[语言类考试复习资料大全]Environment(环境)(二)

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘学子：学业有成，金榜题名！语言类考试复习资料大全Environment(环境)(二)Environment(环境)(二)Section Listening ComprehensionYou will hear 4 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answerA, B, C, or D. You will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.Part A (

2、如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1. What does the man probably do?A.An estate agent.B.An electrician.C.A plumber.D.A salesman.答案:A听力原文M: And this is the kitchen and dining area, madam. Therell be a stainless steel sink unit just here and a cooker over there.W: Does it use gas or electricity?2. Whats the womans o

3、pinion?A.Many people were killed by noise pollution.B.She doesnt agree with the man.C.We should raise peoples awareness of noise pollution.D.Noise pollution is not so serious as the psychological problem.答案:C听力原文M: Its high time we raised peoples awareness of noise pollution.W: I cant agree with you

4、 more. Many psychological as well as physical problems are caused by noise pollution.3. What are they talking about?A.The requirements of writing a thesis.B.The credit hours required for a certain degree.C.Taking selected courses.D.Which department to study in.答案:B听力原文M: Youll need 40 credit hours t

5、o get the degree. Fifteen must be from the Computer Department and twenty from the Foreign Language Department. For the remaining five credit hours, youre expected to write a thesis.W: Well, it sounds rather confusing, but III discuss it with my classmate.4. Why is the man complaining?A.The show is

6、very difficult to understand.B.The room is full of theatrical persons.C.The crowd is very noisy.D.The room is too small for the audience.答案:D听力原文M: This room is so crowded. I can hardly hear and see a thing.W: I dont understand why they didnt have this show in a bigger theatre, do you?Part BYou will

7、 hear one dialogue or monologue. Before listening, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the. questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, or D. You will hear ONLY ONCE. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1. From which academys findings, China Daily summarised the rep

8、ort?A.The Chinese Academy of SciencesB.The Chinese Academy of ForestryC.The Chinese Academy of EnvironmentD.Both A and B答案:D听力原文 A steadily expanding appetite for coal, fuelled by Chinas rapid industrial growth, has led to a dramatic rise in environmental damage from acid rain, the China Daily, an o

9、fficial Chinese newspaper, reported on December 7, 1999. The newspaper summarised the findings of a recent study conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF). The studys authors said that after Europe and North America, China is the worlds third larges

10、t region to be affected by acid rain, a type of air pollution formed when oxides of sulfur and nitrogen combine with atmospheric moisture. Nearly 50 percent of Chinas land area is now affected, a figure the researchers expect will rise. I had to go to Washington last week for a conference. I arrived

11、 at the airport in plenty of time and checked in, but I only had one small case so I decided to take it on the plane as hand luggage. As the flight was not due to board for 45 minutes, I went to a cafe, sat down, and ordered a cup of coffee. While I was sitting there drinking my coffee and reading m

12、y paper, I was vaguely aware of a woman and her child coming to sit at the next table. I did not pay much attention to them, though, and when my flight was called I reached for my case and left. An hour later, the plane was in the air and I decided to look at the conference programme to see what I w

13、anted to attend. Imagine my horror when I opened the case and found that it was full of picture books and childrens toys-and imagine what the woman must have thought about a case full of mens clothes and scientific papers! 2. What do you know about acid rain from the report?A.Its a kind of atmospher

14、e.B.Its a kind of air pollution.C.Its a kind of moisture.D.Its a kind of noise pollution.答案:B3. Which country is the worlds third largest region to be affected by acid rain?A.Europe.B.North America.C.China.D.Japan.答案:C4. How many percent of Chinas land area is now affected by acid rain?A.15.B.50.C.6

15、0.D.70.答案:BSection Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank. . The message of 1 such as this is 2 natural systems are complex, unpredictable:understanding them 3 patient observation and 4 analysis. The lack of these conditions explains why, in the

16、 early modern era, grass snakes were killed as venomous, and gardeners 5 worms because they 6 gnaw plant roots. The assumption that people ought to know about such things is based on an urban-rural divide that opened up in the 18th century. For a 7 of centuries, city and country people did 8 separat

17、e realms. But the car, the phone, the media and the Internet have contributed to the 9 tendency of what we call modern lifestyle; and the vast population 10 from cities into rural areas blurred the difference 11 urban and rural. Thus, a new word rurban -has been coined to 12 this condition. Most of

18、us now work 13 or in an office, and 14 we are involved in our primary industries, we are 15 more likely to be staring 16 a computer than 17 with the landscape. Human life has turned generally into a 18 by work, sleep, shopping and TV-all 19 identical 20 performed in town or country. 1.A.studyB.studi

19、esC.studyingD.studied答案:B解析 本题考查名词study的特殊用法。studies研究，做名词用；studying，studied均为分词形式；study学习。故选B。2.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.what答案:C解析 本题考查宾语从句先行词用法。应选C。3.A.retainsB.relievesC.requiresD.enquires答案:C解析 本题考查动词词义辨异。retain保持，保留；relieve解除，缓解；require需要，要求；enquire咨询，查询。故选C。4.A.permanentB.carelessC.sensitiveD.care

20、ful答案:D解析 本题考查形容词词义解析。permanent永久的，长期的；careless，粗心地，不细心的；sensitive敏感的；careful仔细的，细心的。故选D。5.A.protectedB.caredC.destroyedD.collide答案:C解析 本题考查动词词义辨析。通过后句“gnaw plant roots”可知虫子给人们带来了损失，故排除A、B。collide与撞击/矛盾；destroy杀死，毁灭。故选C。6.A.were thought toB.thought toC.were thoughtD.thought答案:A解析 本题考查被动语态用法。句中“they”

21、代指“the worms”，故应用被动语态。后有动词gnaw，需用不定式to连接，故选A。7.A.pairB.coupleC.listD.line答案:B解析 本题考查量词用法。pair双，对；couple双，对，可用a couple of表示两个，几个；list列表，a list of许多，大量；line线条，故选B。8.A.inhabitedB.inhabitingC.inhabitsD.inhabit答案:D解析 本题考查强调句用法。“do/does/did+动词原形”，故选D。9.A.sameB.identicalC.similarD.unifying答案:D解析 本题考查近义词辨析。

22、由后句意可知，人们的生活方式趋向一致了。再来看四个选项。same同样的，一样的；identical一致的，和谐的；similar类例的，相似的；unifying使统一的，趋于一致的，故本题选D。10.A.gatheringB.outflowC.flourishD.crowd答案:B解析 本题名词词义辨析。gathering集会，聚集；outflow n流出，外流；flourish繁荣，繁盛；crowd人群，观众。故选B。11.A.betweenB.inC.toD.with答案:A解析 本题考查介词用法：difference between.and.，故选A。12.A.prescribeB.de

23、scribeC.showD.detail答案:B解析 本题考查词义辨析。prescribe开药方；describe描写，描述；show表现，展示；detail细节，小节。故选B。13.A.inlandB.innerC.inputD.indoors答案:D解析 本题考查名词词义辨析。inland内陆，内地；inner内部的，内地的；input输入，插入；indoors，为副词在室内。故选D。14.A.if evenB.even ifC.ifD.though答案:B解析 此题考查连词的用法。if even无此词组；even if即使，尽管；if如果，假如；though虽然但是。故选B。15.A.v

24、eryB.quietC.farD.fully答案:C解析 此题考查副词用法。四个选项中，可修饰比较级more的副词只有far，故选C。16.A.atB.toC.intoD.with答案:A解析 本题考查动词后加介词用法，stare at注视，凝视，故选A。17.A.communicateB.communicatingC.to communicateD.to communicating答案:B解析 本题考查连词than(不是，不愿)后接动词的用法，其后接动词-ing形式，故选B。18.A.multicultureB.bicultureC.anti-cultureD.monoculture答案:D

25、解析 本题属句意题，根据前后句意思可知，人类生活在一个单一、趋同的世界里。故monoculture(单一变化)，为合适答案。19.A.literallyB.activelyC.theoreticallyD.actually答案:D解析 本题考查副词词义。literally文字上地；按字面意思的；actively积极地，实际地；theoretically理论上地；actually实际上。故选D。20.A.whetherB.ifC.weatherD.even答案:A解析 本题考查whether.or.(表选择)，故选A。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADire

26、ctions: Read the following text. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Urban life has always embraced a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stresses; its motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition, and

27、competition is stressful; it is often at its most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. The presence of a huge number of people inevitably involves more conflict, more travelling, the overloading of public services and exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn

28、 to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but todays convenience of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may beco

29、me trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them. As a defense against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numb

30、ers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure. There are other strategies, too, which are positively harmful to the individual; for example, reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, all these defensive forms of behaviour are

31、 harmful to society in general; they cause widespread loneliness and destroy the communitys concern for its members. Lack of informal social contact and indifference to the misfortunes of others, if they are not personally known to oneself, are amongst the major causes of urban crime. Inner regions

32、of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who have done badly in the competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped because so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond. Present-day architecture an

33、d planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old-established neighbourhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by high, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually

34、to be rehoused in tower blocks which are drab, inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. This destruction of established social structure is the worst possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to cons

35、erve the human scale of the environment, and to preserve familiar landmarks. 1. According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so many people who are _.A.anxious to succeedB.in need of helpC.naturally aggressiveD.likely to commit crime答案:A解析 本题考查细节。文中提到“Opportunities means

36、 competion”“Competition is stressful”，有竞争肯定每个人都想取胜，故选A。2. The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities because _.A.people do not communicate with their neighbourB.criminals are difficult to trace in large populationsC.people feel anonymous thereD.the traps of success are attractive to crimin

37、als答案:B解析 本题考查细节。犯罪上升的根本原因还是人口过多。3. The majority of people who live in inner cities do so because they _.A.dislike having to travel far to workB.have been forced by circumstances to do soC.dont like the idea of living in the suburbD.have turned against society答案:B解析 本题考查细节。从“done badly”可判断出选B。4. Arc

38、hitectural changes have affected city life by _.A.dispersing long-established communitiesB.giving the individual a say in planningC.forcing people to live on top of each otherD.making people move to the suburbs答案:A解析 本题考查细节。从“Old-established neighbourhoods have been ruthlessly swept away”可知选A。5. The

39、 authors general argument is that urban life would be improved by _.A.moving people out of tower blocksB.restoring old buildingsC.building community centersD.preserving existing social system答案:D解析 细节题，从文中最后一句可知。Part BDirections: Read the text from a magazine article in which several people expresse

40、d their different opinions on the same issue. Please match the name of each person to one of the statements given below. G. F. Aland Many people regard Standard English as correct English. It is certainly the variety which is taught to foreign learners English and, in its written form, it represents

41、 the form which is found in most types of writing-school textbooks, government documents, newspapers and literature. But Standard English is only one variety among the many varieties of English, though it has acquired a special position among these varieties because it is used as the medium of educa

42、tion in England. Because of the position of Standard English, it is often taken subconsciously as a norm in discussions of language acquisition, change and varieties. The effect of broadcasting has been to allow people to hear many different varieties of English from all over the world. Although thi

43、s has not necessarily undermined the perceived status of Received Pronunciation, it perhaps has made it appear to speakers of the language that a high degree of variety exists and that many people, even quite distinguished ones, can use forms of spoken English which differ from those of Received Pro

44、nunciation. D. M. Richard A standard language is a variety of a language that is socially and culturally predominant and is generally accepted as the most proper form of that language. Written Standard English is, with minor differences, primarily in spelling the same word. However, with reference t

45、o the spoken language, the term Standard English must be further qualified. The Standard English of New Zealand is by no means identical to the Standard English of Ireland. Indeed, even within a given country, what is considered standard may vary from area to area. Diversity among the regional diale

46、cts of England, particularly in pronunciation, is greater than in any other part of the world where English is spoken as a native language. English is also the only English-speaking nation with an official or quasi-official standard dialect, which we can call Standard British English (SBE). This dia

47、lect is a social and educational, rather than regional dialect. It is superimposed upon regional dialects; in effect, many of its users are bidialectal to some extent, able to speak both SBE and a regional dialect. SBE is the English taught in the public (that is, private) schools of England and Wal

48、es. David Alpher The rapid development in public broadcasting after about 1920 led in England and abroad to the establishment of BBC English as an actual spoken standard. This standard, alternatively known as Received Pronunciation, is that of a social and educational elite. Robert Claiborne But whe

49、n we are communicating with outsiders, and especially if we are communicating in writing, we will almost certainly do best with spoken Standard English. The reasons are very clear. To begin with, though most English speakers speak some nonstandard dialect, they almost certainly understand the educat

50、ed speech of their region and, if theyre literate, written Standard English. (The latter, in fact, is acceptable currency almost anywhere in the English-speaking world.) The overwhelming majority of English-language publications-newspapers, magazines and books-are written, apart from some dialogue p

51、assages, in Standard English. The directions and manuals that come with medicines, many foodstuffs, and the innumerable gadgets that enrich or complicate our lives are in Standard English. And the governmental and corporate bureaucrats that most of us have to correspond with from time to time deal i

52、n Standard, if often heavily jargonized English. In brief, Standard English is better than other dialects because with it we can give information to and get information from, many more sources than with any other dialect. Gerald Knowles Standard English was for a long time essentially a written form

53、 of the language, but it did influence the use of grammar and vocabulary in speech, and even pronunciation. In all parts of the country the UK, local forms and usages have been subject to displacement:as fashions have changed and new forms have been accepted in the standard language and have gradual

54、ly spread to local dialects. The vast majority of English speakers today have a standardized variety of English. Agreement on matters of pronunciation seems to have developed in the nineteenth century, especially in the public schools of the south of England. This has led to a widespread acceptance

55、in England of one variety of pronunciation as a standard and this is the type that was adopted in the 1920s for broadcasting by the BBC. It is known as Received Pronunciation, or more commonly as RP. An RP speaker is somebody whose speech belongs to England, but cannot be pinned down to any region o

56、f England. RP has had a powerful influence on all regional varieties, but relatively few people actually speak it. Now match each of the persons with the appropriate statement. Note:there are two extra statements. Statements A. Although RP has greatly influenced the regional dialects in UK, very few people actually speak it. B. Standard English is more efficient in communicating with other people than other dialects. C. A greater population speaks Standard Englis