中国文化英语教程Unit_

1、 Unit 10 The Great Wall p Lead-in p Text study p Exercises Content Lead-in Do you know the New Seven Wonders of the World? What are they? Lead-in The Great Wall of China（长城（长城） Lead-in Petra, Jordan（约旦佩特拉古城）（约旦佩特拉古城） Lead-in Christ Redeemer, Brazil（巴西基督像（巴西基督像） Lead-in Machu Picchu, Peru（秘鲁马丘比丘遗址（秘鲁

2、马丘比丘遗址 ） Lead-in Chichen Itza, Mexico （墨西哥（墨西哥奇琴伊察奇琴伊察） Lead-in The Roman Colosseum, Italy （意大利古罗马斗兽场意大利古罗马斗兽场） Lead-in Taj Mahal（印度泰姬陵印度泰姬陵） p Introduction p Aspiration for Peace p Separation and Integration p Spirit of the Great Wall Text study p Wonder of the Great Wall Introduction Through more

3、than 2,000 years from the seventh century BC to the 16th century AD, 19 dynasties built parts of the Great Wall, adding up to over 100,000 kilometers. Introduction The Great Wall of today is mainly the legacy of the Ming-dynasty renovations. Three major renovations (修复修复) of the Great Wall took plac

4、e in the Qin (221-206 BC), Han (206 BC- AD 220), and Ming dynasties. Introduction With many gaps along the Wall, the 600-kilometer- long section in the northern outskirts (市郊) of Beijing is the best preserved. It meanders (蜿蜒) for 6,700 kilometers from Jiayu Pass in the western desert to Shanhai Pas

5、s on the eastern seashore. Aspiration for Peace The Great Wall is unparalleled in the world in: Scale Span of construction Great quantities of labor Degree of difficulty Aspiration for Peace Why did the Chinese build the Great Wall? During the reign of the First Emperor of Qin, one out of every 20 p

6、eople took part in this project. There must be a reason for this ancient nation to build such a wall over a time span of more than 2,000 years. Military defense in the age of cold steel Protection for the southerners from being attacked by the northerners Aspiration for Peace Military defense in the

7、 age of cold steel The earliest parts of the Great Wall were built amid incessant wars. Suffering from the devastating damage of wars, people realized that building a wall to protect lives was better than burying the dead in trenches (深沟). Aspiration for Peace “北筑长城而守藩篱，却匈奴七百余里，胡人不敢南下而牧马。” 新书过秦 “建塞徼

8、、起亭燧、筑外城，设屯戍以守之，然后边境得用少安。” 汉书匈奴传 “筑长城，自代并阴山下，至高阙为塞” 史记匈奴列传 We can see the military defense of the Great Wall from the following sentences: Aspiration for Peace Protection for the southerners from being attacked by the northerners The Great Wall prevented northern peoples on horseback from attacking

9、people in the south who were mostly engaged in farming. It provided the cultivators with a sense of security as well as actual protection, so they could till their lands and harvest their crops in peace. Aspiration for Peace “大兴师征之，则遁逃伏慝，不可得而诛也；师还则寇钞又起； 留卒戍守，则劳费不资，故惟有筑长城以防之。” “然则长城之筑，所以省戍役，防寇钞，休兵而息民

10、者也。” We can see the protection of the Great Wall from the following sentences: Separation and Integration 长城敌楼长城敌楼 An observation and defense tower on the Great Wall Separation and Integration The geographic structure and climatic patterns of China has led to the development of two distinct cultures

11、 from ancient times. The south, with arable (可耕的) land and a warm climate, was suited for agriculture. The north, with pastoral (畜牧的) land and a cold climate, was suited for animal husbandry (饲养业). Separation and Integration The limited and unstable output of animal husbandry made it necessary for t

12、he northern peoples to depend on the agricultural goods of the southern peoples. Historically, invasions of the south by nomadic (游牧的) peoples of the north were often more out of necessity than the desire for expansion. Separation and Integration The Great Wall provided an effective defense line. Th

13、e Wall protected the agricultural economy and advanced the mode of production in the south. At the same time, it forced the northern peoples to give up plundering (掠夺) the south and to develop their own civilization. Separation and Integration The great significance of the Great Wall in the developm

14、ent of Chinese civilization： “Seen from today, if it had not been for the protection of the Great Wall, Chinese civilization would have been interrupted by the northern peoples in the late Qin or early Han dynasties, long before the Song and Ming dynasties. In that case, there would not have been th

15、e prosperity of the Han and Tang dynasties, or the integration of southern and northern peoples.” Sun Yat-sen Separation and Integration The Great Wall as a new economic structure： In time, economic zones came into being along the Great Wall, especially at its several dozen passes, where people from

16、 both sides carried out economic and cultural exchanges. For a long time in history, the agricultural economy in the south and the pastoral economy in the north complemented and depended on each other through such exchanges. Spirit of the Great Wall 慕田峪长城一段慕田峪长城一段 Part of the Mutianyu section of the

17、 Great Wall, in the northern suburbs of Beijing Spirit of the Great Wall The hardships involved in building the Great Wall are beyond imagination. Numerous people had to leave their homes and families to go north, where they toiled for years. Many lost their lives on the worksites, over a period of

18、more than 2,000 years. Spirit of the Great Wall The Legend of Lady Mengjiang Spirit of the Great Wall The heartbroken Lady Mengjiang cried for three days and nights until the Great Wall collapsed one section after another. Spirit of the Great Wall The Great Wall has become a symbol of consolidation

19、and strength for the Chinese people. It symbolizes that great achievement can be made with a common will and concerted effort. Spirit of the Great Wall The national anthem, composed during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1937-1945), called on the people to “build our new Great Wal

20、l with our flesh and blood”. Can you cite an example of the spirit of the Great Wall? Wonder of the Great Wall Have you ever been to the Great Wall? What is your impression? Wonder of the Great Wall 清平乐清平乐六盘山六盘山 天高云淡，天高云淡， 望断南飞雁。望断南飞雁。 不到长城非好汉，不到长城非好汉， 屈指行程二万。屈指行程二万。 六盘山上高峰，六盘山上高峰， 红旗漫卷西风。红旗漫卷西风。 今日

21、长缨在手，今日长缨在手， 何时缚住苍龙？何时缚住苍龙？ 毛泽东毛泽东 Wonder of the Great Wall The Simatai section built near Beijing in the Ming Dynasty best represents the undulating (起伏的) and thythmic flow of the Great Wall. As a popular saying has it, Simatai epitomizes (代表) the wonder of the Great Wall for being the most precipi

22、tous (陡峻的) part of it. Word tips The Simatai section：司马台长城司马台长城 独具独具“险、密、奇、巧、全险、密、奇、巧、全”五大特点，位于北京市密云县东北部五大特点，位于北京市密云县东北部 的古北口镇，是我国唯一保留明代原貌的古建筑遗址。的古北口镇，是我国唯一保留明代原貌的古建筑遗址。 Wonder of the Great Wall 司马台长城 A precipitous part of the Simatai section of the Great Wall Wonder of the Great Wall Wonder of the

23、Great Wall Wonder of the Great Wall Wonder of the Great Wall The most breathtaking parts of the Simatai section are called Cloud Ladder and Heavenly Bridge. The Cloud Ladder is much narrower than the normal width of the Wall (three-to-five meters on average), the narrowest part being only half a met

24、er wide. Up at the top of the Cloud Ladder, one comes to the Heavenly Bridge, the 100-meter-long narrow belt of wall on the mountain ridge, with deep valleys on either side. Wonder of the Great Wall The highest point of the Simatai section is Wangjing Tower (望京楼), at an altitude of 986 meters. From

25、here, one can capture a panoramic (全景的) overview of the Great Wall stretching and winding into the east and west. Exercises p Comprehension p Communication p Application Comprehension I. Skimming and Scanning Go through the passage quickly and judge whether the following statements are true (T) or f

26、alse (F) according to the passage. _ 1) The construction of the Great Wall took more than 2,000 years and involved 19 states. _ 2) The driving force for building the Great Wall is to protect lives and peace from wars. _ 3) In history, the northern peoples were mostly engaged in farming. F T F Compre

27、hension _ 4) The Great Wall provided an effective shelter for the southern troops against the northern cavalry. _5) The Great Wall posed a barrier to the communication between the north and the south. _6) The spirit of the Great Wall is that of “a common will and concerted effort”. T T T Comprehensi

28、on _7) Blockhouses, garrison towns, passes built at strategic points, and beacon towers are mentioned to show the magnificence and variety of the Great Wall. _8) Wangjing Tower is one of the best places to appreciate the beauty of Beijing City. T F Comprehension II. Careful Reading 1. Read the passa

29、ge carefully and answer the following questions briefly. 1) How long is the Great Wall at present? 2) In which respects is the Great Wall unparalleled? The Great Wall is as long as 6,700 kilometers. The Great Wall is unparalleled in its scale and span of construction, as well as in the great quantit

30、ies of labor and the degree of difficulty involved. Comprehension 3) What are Sun Yat-sens quotations used to demonstrate in Paragraph 8? Sun Yat-sens quotations are used in the text to illustrate the great significance of the Great Wall in the development of Chinese civilization. Comprehension 5) W

31、hat does the Legend of Lady Mengjiang symboliz? The Legend of Lady Mengjiang symbolizes the sufferings of the people due to the construction of the Great Wall and their hatred for the tyrannical First Emperor of Qin. 4) What does “a new economic structure” refer to in the last sentence of Paragraph

32、9? “A new economic structure” in the last sentence of Paragraph 9 probably refers to the enhancing of agricultural economy in the south and the pastoral economy in the north, and the exchange between the two. Comprehension 2. Read Paragraph 5 and fill in the following table. Comprehension Key： Compr

33、ehension 3. Put each of the following into English and then compare your translation with that in the passage. 1) 众志成城。 Efforts joined by many can build the Great Wall. 2) 把我们的血肉，筑成我们新的长城。 Build our new Great Wall with our flesh and blood. Comprehension 3) 由今观之，倘无长城之捍卫，则中国亡于北狄，不待宋明而在楚汉时代 矣。如是则中国民族必无

34、汉唐之发展昌大而同化南北之种族也。 Seen from today, if it had not been for the protection of the Great Wall, Chinese civilization would have been interrupted by the northern peoples in the late Qin or early Han dynasties, long before the Song and Ming dynasties. In that case, there would not have been the prosperity

35、 of the Han and Tang dynasties, or the integration of southern and northern peoples. Communication Lady Mengjiang is a widespread legend about the Great Wall. Songs, plays and operas based on the story have been popular throughout the history of China. A number of temples have been built in memory o

36、f her, one of which at Shanhaiguan still remains in Good condition today. Tell the story of Lady Mengjiang to an oversea student in your class. Application Write a passage on Badaling section of the Great Wall. The following information is for your reference. 1. most visited; 2. approximately 80 km

37、(50 miles), northwest of urban Beijing City in Yanqing County; 3. built during the Ming Dynasty; 4. highest point of Badaling is Beibalou, approximately l,015 m (0.63 miles) above sea level. Unit 10 The Great Wall Introduction The Great Wall of today is mainly the legacy of the Ming-dynasty renovati

38、ons. Three major renovations (修复修复) of the Great Wall took place in the Qin (221-206 BC), Han (206 BC- AD 220), and Ming dynasties. Aspiration for Peace Military defense in the age of cold steel The earliest parts of the Great Wall were built amid incessant wars. Suffering from the devastating damage of wars, people realized that building a wall to protect lives was better than burying the dead in trenches (深沟). Spirit of the Great Wall 慕田峪长城一段慕田峪长城一段 Part of the Mutianyu section of the Great