gather/g J/2一般情况下，在代词、冠词、介词、连词或副词中的字母组合th，读浊辅音/J/。例：within/wiJin/，without/wiJaut/，these/Ji：z/，therefore/Jf：/，al-though/：lJu/，those/ J uz/，the/ J/，thus/ Js/发音

18、特殊的单词：through/ru：/，throughout/ru：aut/3字母组合th在数词（包括基数词和序数词）中读清辅音/。例：three/ri：/，thirty/：ti/，thirteen/：ti：n/，third/ ：d/，fourth/f ：/，fiftieth/fiftii /，thousand/auznd/，hundredth/hndrd/4除上述单词外，一般位于词首的th读/。例：theatre/it/，thick/ik/，thin/in/，throat/rut/，theory/iri/，thrust/rst/，thread/red/，thorough/r/，Thursday

19、/：zdi/5以th结尾的单词，th读清辅音/。例：truth/tru：/，worth/w ：/，breath/bre/，both/bu/，cloth/kl/，path/pa ：/，wealth/wel/，length/le/，strength/stre/发音特殊的单词，例：smooth/smu：J/6在复合词中，th的读音与在原词中的读音相同。例：something / smi/，anything/enii/，nothing/ni/还有前面提到的within，without等。7其他无规则可循的词分列如下：maths/ms/，arithmetic/rimtik/，clothing/kluJi

20、/，clothes/kluJz/，southern/sJn/，northern/n ：Jn，worthy/w：Ji/，author/：/，sympathy/simpi/与/g/的读音区别位于词中间的字母组合ng，有时读作/ /，有时读作/ g/。例：singer/si /，ringing/ri i /，anger/g/，stronger/str g/。这种ng什么情况下读作/ /，什么情况下读作/ g/呢？其规律是：1ng位于词的中部，ng后边的部分本来就是该词的一部分，而不是根据某种变化需要加的后缀。这时ng读作/ g/。例：finger/fi g/，hunger/h g/，hungry/h

21、gry/，linger/ling/，England/i glnd/，English/i gli/，Hungary/hgri/，language/l gwid/，lingual/li gwl/，distinguish/disti gwi/2以ng结尾的形容词变比较级和最高级加-er或-est后，词中的ng读作/ g/。longer/lg/，longest/l gist/，stronger/str g/，strongest/strgist/，younger/j g/，youngest/jgist/3以ng结尾的动词和名词因某种变化需要加上后缀后，词中的ng仍读作/ /。例：things/i z/，

22、singer/si /，hanger/h /，hanged/h d/，singing/si i /，ringing/ri i /，clinging/kli i /4如果一个词既可作动词（或名词），又可作形容词，它作动词或名词时加后缀以后，词中的ng仍读作/ /；它作形容词时加-er或-est后词中的ng读作/ g/。例：long（v渴望）longing/l i /，long（a长的）longer/l g/-（e）s和-（e）d的读音规则 一、大部分可数名词的复数及动词第三人称单数的一般现在式，是以-（e）s结尾的，如：moths，glasses；digs，teaches等。其读法是：1在清辅音

23、后读/s/。例：months/mns/，cakes/keiks/，stops/stps/，laughs/la :fs/2在浊辅音及元音后读/z/。例：girls/g：lz/，pictures/piktz/，potatoes/pteitz/，reads/ri：dz/，digs/digz/，cries/kraiz/3在/s/、/z/、/、/t/、/d/等音后-es发/iz/。例：glasses/gla：siz/，bridges/bridiz/，noses/nuziz/，teaches/ti：tiz/，wash-es/wiz/请注意下面这些词单复数的发音变化：house/haus/houses/ha

24、uziz/，mouth/mau/mouths/mauJz/二、规则动词的过去式和过去分词中的-（e）d读法是：1在清辅音（/t/除外）后读/t/。例：asked/a：skt/，helped/helpt/，watched/wtt/，laughed/la：ft/2在浊辅音（/d/除外）和元音后读/d/。例：livd/lived/，planned/plnd/，pulled/puld/；tired/taid/3在/t/、/d/后读/id/。例：wanted/wntid/，sounded/saundid/_s发/s/的读音规则 字母s的读音有/s/、/z/、/、/这几种，下面主要讲讲发/s/音的几条规则

25、。一、s在词首时，除了sugar，sure以及sh组合发/以外，其余一般发/s/。例：surface/s：fis/，serve/s：v/，seven/sevn/，six/siks/，some/sm/，sign/sain/比较：design/dizain/一般前缀，合成词不影响其读音。s仍读成/s/。例：unsafe/nseif/，unsatisfactory/ntisfkttri/，roadside/rudsaid/，teaspoon/ti：spu：n/，snowstorm/snust：m/二、两个s在词尾时读作/s/。例：grass，glass，address，press，success，p

26、ass，miss，stress，across，swiss，puss，progress，process，kiss三、词尾s在u后读作/s/。例：bus/bs/，us/s/，minus/mains/，abacus/bks/，plus/pls/，status/steits/，virus/vairs/四、在sis组合的弱读中，两个s都读作/s/。例：emphasis/emfsis/，analysis=nlsis/，thesis/：sis/，crisis/kraisis/五、s在字母c前常读作/s/。例：muscle/msl/，discipline/disiplin/，science/sains/六、s

27、在某些前后缀中读作/s/。1在前缀mis-，dis-中，s读作/s/。例：mismanage/?mismniDN/，misjudge/?misDNDN/，misbelieve/?misbil：v/，disorder/dis：d/，disobey/disdei/2在后缀sive，sity，self，-some，-sy中，s读作/s/。例：expensive/ikspensiv/，intensive/intensiv/，decisive/disaisiv/yourself/j：self/，handsome/hnsm/，troublesome/trblsm/，tiresome/taism/，quar

28、relsome/kwrlsm/七、s在清辅音前后常读作/s/。1s在清辅音前常读作/s/。例：honest/：nist/，newspaper/nju:?speip/，task/ta：sk/，satisfy/stisfai/，grasp/gra：sp/2s在清辅音后常读作/s/。例：sportsman/sp：tsmn/，works/w：ks/，stops/stps/，roofs/ru:fs/八、词尾se在字母r，l，n后读作/s/。例：horse/h：s/，nurse/n：s/，worse/w：s/，course/k：s/，universe/ju:nivs/，pulse/pls/，else/el

29、s/，tense/tens/，sense/sens/读/ei/音的字母（组合）规则 1a在开音节中读/ei/。例：face/feis/，plane/plein/。再如：place race space grade trade age page cake shake lake make take wake snakepale tale sale game lame name shame same shape tape phase Kate fate hate date gatelate state skate plate cave save wave slave brave baby lady

30、lazy paper nature Asia abletable native awake mistake translate persuade potato2a在tion前读/ei/。例：nation/nein/，station/stein/。再如：relation situation graduation education population information operation libera-tion celebration pronunciation congratulation examination imagination3ai读作/ei/。例：maid/meid/，re

31、main/rimein/。再如：例：wait waist strait straight raise praise tail fail sail nail rail aim pain chainmain gain rain plain train grain brain paint dail mainly railway waiter tailor sailorfailure4ay读作/ei/。例：spray/sprei/，bayonet/beinit/。再如：day hay lay play may ay pay way stay gray tray maybe daytime daylig

32、ht play-ground today delay away5eigh读作/ei/。例：eight/eit/，freight/freit/。再如：eighth weigh weight eighty neighbour6ey读作/ei/。例：grey/grei/，hey/hei/，they/Jei/，obey/bei/7a在nge前读/ei/。例：change/teind/，strange/streind/，stranger/streind/，danger/deind/，dangerous/deindrs/8在以下单词中，ea读/ei/。例：break/breik/，great/greit/

33、_读/!：/音的字母（组合）规则 1e在开音节中读/!：/。例：be/b!：/，metre/m!：t/。再如：he she me we eve these scene Negro Chinese complete Japanese kilometre ap-preciate2ea常读作/!：/。例：lead/l!：d/，scream/skr!：m/。再如：sea tea cheap eat seat heat beat meat neat wheat treat peace east beast leastweak speak leaf each teach reach lead read l

34、eague leave weave please pleased breathedeal meal steal team steam stream dream lean clean mean easy teacher leader eagerweaver speaker season reason meaning repeat defeat increase easily European reason-able3ee读作/!：/。例：feel/f!：l/，sleep/sl!：p/。再如：see bee knee flee free three keep sheep deep jeep wee

35、p sweep sheet meet sweepstreet week speech feed seed deed need speed sleeve freeze reel steel seem queengreen screen feeling freel freedom freezing meeting indeed between seventeen4ie读作/!：/。例：piece/p!：s/，thief/!：f/。再如：field，belief，believe，achieve，achievement5在辅音字母s，c后面，ei读/!：/。例：seize/s!：z/，ceiling/

36、s!：li/，receive/ris!：v/6在一些单词中，i读如e的长元音，即/!：/。例：police/pl!：s/，technique/teknk/，machine/m!：n/，magazine/mgz!：n/7字母组合eo中的o往往不发音而读作/!：/。例：people/p!：pl/。读/ai/音的字母（组合）规则 1字母i在开音节中读/ai/。例：slide/slaid/，tiny/taini/。再如： ice nice rice twice price side hide ride wide pride life knife wife bike like ikestrike pip

37、e wipe kite white write quite five drive dive pile mile while smile time finepine shine line mine nine wine Friday ninety China writer driver silence recite exciteinvite polite unite advice surprise besides decide aside arrive behind bicycle dialogueexcite unite2在in，igh，ind，ild等字母组合中，i读作/ai/。例：high/

38、hai/，kind/kaind/。再如：tight fight sight light might night right slight flight bright sign climb child wildfind mind blind ninth tightly slightly fighter frighten childhood kindness tonight de-sign_读/u/音的字母（组合）规则 1o在开音节中读作/u /。例：go/gu/，photo/futu/。再如：go no hope rope note chock joke smoke role close glo

39、be stove nose rose thoseclose pole hole whole home stone bone total noble programme notice ago hello alonedevote suppose2oa读作/u/。例：soap/sup/，coat/kut/。再如：boat goat float throat coast road coal roadside3ou有时读作/u/。例：soul shoulder although though4ow有时读/u/。例：show/u/，low/lu/。再如：know row flow slow blow sn

40、ow throw grow bowl own slowly lower owner注意：ow在词尾的非重读音节中也读/u/。如：arrow/ru/，narrow/nru/，sparrow borrow sorrow fellow yellow shallowwindow5在ld和st前，o读作/u/。例：old cold hold scold gold post most soldier读/ ju:/音的字母（组合）规则 1u在开音节中读/ ju: /。例：use（n）/ju:s/，use（v）/ju:z/，refuse/rifju:z/。再如：huge Tuesday duty suger

41、future reduce produce excuse universe introduce注意：在少数单词的非重读音节中，u读作/ju:/或/ju/。如：communism/kmjunizm/，communist/kmjunist/，institute/institju:t/，unite/ju:nait/，value/vlju:/2字母组合ui有时读/ju:/。例：suit/sju:t/。3ew有时读/ju:/。例：few/fju:/，new/nju:/，news/nju:z/，newspaper/nju:speip/，newsreel/nju:zrl/读/u:/音的字母（组合）规则 1u

42、在开音节中有时读作/u:/。例：rule/ru:l/，June/du:n/。再如：true blue rude salute pollute conclude include revolutionary2co读作/u:/。例：too/tu:/，choose/tu:z/。再如：zoo troop shoot boot root loose tooth food smooth pool tool cool fool school roomsoon moon noon foolish schoolboy schoolgirl foolishly schoolmaster3ou有时读作/u:/。例：g

43、roup/gru:p/，through/ru:/。再如：youth route wound wounded4在开音节中，o有时读作/u:/。例：do/du:/，who/hu:/，whose/hu:z/，lose/lu:z/，move/mu:v/，prove/pru:v/5ew有时读作/u:/。例：Jew/du:/，jewel/du:/，chew/tu:/，crew/kru:/6oe在词末，有时读作/u:/。例：shoe/u，canoe/knu:/读/音的字母（组合）规则 1a在闭音节中读/。例：back/bk/，flash/fl/。再如：cap map wrap cat fat hat bat

44、 rat that flat Jack back black track tax gas masscatch hatch match snatch ash add sad bad mad glad bag rag flag drag shall camplamp stamp fan can man plan ant sand hand land stand grand hang thank bank rankFrank gather travel jacket habit rapid practice plastic plastics Paris captain action ab-sent

45、camel candle planet blanket mankind handsome grandson angry anger thankfulanxious perhaps exact satellite satisfy passenger family handwriting handkerchief ex-actly imagine understand reality2在ll，mm，nn，pp，rr，tt前面，a有时读作/。例：scatter/skt/，marry/mri/。再如：valley shallow ally Allan challenge hammer grammar

46、manner channel bannerapple happy happen carry arrow narrow sparrow carriage barrel matter cattle battle读/e/音的字母（组合）规则 1e在闭音节中读/ e /。例：bed/bed/，spend/spend/。再如：step set debt get jet let net wet yet check neck yes flesh fresh pest test chestbest rest west desk left text next bed red Fred egg beg leg h

47、elp them pen ten henthen when fetch bench French end send bend lend spend length strength very everclever whether never expert desert metal special western question second elder help-ful seldom welcome empty member empire temple chemist Henry gently plentytwenty enter centre entrance splendid upset

48、forget accept inspect protect elect collectcorrect connect direct suggest hotel myself percent invent attend separate separatelyrecognize exercise technical yesterday February medical chemical chemistry memorycentury gentleman connected directly direction correctly however forever togetherNovember e

49、xpensive attention invention attentively development America2e在ll前读/e/。例：bell/bel/，tell/tel/。再如：smell sell shell well fellow yellow rebellion spell spelling umbrella3e在nn前读/e/。例：penny/peni/，Jenny/deni/，tennis/tenis/4e在rr前读/e/。例：merry/meri/，errand/ernd/，terrible/teribl/，terrify/terifai/5e在ss前读/e/。例：l

50、ess/les/，dress/dres/。再如：essay depression message possession press pressure procession progress lessonsuccess express oppress impress address unless professor successful expression6e在tt前读/e/。例：Betty better letter settle7ea有时读/e/。例：head/hed/，instead/insted/。再如：sweat deaf death breath dead thread bread

51、 spread health wealth ready healthyweather measure pleasure haven peasant breakfast ahead instead already读/e/音的字母（组合）规则 1e在闭音节中读/ e /。例：bed/bed/，spend/spend/。再如：step set debt get jet let net wet yet check neck yes flesh fresh pest test chestbest rest west desk left text next bed red Fred egg beg leg

52、 help them pen ten henthen when fetch bench French end send bend lend spend length strength very everclever whether never expert desert metal special western question second elder help-ful seldom welcome empty member empire temple chemist Henry gently plentytwenty enter centre entrance splendid upse

53、t forget accept inspect protect elect collectcorrect connect direct suggest hotel myself percent invent attend separate separatelyrecognize exercise technical yesterday February medical chemical chemistry memorycentury gentleman connected directly direction correctly however forever togetherNovember

54、 expensive attention invention attentively development America2e在ll前读/e/。例：bell/bel/，tell/tel/。再如：smell sell shell well fellow yellow rebellion spell spelling umbrella3e在nn前读/e/。例：penny/peni/，Jenny/deni/，tennis/tenis/4e在rr前读/e/。例：merry/meri/，errand/ernd/，terrible/teribl/，terrify/terifai/5e在ss前读/e/。例：less/les/，dress/dres/。再如：essay depression message possession press pressure procession progress lessonsuccess express oppress impress address unless professor successful expression6e在tt前读/e/。例：Betty better letter settle7ea