初中英语语法宾语从句讲解-专项练习及答案(2)

1、1英语语法宾语从句讲解小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化 that 引，一般疑问用 if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语概念 : 在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做V 谓/介词短语的宾语。e.g. He said,“I am good at drawing”.He said he was good at drawing. 动(词宾语 )Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. 介(词宾语 )1.引导词(1) that 引导宾语从句

2、时，通常用陈述句充当 , that 可省略。e.g. She said,“I want to go there”She said (that) she wanted to go there.They all know (that) Jim is good at skating.(2) whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句 ,由一般疑问句 /选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。e.g.“Are youinterested in geography?” she said.She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.I wonder if /whe

3、ther she has told the new to Li Lei .I m not sure whether he will come or not.12注意：一般情况下， whether 和 if 可以互用，但有些情况例外a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用 ife.g. We are talking about whether well go on the panic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用 whether.e.g. I can t say whether or not he will come on timec. if 当如果讲时 ,引导的是条件状

4、语从句，表示 如果 ，不能用 whether.e.g. If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times.Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.(3)特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。特殊疑问词为： how , when, where, why ,which whose.What引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。e.g.What do you want? He asked.He asked me what I wanted.I have no id

5、ea where he is now.I don nowtk how to deal with it.He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class.对比下列句子，看what 做什么成分：He asked what was the wrong/matter with me. （what 做主语）He doesn t knowhat to do now.(做宾语 )He asked mewho he was.(who 做表语 )232.宾语从句时态a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制e.g. Do you know if/whether

6、 he has seen the film?I m sorry to hear that your father is ill.She says she is going to go to Beijing next week.He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态She didn t knowwhy the boy was late again. (过去一般 )I didnt know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成）I wondered whe

7、n she was going to America（.过去将来）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：e.g. He said（that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound）.The teacher told us（seeing is believing.）3.语序：陈述语序，主 +谓+其他* when will you leave for Beijing? （Could you please tell me）

8、Could you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing?*Has she seen the movie？（ He asked.）He asked if she had seen the movie.*Could you tell me whats the matter/wrong with you?二、宾语从句的转化341.当主句谓语动词是 hope，wish，decide，forget ，plan ，agree 等，且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。如：e.g. She agreed that she could help me

9、with my math. She agreed to help me with my math.2.当主句的谓语动词是 know, learn, forget, remember, decide 等后面有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成 “疑问词不定式结构 ”。如：e.g. She forgot what she should take. she forgot to take it3. 当主句谓语动词是 find ，see，watch ，hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为 “宾语宾补 ”结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。如：e.g. She found that th

10、e wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.三否定转移e.g. I don t think he is 我cool认.为他并不酷常用词： believe，suppose等四注意问题和易错点1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引导词的影响（可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句）2. Whether/if 用法傻傻分不清（ whether 是否， if 是否 /如果）3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢e.g. I don t know who she is looki

11、ng at容.易(丢了 at )4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措（宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么，说了什么，谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词只有who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why ，what 不能用语定从，只用于宾从）5. 混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句e.g. Jim didn t know what was wrong with his computer.45宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leaveB. when do you leaveC. yo

12、u will leave whenD. when you will leave2.Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom liveB. where Tom livedC. Tom lives whereD. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinemaB. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema wasD. where was the way to the cinema4.I think _ you will like him.D. how

13、A. thatB. ifC. why5.I didn t knowhe will come or not.A. thatB. whetherC. weatherD. how6.I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes C. how much these shoes cost7.She asked me _.A. who he wasB. who was heC. who is heD. who he isB. how much do these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost8.Ask him _.

14、A. whose cup this isC. this is whose cupB. whose cup is thisD. whose is this cup9.I don t know . A. what time the movie starts C. the time to start the movieB. what time starts the movie D. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I illB. have I been illC. I have been illD

15、. I had been ill11.The weather forecast doesn t say .A. if it rains tomorrowB. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrowD. if will it rain tomorrow5612.Do you know _?A. whose pen is thisB. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong toD. whom the pen belong to13.Could you tell me where _?

16、A. the tape wasB. was the tapeC. the tape isD. is the tape14.They want to know _?A. where is the hospitalB. how old are youC. when the train will leaveD. why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stockingB. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. w

17、hat Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one knows _theprofessor willcome to our schooltomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. whenB. whetherC. whereD. if17.July didn t know.A. where is Tims father C. who the old man isB. when was the first watc

18、h made D. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _, so we need your help.A. how should we doB. what we should doC. what to doD. what should we do19.We don t know_ with the rubbish and it pollutes out landand sea.B. how to doA. how do itC. what do itD. what to do20.He asked me _.A. whether I

19、find out the sender of the moneyB. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found outD. whether I found out the sender of the money67能力提高练习1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you A. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if; ThatD. if; If2.I

20、 dont know _ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he comeB. how will he comeC. if he comesD. whether hell come3.Could you tell me _the nearest hospital is?A. whatB. howC. whetherD. where4.Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mendB. what did he mendC. how he mended D. what he m

21、ended5.I want to know _.B. whom she is lookingA. whom is she looking afterC. whom is she lookingD. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _ now?D. did he liveA. he livesB. does he liveC. he lived7.Do you know what time _?A. the train leaveB. does the train leaveC. will the train leaveD. the t

22、rain leaves8.I dont know _. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are9.The small children dont know _.A. what is their stockings inB. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings inD. what

23、 in their stockings10. I cant understand _.A. what does Christmas mean C. what mean Christmas doesB. what Christmas does mean D. what Christmas means11.I don t knowhe will be back home.A. whoB. whatC. whenD. where12.Could you tell me _?A. where do you liveB. who you are waiting forC. who were you wa

24、iting forD. where you live in13.Do you still remember _?78A. that he saidB. what he saidC. did he say thatD. what did he say14.I can t understand_the boy alone.A. why she leftB. why did she leaveC. why she had leftD. why had she left15.She told me the sun _ in the east.A. riseB. rose C. rises D. had

25、 risen16.They tried to find out _ the new train _.A. how far/ had goneB. how long/ has goneC. how far/ wentD. how far / had run17.The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matterB. what the matter wasC. what the matter isD. what s the matter18.Can you tell me _?A. what are you doingB. where do yo

26、u studyC. what you were doingD. what to do it19.He asked his father _.A. where it happensB. where did it happenC. how it happenedD. how did it happen20.No one tells us_，so we need your help.A. how we should doB. what should we doC. how to do itD. what to do it89直击中考1. Some of my friends are interest

27、ing in science, but none of them cantell_ _.A. when UFOs will appear next timeB. why do horses know the wayC. where was this kind of plant foundD. how do elephants communicate2. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?-Sorry. I dont know.A. when did he go abroadB. why he is going abroadC. how soo

28、n will he be backD. how long he will stay abroad3. -May I come in ? Im sorry I am late.-Come in, please. But could you please tell me _.?A. why you are late againB. what were you doing thenC. who you talked withD. how do you come to school4. -Could you please tell me _. ?-Bus No.32 will take you rig

29、ht there. A. where is Henan MuseumB. what Henan Museum is likeC. how can I get to Henan MuseumD. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _. .B. where are theyA. where they have beenC. where are they fromD. where they have gone6. -Do you kn

30、ow _the Capital Museum?-Next Friday.B. when they will visitA. when will they visitC. when did they visitD. when they visited7. He wanted to know _the English party.A. when will we haveB. when we will haveC. when would we haveD. when we would have8. I want to know _. .A. when we should arrive at the

31、airportB. when should we arrive at the airport C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at9. -David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me_. ?-He is a doctor.A. who is heB. who he isC. what is heD. what he is91011. -I wonder _ without water-About a

32、week.B. how long can man liveA. how long man can liveC. when man can liveD. when can man live1011宾语从句巩固练习参考答案1.参考答案 D 你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。2. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序， where 作从句的宾语。3. 参考答案 C 宾语从句用陈述语序， where 表示地点。4. 参考答案 A if 表示选择，我想你是否将喜欢他。5. 参考答案 B 有 or not ， 所以用 whether.6. 参考答案 C 宾语从句用陈述语序 .7. 参考答案 A

33、 宾语从句用陈述语序 ,who 作从句的宾语。8. 参考答案 A whose 是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词， 整体做从句的宾语。9. 参考答案 A 宾语从句用陈述语序。10. 参考答案 D 主句是过去时，从句也要用过去相应的时态，医生问我之前我已经病了，所以用过去完成时态。11. 参考答案 C if 连接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。12. 参考答案 B whose 是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从句的宾语。13. 参考答案 C 宾语从句用陈述语序。14. 参考答案 C 宾语从句用陈述语序，时态不受限制。15. 参考答案 C 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态，因为圣诞老人是之

34、前就把礼物放进袜子里了，所以用过去完成时态。16. 参考答案 B 有 or not 就用 whether.17. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序 , 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态。18. 参考答案 B 没有人告诉我们应该做什么，所以我们需要你的帮助。宾语从句用陈述语序，如果选 B 就是没有人做什么， us 后面是宾语从句，而 us 是宾格不能作从句的主语， 所以 C 选项缺少宾语从句的主语，应选 B.19. 参考答案 D 我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋。What 做 to do 的宾语。20. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序，他问我是否我能找出寄钱的人，主句用过去

35、时态，从句用过去相应的时态。能力提高练习参考答案1. 参考答案 D. 前一个 if 引导宾语从句，表示选择 “是否 ”，后一个 if 引导的是条件状语从句表示将来的动作，所以用主将从现。2. 参考答案 D. 我不知道后天他是否回来，宾语从句用陈述语序。3. 参考答案 D. where 表示地点，最近的医院在哪里。4. 参考答案 C 宾语从句用陈述语序，已经说了是修理录音机，所以不用 what, 而用 how.5. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序， whom 作照顾的宾语。6. 参考答案 A 主句用现在时态，从句不受限制，住在哪里用一般现在时，宾语从句用陈述语序。7. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用

36、陈述语序，从句是客观事实，用一般现在1112时。8. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序。9. 参考答案 B 宾语从句用陈述语序， what 在从句中做主语。10. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序， what 在从句中做宾语。11. 参考答案 C. 因为后面的从句是说他将回家，所以前面应该是我不知道他什么时间回家。12. 参考答案 B. B 是陈述语序，D 可以用 where you live 或 which youlive in.13. 参考答案 B. 宾语从句用陈述语序， what 在宾语从句中做 said 的宾语。14. 参考答案 A. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用现在的时态，从句根据事实

37、用相应的时态。15. 参考答案 C. 客观真理用一般现在时态。16. 参考答案 D. 距离多远一般用 how far ，go 是个瞬间动词，所以应该用可以表示持续动作的动词。17. 参考答案 A. 主句是过去时态，从句要用过去的相应时态，所以C、D 排除。 What 作宾语从句的主语。18. 参考答案 D. what 作动词不定式的真正宾语。19. 参考答案 C. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句是一般过去时态，从句也用过去时态。20. 参考答案 C. 因为不知怎样做，所以需要你的帮助，如果是不知道做什么，会有人告诉你做什么的。 如果对主语提问， 则特殊疑问句的语序不变。21. 参考答案 C. 如果对

38、主语提问，则特殊疑问句的语序不变。22. 参考答案 C. 后面有 or not 时，前面只能用 whether.23. 参考答案 C. 后面有 or not 时，前面只能用 whether.24. 参考答案 C. 在哪里买的电视，肯定是买回来了，所以应该用一般过去时，主句用现在时，从句可用任何时态。25. 参考答案 D. 又一个五年之后，应用 another.它将会变成什么样子，所以应用 what.26. 参考答案 B. 宾语从句用陈述语序， has gone to 表示已经去了，现在还在那里， has been to 表示曾经去过，现在不在那里。27. 参考答案 C. 宾语从句用陈述语序，后

39、面 if 引导条件状语从句，用主将从现时态。28. 参考答案 A. tomorrow 时间状语表明宾语从句用一般将来时， 后一个句子是 if 引导的条件状语从句，所以用主将从现。29. 参考答案 D. when 引导时间状语从句，表示将来的动作，用主从现。30. 参考答案 A. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用现在的时态，从句根据事实选择时态。31. 参考答案 D 主句用一般过去时，所以从句的时态必须是过去的相应时态，宾语从句用陈述语序。32. 参考答案 B 宾语从句用陈述语序，后面的时态是一般现在时，所以从句的时态也可以是一般现在时态。33. 参考答案 A how many people 在从句中

40、作主语，宾语从句用陈述语序。121334. 参考答案 D 我想知道他的名字是什么。 His name 作主语， what 在从句中作宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序。35. 参考答案 D 他问我，我怎么了。 What 在从句中作主语， with me 作伴随状语，宾语从句用陈述语序。36. 参考答案 B 你还记得在会上的时候，吉姆说什么了吗？ what 作从句的宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序。37. 参考答案 D 用 where 就不用 the way 了，所以排除 A、C。which作从句的主语，宾语从句用陈述语序。38. 参考答案 C 用多久时间一般都用 how long 提问， it 在从句中作形式主

41、语，真正的主语是 to get there. 宾语从句用陈述语序 .39. 参考答案 C 你知道他教什么科目吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。40. 参考答案 A 主句是一般过去时，所以从句只能是过去的相应时态，宾语从句用陈述语序。41. 参考答案 C 你知道那里发生什么了吗？不可能一只发生也不可能是被发生，所以只能是正在发生，宾语从句用陈述语序。42. 参考答案 A 由后面的答语可知，问的是时间，所以用 when.43. 参考答案 A 宾语从句用陈述语序。后面有时间状语 tomorrow ，所以从句用一般将来时。44. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序， 他住在哪里是表示状态的， 所以用一般现在时态，

42、又因 live 是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语，必须加个介词才可以， in the room, 所以后用介词 in.45. 参考答案 D 由 1.75 meters 得知，是问他有多高，所以用 how tall.46. 参考答案 C 主句用一般过去时态，从句要用过去相应的时态，因为在说话的时候， 已经写了信， 动作发生在过去的过去， 所以应该用过去完成时态。47. 参考答案 C 宾语从句中缺少 waiting for 的宾语，所以应该用宾格 whom.48. 参考答案 D 我不知道他是否还住这里。因为不确定，所以应该用 whether.49. 参考答案 A what 在宾语从句中做 said 的宾语。50. 参考答案 D 宾语从句用陈述语序，如果选 C 的意思就是我非常想知道他一直被忙，不应用被动语态， D 选项是合理的。51. 参考答案 C 宾语从句用陈述语序。52. 参考答案 C 宾语从句用陈述语序。53. 参考答案 C 同上。54.