中国文化教程Unit23

1、Unit 23 Life with Fragrant Tea n Lead-in n Text study n Exercises Content Lead-in 武夷山茶园武夷山茶园 Tea plantationTea plantation at at WuyiWuyi Mountain Mountain Do you know the story of Dahongpao tea? Lead-in Lead-in Additional Info 传说古时候有一穷秀才上京赶考路过武夷山时病倒传说古时候有一穷秀才上京赶考路过武夷山时病倒 在路上，幸被天心庙老方丈看见，泡了一碗茶给他在路上，幸被

2、天心庙老方丈看见，泡了一碗茶给他 喝，果然病就好了。后来秀才金榜题名中了状元喝，果然病就好了。后来秀才金榜题名中了状元, 还被招为东床驸马。一个春日，状元来到武夷山谢还被招为东床驸马。一个春日，状元来到武夷山谢 恩。在老方丈的陪同下，前呼后拥来到了九龙窠，恩。在老方丈的陪同下，前呼后拥来到了九龙窠， 只见峭壁上长着三株高大的茶树，枝叶繁茂，吐着只见峭壁上长着三株高大的茶树，枝叶繁茂，吐着 一簇簇嫩芽，在阳光下闪着紫红色的光泽，煞是可一簇簇嫩芽，在阳光下闪着紫红色的光泽，煞是可 爱。老方丈说爱。老方丈说:“去年你犯鼓胀病就是用这种茶叶去年你犯鼓胀病就是用这种茶叶 泡茶治好的。很早以前，每逢春日茶

3、树发芽时，就泡茶治好的。很早以前，每逢春日茶树发芽时，就 鸣鼓召集群猴穿上红衣裤爬上绝壁采下茶叶，炒制鸣鼓召集群猴穿上红衣裤爬上绝壁采下茶叶，炒制 后收藏，可以治百病。后收藏，可以治百病。” Lead-in Additional Info 状元听了要求采制一盒进贡皇上。第二天，庙内烧状元听了要求采制一盒进贡皇上。第二天，庙内烧 香点烛，击鼓鸣钟，召来大小和尚向九龙窠进发。香点烛，击鼓鸣钟，召来大小和尚向九龙窠进发。 众人来到茶树下焚香礼拜，然后采下芽叶精工制作，众人来到茶树下焚香礼拜，然后采下芽叶精工制作， 装入锡盒。状元带了茶进京后正遇皇后肚疼鼓胀卧装入锡盒。状元带了茶进京后正遇皇后肚疼鼓胀

4、卧 床不起。状元立即献茶让皇后服下，果然茶到病除。床不起。状元立即献茶让皇后服下，果然茶到病除。 皇上大喜，将一件大红袍交给状元，让他代表自己皇上大喜，将一件大红袍交给状元，让他代表自己 去武夷山封赏。状元封赏路上礼炮轰响，火烛通明，去武夷山封赏。状元封赏路上礼炮轰响，火烛通明， 到了九龙窠。状元命一樵夫爬上半山腰，将皇上赐到了九龙窠。状元命一樵夫爬上半山腰，将皇上赐 的大红袍披在茶树上以示皇恩。说也怪，等掀开大的大红袍披在茶树上以示皇恩。说也怪，等掀开大 红袍时，三株茶树的芽叶在阳光下闪出红光。众人红袍时，三株茶树的芽叶在阳光下闪出红光。众人 说这是大红袍染红的。后来人们就把这三株茶树叫说这

5、是大红袍染红的。后来人们就把这三株茶树叫 做做“大红袍大红袍”，有人还在石壁上刻了，有人还在石壁上刻了“大红袍大红袍”三个大三个大 字，从此大红袍就成了年年岁岁的贡茶。字，从此大红袍就成了年年岁岁的贡茶。 p Introduction p Magical Function of Tea p Ways of Savoring (品味) Tea p Tea Drinking and Folk Customs Text study Introduction originally produced in China about 4,000 years ago. During the Tang Dyna

6、sty, Japanese monks introduced tea seeds to Japan, and by combining tea with Zen Buddhism (禅宗), created the world-famous Japanese tea ceremony. In the 17th century, the Dutch took to Europe the Chinese habit of tea drinking, which then became a tradition of the Europeans. Introduction In China, the

7、home of tea, drinking tea is still a widespread habit. Over the past several thousand years, tea has been the most favored drink for the Chinese people. However, the tea- drinking habit varies from north to south in style, and different tea-drinking habits have helped develop different local customs

8、. Tea is closely related to the everyday life of ordinary people. Introduction Just as many important events took place in cafes in the West, it is in the teahouses that many important things happened in China. Teahouses have always been an important setting in the life of the Chinese people. Introd

9、uction When tea was first introduced to Europe, it was warmly accepted and even acclaimed as a “blessing from God”, and people went so far as to congratulate themselves on being alive at such a time when tea leaves were found. In China, love for tea is just as, if not more, ardent (强烈的). Magical Fun

10、ctions of Tea What do you know about the functions of tea? Liu Zhenliang, a tea master of the late Tang Dynasty, once put forward the theory of the ten virtues of tea: a) tea is tasty; b) tea can maintain health; c) tea can drive away stinking odors; d) tea can prevent the attack of diseases; e) tea

11、 can cultivate energy in the human body; f) tea can relieve depression; g) tea can improve manners; h) tea can convey respect; i) tea can soothe the mind; j) and tea can uphold justice. Magical Functions of Tea Magical Functions of Tea Drinking tea is to satisfy the needs of the body as well as the

12、mind. A cup of refreshing tea is able to naturally relieve a person of thirst while giving comfort and pleasure. According to traditional Chinese medicine, drinking tea can cure a variety of diseases, because the slightly bitter and astringent (昧 涩的) tea contains elements salutary (有益健康的) for the bo

13、dy. 清清 黄易印黄易印 茶熟香温且自看茶熟香温且自看 Seal carvingSeal carving, by Huang Yi , by Huang Yi (1744-1802), Qing Dynasty: (1744-1802), Qing Dynasty: inscribed with a line of inscribed with a line of verse expressing the verse expressing the relaxed mined while relaxed mined while drinking teadrinking tea Magical

14、Functions of Tea To tea drinkers, the first and foremost pleasure derived from drinking tea is cleansing. Tea prefers to grow in clean places. The cleaner a place, the better the quality of the tea it nurtures. Fine teas usually grow on high mountains, enveloped in clouds and mists and in a clear at

15、mosphere. 武夷山武夷山 WuyiWuyi Mountain Mountain Magical Functions of Tea The second important facet is that of seeking leisure. The bustling world, full of confusion and argument, weariness and exhaustion, damages the mind and body of human beings. A cup of refreshing tea can parry (挡开,避开) the sound and

16、 fury of the secular world at arms length. 元元 赵原赵原 陆羽烹茶图陆羽烹茶图 Lu Yu Making Tea, by Zhao Yuan (birth and death dates unknown),Yuan Dynasty. Lu Yu (733-804) of the Tang Dynasty was the acclaimed Tea Saint of China Magical Functions of Tea The third important feature is that of paying respect. The Chin

17、ese people have long fostered the custom of expressing respect by presenting a cup of tea. Ways of Savoring Tea The Chinese people look to tea drinking as an art, which incorporates a wide range of knowledge; the taste of tea might be light, yet the meaning is rich and deep. How could we make a good

18、 cup of tea? What should be taken into consideration? Ways of Savoring Tea The Chinese attach great importance to the water, tea leaves, tea set, and fire, when making and drinking tea. Ways of Savoring Tea Water is an element of priority in the making of tea. To make a good cup of tea, quality wate

19、r is a must. To make fine tea, water from high mountains is the best, followed by water from rivers and wells. (by Lu Yu(733-804), Tea Saint of the Tang Dynasty) Why does Lu Yu say the words above on tea making? Ways of Savoring Tea In the cloud-enveloped high mountains, crystal clear spring water i

20、s the best for making tea; water in the brooks though also good, is not pure because it smells of the earth, therefore is only second best. Considered third is water from wells, as artificial springs from underground are often stagnant (不流动的) and tinted with the flavor of salt. Ways of Savoring Tea

21、The Chinese people also like to collect snow to make tea. The leisurely scene of making tea with freshly collected snow, while reading in the light of a lamp on a cold winter day, is admired by many literati. Snow is white but easily contaminated, therefore people like to collect fresh snow to make

22、tea. Ways of Savoring Tea 号称天下第一泉的济南趵突泉号称天下第一泉的济南趵突泉 Baotu Spring, acclaimed “No. 1 Spring under Heaven” Ways of Savoring Tea After water, the second most important factor for making good tea is tea leaves. China has a long history of cultivating miscellaneous tea leaves. From the perspective of pro

23、cessing, tea leaves fall into the categories of green tea, black tea, oolong tea, dark tea, and scented (有香味的) tea. Ways of Savoring Tea Green tea （the main type of tea, whose output encompasses about 70 percent of total production each year） Longjing of Hangzhou, Biluochun of Jiangsu, and Huangshan

24、 Maofeng and Liuan Guapian of Anhui. Black tea (fermented tea) Qimen Black Tea of Anhui and Dian Black Tea of Yunnan. Oolong tea is mainly produced in Taiwan and in the Wuyi Mountains in Fujian. Dark tea is represented by Puer Tea of Yunnan. It is processed by adding water to dried green tea leaves,

25、 which are then fermented. There are a variety of scented teas, including chrysanthemum and jasmine (茉莉花) tea, the favorite of northern Chinese. Ways of Savoring Tea Fine tea needs to be served in a fine tea set. The Chinese people pay particular attention to tea sets, which may be made of porcelain

26、, ceramic, glass or wood. Ways of Savoring Tea The fourth and final element in making good tea is the fire, which should be： Ways of Savoring Tea live referring to a charcoal (木炭) fire slow exuding a sense of the wild while not having that reek (恶臭) of smoke In the Chinese tea ceremony, there are fo

27、ur tenets (原则) that a tea drinker should observe, i.e., color, aroma, taste, and form. Ways of Savoring Tea First, observe the color. Different teas have different colors, such as black tea, green tea, oolong tea, white tea (leaves with fine and soft white hair), and dark tea. When making tea, peopl

28、e have different color requirements for these different teas. Ways of Savoring Tea Green tea should be fresh, and the best green tea is produced in spring. Tea picked either before Qingming Festival or the Grain Rain (day marking the beginning of the sixth solar term that falls on April 9, 20, or 21

29、), is favored by people, due to the leaves tenderness, freshness and greenness with a touch of yellow. This type of tea presents an unforgettable transparent image in a glass of hot water. Ways of Savoring Tea Ways of Savoring Tea Oolong tea has a deep brown color giving a sense of weight and seclus

30、ion. It should be made in a teapot, and look thick and golden when poured in a teacup. Ways of Savoring Tea Ways of Savoring Tea Longjing teaBiluochun teaQimen Black Tea Dahongpao teaPuer tea Jasmine tea Second, observe the aroma. Fine tea should have a special fragrance of its own. The Chinese peop

31、le have three ways of enjoying the aroma of tea: smelling it with ones nose once the tea leaves are put into a teacup; tasting it with the tongue once the tea is in the mouth and the fragrance overflows; and appreciating it with the heart as the unforgettable aroma lingers in the mouth, just like en

32、joying a fresh breeze. Ways of Savoring Tea Third, observe the taste. Mention the taste of tea, and a tea lover would tell you that the bitterness of tea is the most important of all tea flavors. Tea itself has a subtle bitterness, which, if one sips it slowly, would turn into sweetness, that is, wh

33、en bitterness ends, sweetness begins. Ways of Savoring Tea Fourth, observe the form. The shape of tea leaves should also be observed when drinking tea, especially green tea. Ways of Savoring Tea For example, the tender leaves of Longjing Tea, picked in the mists, would each stand up in hot water bef

34、ore they slowly unfold and stretch and fall down. Against the background of a white teacup, they look as if they are performing a graceful dance. Liuan Guapian, another famous green tea, is another good example. The edge of each leaf of this kind of tea curves upward, its color bright green. In hot

35、water, the leaves resemble lotus flowers, hence the tea has long been a favorite of Chinese people. Ways of Savoring Tea Fine tea is a combination of color, aroma, taste, and form, and requires patience to be well appreciated. Therefore, Chinese people speak of “savoring tea”, instead of “drinking t

36、ea”; any hurry here would be taboo. Ways of Savoring Tea Drinking tea, a long-established custom popular with the Chinese people, is closely related 老舍茶馆的赏茶会老舍茶馆的赏茶会 A scene of a “ Tea Appreciation Ceremony” in the Lao She Teahouse in Beijing Tea Drinking and Folk Customs In those good times of old,

37、 To a teahouse my father I followed. Before the teahouse I played with shells And at the lane entrance, with sand. Wang Zengqi Tea Drinking and Folk Customs 记得旧时好， 跟随爹爹去吃茶。 门前磨螺壳， 巷口弄泥沙。 汪曾祺 Wang Zengqi believed this was “a truly fine poem”. The author describes the ritual of following his father to

38、 a teahouse during his childhood. He played with shells and sand at the entrance to the lane in front of the teahouse. What a happy time it was! The whole poem expresses a soft, touching melancholy permeated (弥漫) with strong poetic flavor. Tea Drinking and Folk Customs Many Chinese folk customs are

39、related to tea, such as the wedding ceremony. Tea trees grow out of seeds, and cannot be moved, so newlyweds customarily plant tea seeds to symbolize their devotion to love. The engagement ceremony is called a “tea ceremony” in China, which is still popular in some places. Tea Drinking and Folk Cust

40、oms Many love songs are related to tea drinking, too. According to the records of Lu You (1125- 1210), a Song-dynasty poet, in some places, single young men and women often met to sing: Tea Drinking and Folk Customs 小娘子，叶底花，无事出来吃盏茶 ”My home is situated by the Pantuo River, Come have tea some time, m

41、y sweetheart. With earthen walls and a thatched (茅顶的) root In front, a silk tree in full bloom.“ Tea Drinking and Folk Customs 盘陀江上是侬家， 郎若闲时来吃茶。 黄土筑墙茅盖屋， 门前一树马樱花。 Note: The silk tree and drinking tea both symbolize love and marriage. With these two images, this romantic love song sounds even more vi

42、vid and poetic. Exercises p Comprehension p Communication p Application Comprehension l. Skimming and Scanning Go through the passage quickly and answer the following questions briefly. 1) What did the Chinese people contribute to the world according to Paragraph 1? 2) Who proposed the theory of the

43、 ten virtues of tea? Tea was an important contribution of the Chinese people to the world. Liu Zhenliang proposed the theory of ten virtues of tea. 4) What are the four important factors when making and drinking tea? 5) What kinds of water are good for tea making? The four factors of making and drin

44、king tea are tea leaves, water, tea sets and fire. Comprehension 3) What are the three main functions of drinking tea? The three most important functions include: it can help cleanse and balance the body, calm down peoples minds and be used to express respect for people. They are water from high mou

45、ntains, water in the brooks, and water from wells. Comprehension 7) In the Chinese tea ceremony, what tenets should a tea drinker observe? 8) How can the aroma of tea be enjoyed in the tea ceremony? According to Paragraph 15, tea is classified into different categories depending on their ways of pro

46、cessing. A tea drinker should observe four tenets: color, aroma, taste and form. Some craftspeople even do not set their eyes on what they are doing while doing paper-cutting because they are so skilled at this folk art that they can do it like doing magic tricks. 6) How is tea classified into diffe

47、rent categories according to Paragraph 15? Comprehension Because tea trees grow out of seeds, and cannot be moved, so newlyweds customarily plant tea seeds to symbolize their devotion to love. 10) Why do Chinese people call the engagement ceremony a tea ceremony in some places? 9) What is the most i

48、mportant taste of tea? Bitterness which can turn sweet is the most important taste of tea. II. Careful Reading 1. Read the passage carefully and fill in the following blanks with the missing information. 1) It was not until _ years ago that tea was grown in other countries than China. 2) Tea is so i

49、mportant to the ordinary life of people that it has influenced _. 3) Drinking tea can cure some diseases because _ _. Comprehension a little more than 200 different local customs the slightly bitter and astringent tea contains elements salutary for the body 4) Because the most important function of

50、tea is cleansing, the quality of tea mostly depends on _. 5) In social interaction, _ _ as well as respect can be expressed by tea. 6) Many literati dreamed of making tea with _. 7) According to Lu Yu, the top springs for tea are _ _ _. Comprehension whether it is grown in a clean place welcome, hos

51、pitality, good wishes freshly collected snow the Huishan Spring in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, Baotu Spring in Jinan, Shandong Province, and the Hupao Spring in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 8) Boccaro tea set produced in Yixing is mentioned as an example of _. 9) The fire for making good tea should be _

52、and _. 10) Green tea should be _, _ and _, while Oolong tea has a deep brown color giving a sense of weight and seclusion. 11) If the tea leaves stand up in hot water before they slowly unfold and stretch and fall down, then we can judge it is _ tea. Comprehension ceramic tea sets live slow tender f

53、resh green with a touch of yellow Longjing 12) In the song mentioned in Paragraph 30, the wooers express their love for the girls by _. Comprehension inviting them to tea 2. Put the following into English by referring to the passage. 1) 绿茶（龙井、碧螺春、黄山毛峰、六安瓜片） 2) 红茶（祁门红茶、滇红茶） Comprehension green tea (L

54、ongjing of Hangzhou, Biluochun of Jiangsu, Huangshan Maofeng and Liuan Guapian of Anhui) black tea (Qimen Black Tea of Anhui, Dian Black Tea of Yunnan) 3) 乌龙茶 4) 黑茶（普洱茶） 5) 花茶（菊花茶、茉莉花茶） Comprehension oolong tea dark tea (Puer Tea of Yunnan) scented tea (chrysanthemum tea, jasmine tea) Communication

55、In China, the home of tea, drinking tea is a widespread habit. Meanwhile, as mentioned in the passage, British people have developed the custom of afternoon tea. What do you know about the afternoon tea custom in Britain? Application Chinese teahouses are similar to American coffee houses in many wa

56、ys. Read the following introduction of American coffee houses and compare them with Chinese teahouses. Coffee shops in the United States arose from the Italian coffee houses of the Italian American immigrant communities which mainly sold espresso (蒸馏咖啡) and pastry. In the United States, the French w

57、ord for coffee house (cafe) means an informal restaurant, offering a range of hot meals. As the youth culture of the 1960s evolved, non- ltalians consciously copied these coffee houses. Before the rise of the Seattle-based Starbucks chain, Seattle and other parts of the Pacific Northwest had Applica

58、tion witnessed a thriving counter-cultural coffee house scene; Starbucks standardized this model which became the mainstream before long. In the United States, from the late 1950s onward, coffee houses also served as a venue for entertainment, most commonly among folk performers. This was likely due

59、 to the ease of accommodating in a small space when a lone performer accompanied himself or herself only with a guitar; the political nature of much of 1960s folk music made the music a natural connection with coffee houses associated with political action. A number of well known performers like Joa

60、n Baez and Application Bob Dylan began their careers performing in coffee houses. Blues singer Lightnin Hopkins bemoaned a womans inattentiveness to her domestic situation due to her overindulgence in the social activities in coffee house, in his 1969 Coffee House Blues. From the 1960s through the m