2008年湖南大学考博英语真题

1、english entrance examination for doctorate candidates2008part 1 vocabulary(10%)directions: there are 20% incomplete sentences or sentences with underlined words in this part.for each sentence there are four choices marked a, b, c and.d. choose the best one that complete the sentence or is nearest in

2、 meaning with the underlined word and then write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.1. it was after the failure of this attempt that he _ to force.a.resolved b.recurred c.exerted d.resorted2.the noise of his loud voice _ what the girl was trying to tell us. a.covered b.suppressed c.drowned

3、 d.deadened3.the key to this new material development is researchers increasing ability to substances at the molecular level.a.formulate b.,amoi;ate cregulate d.stimulate4.he _ himself as gentle and romantic tomard a woman he was trying to impree. a.expressed b.conveyed c.demonstrated d.presented5.i

4、f we dont stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the whole globe will be _. a.empowered b.punished c.polluted d.annihilated6.brushing removes larger particles, but dentists suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food residues and bacteria _. a.flourish b.congregate c.embar

5、d d.collaborate7.he is such a _ man that he built a porch for his house last summer. a.productive b.solitary c.versatile d.diligent8.this book should be well-recommended within the _ of anyone who has studied english for four yeas. a.possession b.competence c.confidence d.qualification9.he was very

6、_ to the old lady and did everything for her. a.attentive b.observant c.earnest d.considerate10.nobody knew how he came up with this _ idea about the trip. a.weary b.twilight c.unanimous d.weird11.you mustnt allow your word to become sloppy, but rather you should try to improve it. a.fall off b.come

7、 off c.put off d.wear off12.it is noticed that there had a perceptible change in his behavior lately. a.pessimistic b.perceivable c.persistent d.perpetual13.yet beyond that tragic picture, there is a revolution at work in world agriculture. a.reflective b.illusive c.intolerable d.grievous14.his work

8、 shed provocative yet necessary light on an important way to slow the spread of this virus. a.provisional b.seductive c.disturbing d.insulting15.she was delirious last night, but she seems quite lucid this morning. a.rational b.peaceful c.patient d.insame16.attiudes on the two sides in the revolutio

9、nary war precluded the possibility of a peaceful solution. a.presaged b.prejudiced c.anticipated d.prevented17.during the 19th century, jews in most european countries achieved some equality of status with non-jews, at times jews were harassed by anti-semitic groups. a.annoyed. b.opposed c.exploited

10、 d.despised18.the advertising industry has resorted to self-regulation in a serious effort to curtail not only bad taste but also misrepresentation and deception in copy and illustrations. a.avert b.deny c.exclude d.reduce19.she actually preferred a more gregarious urban lifestyle and the cultural a

11、ttractions in a warmer clime. a.tranquil b.sociable c.inactive d.undistrubed20.a divorcee is the sole provider in a typical “single parent” family. a.religious b.spiritual c.exclusive d.chiefpartii reading comprehension (30%)directions: there are 6 passages in this part. each passage is followed by

12、some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. you should decide on the best choice and then write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:a few years ago a lone american campaigner wro

13、te a book in which he set out the main point of his fascinating campaign-to abolish television. his manifest “four arguments for the elimination of television” is an american bestseller, and after eight editions is still generating great concern and debate in the usa.jerry mander, a former advertisi

14、ng expert is convinced that for the sake of our freedom, and mental and physical health, we should learn to live without tv. through his advertising background mander is aware of how much of television is concerned with advertising and money making, he sees the planting of values for profit as “a de

15、ep, profound and disturbing act by few against the many, for a trivial purpose.” and, even without commercials, he sees tv as disturbing because it crams peoples heads with images which alter the way they feel and behave. pictures formed by 300,000 tiny dancing dots altering 30 times per second, bom

16、bard their eye as people scan the images 10 times a second. the brain registers and stores all 30 images, but the conscious mind registers far fewer. but argues mander, even if you reject or doubt what you see consciously, it is too late.he further argues that tv is a deadening experience as it is r

17、estricted to just two senses - sight and sound. perception is dulled and flattened, say mander, when you cant feel and smell and totally experience an event. people are just sitting passively for up to four hours a night watching a screen and listening to artificial sound. “no culture in history has

18、 spent such an enormous amount of time looking at artificial light,” says mander, “and another worrying fact is that prolonged exposure to artificial light alters human cells, which is why it is being used for certain medical treatment.” researchers do not know if life-long tv exposure is a physical

19、 risk or not, but as mander would argue, why run the risk? it is important that people get up now and with it off before the harm is done - they might also become brain-washed, or who knows.21. four arguments for the elimination of television is a book which _. a.caused distress to many americans b.

20、achieved great success overseas. c.became a very popular book to read d.expressed the views of a fascinating man22.jerry mander objects to tv advertising mainly because_. a.the underling principles concern money-making b.it is ineffectual in getting its message across c.a few people are deeply distu

21、rbed by it d.the values it conveys are accepted by all23.mander thinks peoples feelings and behaviors are changed because _. a.the brain is able to make conscious decisions b.the conscious mind is affected by tv images c.their eyes scan a tv screen 10 times a second d.the conscious mind is unable to

22、 reject the images it sees24.by watching tv for several hours every night, mander implies that _. a.people would lose their other senses b.people would be very imaginative c.people will become very passive d.people would come to depend on only watching25.mander suggests that viewing tv over long per

23、iods of time _. a.could lead to death b.might cause brain damage c.could endanger peoples health d.would make cells malignantquestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:like a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of japan and west germany, forcing them to conside

24、r adopting economic policies the united states advocates. the u.s government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and deutsch mark, u.s goods become cheaper. u.s companies then sell more at home and abroad, and u.s. trade deficit declines. cries for trade

25、protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved. then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up u.s. stocks. that prompts heavy buying from abroad-especially from japan. also, if the trade picture is improving, that means u.s. companies eventually wil

26、l be more competitive. consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented u.s. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. but that is a rather fashionable notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in the next few quarters, the buying spree migh

27、t disappear. and finally, if a falling dollar leads to a rise in interest rates, the stock market rally could stop. improving u.s. competitiveness means a decline in anothers competitiveness. japan and west germany are verging on recession. their export-oriented economies are facing major problems.

28、japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to japanese trade. west germany is also worried. share prices in frankfurt plummeted this past week. born is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy. could the falling dollar get out of hand? if the dollar falls

29、too far, investors might lose confidence in u.s. investments-especially the government bond market. the money to finance the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere; inflation could flare up, too, since japanese and german manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikes -and u

30、.s. companies might follow suit to increase their profit margins. the u.s. federal reserve then might need step in and stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. and higher interest rates could cause the u.s. economy to slow down and end the wall street rally.worried about these side effects, f

31、ederal reserve chairman paul volcher has said the dollar has fallen far enough. what is the equilibrium level? probably near where it is or slightly lower. it all depends on when the u.s. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from u.s. treasury bonds. “it requires a good deal of politica

32、l patience on the part of the u.s. congress,” says dr. cline, “and there must be an expectation of patience on the part of private investors. the chances are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.26.what is the main idea of this text? a.the impression of the falling u.s. doll

33、ar. b.the results of the devaluation of u.s. dollar. c.the side effects of devaluation of u.s. dollar. d.the effects of falling u.s. dollar on world economy.27.what does the word “rally” (part.2) mean? a.prosperity. b.decline. c.richness. d.improvement28.why are japan and west germany worried about

34、the falling dollar? a.because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries. b.because it may force them to devaluate their currency. c.because it may do damage to their trade. d.because it may make japanese company less competitive.29.if dollar-falling got out of hand, and the u.s. fede

35、ral reserve might step in, what would happen? a.the prosperity of the u.s. economy would disappear. b.the u.s. economy might face serious problems. c.investors might lose confidence in u.s. investments d.runaway inflation could not be stopped in the u.s.30.it can be inferred from the text, that the

36、devaluation of the u.s. dollar _. a.is not responded by countermeasures of japan and west germany b.will not be suspended until the u.s. trade turns around. c.bring about obvious changes to american economy. d.has destroyed the economy of japan and west germany.questions 31 to 35 are based on the fo

37、llowing passage:japan is going through a complex national identity crisis. that may be no bad thing, says a new book by an american academic japanologist. the economy is stalled, but the society is in motion. japan is a difficult country to report on and analyze because things do not change in big,

38、noticeable ways; they change in an incremental process, generally of small steps but which, over time, can add up to big movements. and just such a big movement seems to be taking place.mr. nathan, a professor of japanese cultural studies, has been observing japan since the 1960s. whereas most peopl

39、e look at economic data or the comings and going of prime ministers, he is more interested in schools, novels, comic books, and the minds of young entrepreneurs and maverick local politicians. in particular, his focus is on whether japans famously cohesive, conformist society may be fracturing under

40、 the strain of economic stagnation, and on how such strains have been affecting the countrys sense of purpose and of national identity.fractures are what he looks for and fractures are what he finds. on balance, they are neither obviously dangerous nor obviously positive, but they are, as he says, s

41、igns of motion which could, in time, lead in unpredictable direction. the most worrying fractures he writes about are in the schools, where violence and truancy have risen remarkably. old japan hands shrug wearily at such things, for worries about bullying have long excited but have never really see

42、med terribly serious. now, though, mr. nathans numbers do make the situation look grave.since 1998, youths aged between 14 and 19 have been involved in 50% of all arrests for felonies, including murder. truancy is also in the up. mr. nathan asserts that the true number is 350,000 children, or 5% of

43、the student population.such trends appear to be symptoms of two related phenomena: a widespread feeling of disillusionment, alienation, uncertainty or plain anger, which has spread to children too; and a gradual breakdown of old systems of discipline - part familial, part social, part legal-which ap

44、pear to prevent schools and parents from dealing effectively with errant children.japan is, in short, passing through a national identity crisis. there are plenty of positive aspects to it too, however. one ia a considerable increase in the number of actual or budding young entrepreneurs, a trend es

45、pecially visible in the willingness of high-flyers to leave good safe jobs in order to set up their own firms. the numbers remain modest, but are nevertheless surprisingly high given the state of the economy in recent years. another is a new eagerness among popular writers and maverick politicians t

46、o try to define and encourage a new national pride.31.what characterizes the social changes in japanese society is that _. a.they are often accompanied by a national identity crisis. b.they often take place in major scale but end up in small effect. c.they often happen humbly while producing huge ac

47、cumulative consequences. d.they often take place without being analyzed and reported due to their complexity.32.it is implied in the second paragraph that_. a.japan is undergoing a serious political in stability. b.a static economy might have a negative influence on society c.most people in japan ar

48、e under severe mental strain d.many people suffer from a fracture due to their job pressure33.school violence and truancy in japan seem to be _. a.tiring japanese parents up for a long time b.not as serious as most japanese have imagined c.quickly on the increase especially in recent years d.obvious

49、ly endangering the safety of japanese students34.the reason behind school violence and truancy in japan seems to be that _. a.school and parents do not want to deal with errant children effectively b.economic stagnation has reduced parents time to communicate with their children c.youths bullying ha

50、s already become a popular practice for students and they find it excitingd.children are infected with problem in the adult world and rules are not strict enough35.what is the best title for this passage? a.solutious to youths crimes in japan b.the japanese national identity crisis c.school violence

51、 and truancy in japan d.economic and social changes in japanquestion 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:the multi-billion-dollar western pop music industry is under fire. it is being blamed by the united nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. “the most worrisome development

52、is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence,” said the uns 13-member international narcotics control board in a report released in late february 1998.the 74-page study days that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of

53、 most cultures. “some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a persons lifestyle,” the study says.surprisingly, says the board, the e

54、ffect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose. “such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of recreational drug use,” it notes. since the 1970s, several in

55、ternationally famous singers and movie stars-including elivis presley, janice joplin, john belushi, jimi hendrix, jonathan melvin and popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. “in most countries, the names of certain pop stars have

56、become familiar to the members of every household,” the study says.the un study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues-especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization, which encourages, rather than prevents, drug abuse. “over the last years, we

57、 have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive,” says hamid ghodse, president of the board. “powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs,” he says. ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and