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1、英语介词用法总括1.in序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1表示时间在某段时间朝代、世纪、年、季、月、早、下午、晚上、过去 等不具体的、模糊的时间段。in Tang dynasty; in the 19th century; in 1980;in this year; in spring; in a week; in a month; in the morning/afternoon;in July2表示位置在某个地方国家、区、省、市、区、太空、天空等(自然意义上的地方)in China; in hubei; in Beijing; in the sky在某个场所车、教室、超市等(注意和at的区别,

2、at一般用在:家、角、店、站、口等可能有和露天接触的地方)in the train; in the classroom;甲处于乙中有全身在某种环境之中的含义。We are in the classroom;They are sitting in the shade of a tree;3表示将来在以后用在一般将来时中,是从“现在时间点往后.”They will come back in 10 days.4语言单位材料/关于“材料“,注意和with在这个用法上的区别。(with偏向“工具”,in偏向“材料”)I wrote a novel in Russian;5状态方面服饰/状态:既可以指人的

3、状态,也可指物的状态; 方面:既可指具体,也可指抽象方面; 服饰:尤以颜色和状态常考He wasnt in good health, so talk in low voice.Our country in rich in natural resources;He is in red shoes today.2.on序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1表示时间在某天或一天内的某个时间段具体的某一天or某日的早、中、晚。(时间前有定语修饰特指)on Sunday(Mon.Tues);on May 12th 1998;on the night of Oct.29th;on Wed.morning; on

4、a cold night; on Childrens Day (核心提示:所有的阳历节日都是用on)2表示位置(具体)在上面与物体表面相接触(注意与aboveover的区别)There are a lot of books on the shelf;on the floor playgroundroadroofon the farm on the market(常考) on the face; on the head;(抽象)在上面收音机、电视、电话、网络、手机、问题、纸张(所有有形的,无形的“新闻媒体上”都是用on)on TV; on the radio; on the internet;o

5、n the phone在(边)上左、右、两边on the left; on the right; on both sides;there is a hotel on the lake.3表示状态处于状态人或者物的目前状态;on duty; on show; on fire; on strike; on sale; on business; on schedule; on time; on the country;on scale; on sale4表示关系关于文章or论著(高中阶段掌握)on指专门论述(注意和about相区别)I want a book on South Africa.He w

6、rote an article on the importance of birth control.靠相当于depend on的含义The people in the south live on rice;You cant afford the expensive ring on an income of 1000 yuan a month; on foot5特定时间一就(高中阶段掌握)相当于as soon as+主语的含义on entering the room, he found his friends dancing;初中阶段应掌握In的常见短语 介词短语On the spot当场;立

7、即;on the run在逃跑中;on the air在广播中;on fire着火;on time准时;on duty值日;on strike罢工; on sale上市;on the country相反地;on schedule按时间表,准时; on business公事; on display在展出;on the one hand一方面;on the other hand另一方面; on ones way to在路上;on ones own=by oneself; on top of; and so on等等;on purpose故意,专门特别注意:乘坐交通工具都用by,但on foot 步

8、行;on horse骑马;on donkey骑驴动词短语bring on引起,导致;call on号召,拜访;decide on 决定;depend on依靠,取决于;get on上车;相处;进展; go on继续; get on with进展,相处; look on旁观,观望;look onas把看/当作;look down on看不起,轻视;pass on传递,传交;hand on传递下去;put on表演,上演;戴/穿上;假装;take on 呈现,具有;流行;承担,雇用;turn on打开(灯,气,水,电器等);work on继续工作, 钻研(学问或技术); carry on继续开展,

9、坚持; holdon 继续;(电话)不挂断;抓牢,坚持;try on试穿。3.at序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1表示时间在时刻岁时in是时间段,at是时间点,相对更精确at noon; at night; at midnight; at dawn; at lunch; at breakfast; at supper; atdinner; at the moment; at the same time; at once; at the beginning of;at the endof; at the age of; at daybreak;at sunrise; atsunset; at 7

10、oclockat(on) the weekend常考2表示地点在位置或场所家、脚、角、店、站、口、底、中心、核心at the foot of; at the corner of ; at the crossroads; at the gate of; at the bottom of; at the top of; at the center of; at a distance; at the edge of ;at home; at the barbars; at the airport; at the station; at 405 Victory Road 3表示度速度以速度The ca

11、r ran at 120miles an hour; At full speed温度在度Water usually boils at 100; At 10 degrees centigrade价格按价格The pen was sold at a good price; at low cost4表示方向朝,向表示动作的方向aim at向.瞄准;shout at向.大喊;throw at向.扔;smile at向.微笑;rush at向.冲去;fire at向.开火5表示原因由于(高中阶段掌握一般用在系表结构中,对形容词的原因进行说明Iwas surprised at the news;Hewas

12、 discouraged at his failure6表示能力擅长于固定考点:be good at;be bad at;anexpert atHeis good at drawing(at后接名词或动名词)初中阶段应掌握In的常见短语 介词短语atfirst 首先,开始时;at last;at most;at least 至少;at all events 无论如何;at home 在家,无拘束;at a loss 不知怎办;at any rate 不管怎样;at length 详细地;be at high tide 处于高潮期;at our invitation 应我们的邀请;at our

13、request 应我们的请求;at the news 听到这消息;at the risk of 冒危险;at a great expense 以巨大费用;at intervals of 每隔;at the sight of 一见到at the point of 接近,靠近;at the thought of 一想到;at the speed of 以速度;at the cost (price) of 以为代价;at leisure 闲着、失业;at stake 在危险中、在成败关头;at bottom 实际上、本质上;at short notice 一得到通知;at seeing us 看到我

14、们;at the present stage 在现阶段;at the weekend 周末;at all times 永远;动词短语call at访问(某地);come at袭击,攻击; get at意指,本意是;理解;到达; knockat 敲打(门窗),敲击; look at看; work at从事, 致力于, 钻研; laugh at嘲笑;glare at怒目而视; glance at匆匆一瞥;point at指向4.about序号含义理解核心典型例句1关于、有关This is a book about how to study english2大约, 近于表示时间或数量Iwill be

15、 with you in about 3minutes;There are about 30students in the classroom.3到处,在周围,附近相当于here and thereHewalked about the street.4Whatabout?(习惯用语)about为介词,所以后接动词ing形式Whatabout taking a break?动词短语go about着手,四处走走;set about着手,开始;worry about为担心; come about 发生;care about关心、在意; bring about引起,带来,导致;knock about

16、漫游;lookabout四处看看,四处环顾;set about doing着手做,开始;turn about向后转;think about考虑(是否去做);argue about争论; know about了解;hear about听说;ask about询问;chat about闲聊;quarrel about争吵;speaktalk about谈论;complain about报怨5.above序号含义理解核心典型例句1高于,在之上表示位置、地位、年龄、价格、量(重、数、度)、音调等Themountain is 2000meters above the sea level(位置);I kn

17、ow youre above me socially, but I must say you are rude man(职位)The old lady is above eighty(年龄);Thereare above forty girl students in the class(数量);Our private car weighs 1.8tons(重量);Any money earned over that level is taxed(度量)2非能力所及,超出能力、行为、品质等The maths problem is above me;Honest above everything

18、else;He is above doing such things(他不至于做出那样的事情来)介词短语above all首先,最重要的是,最要紧的是;He was above all a good andtireless writer; above all, we must be health 6.across序号含义理解核心典型例句1横过、穿过表示动作的方向Heswam across the river;Thepoliceman helped the old man walk across the street.2在对面,在那一边表示位置上的对应关系,在隔着的对面Helives acros

19、s the street;Japanlies across the pacific ocean常见短语Come across偶遇;get across横穿马路;能理解,被听懂;run across偶遇,横跨;7.against序号含义理解核心典型例句1撞到、紧靠表示动作的方向,有靠、撞击的意思Ihave hit my head against a wall;Shestood with her back against the tree;Therain beat against the windows2反、逆、违背反对(赞成的反义)逆方向;违背(意愿等)Areyou for or against

20、 the plan?Therewere 20 votes for her and 12 against her;Heis swimming against this current.Shedid it against her own will3以防(大学阶段掌握此用法)Theysaved money against old age.4表示陪衬(高中阶段掌握此用法)Thered flag is fluttering against the blue sky;Hisred clothes stook out clearly against the snow.常见短语Go against违反、违背、

21、反对;stand against反对,不支持;turn against(转而)反对,背叛;run against违反,偶然遇到;fight against与斗争; over against正对着,在对面(fe: he lived over against the school)8.after序号含义理解核心典型例句1(时间、顺序、位置)在之后表时间时,后面跟的是个时间点After breakfast he ordered a taxi.After you,please.2探求、追求、追寻、找与be动词或其它动词合用时,有此含义Apolice is running after a thief;H

22、e is after a job at our place;3按照、仿照、依照、效仿相当于according to的含义Make sentence after the example They named the building after the scientist.4由于,尽管高级用法,高中阶段掌握After all his efforts, John has failed.常见短语介词短语day after day日复一日;year after year年复一年;one after another一个接一个地,相继;after a little/moment/while过了一会;aft

23、er all毕竟,终究;动词短语Look after照顾,照看; 9.along序号含义理解核心典型例句1顺着,沿着表具体:沿着具体物体的边缘We walked along the street.2顺着,沿着表抽象:沿着抽象事物的方向发展(该用法为along的副词用法)My life is going alongnicely常见短语1.along with与一起(The babys mother escaped from the fire along with two other children);2.all along一直(Ivebeen fooling myself all along)

24、3.bring along把带来,领来;使发展(Did you bring along some books?)4. come along 出现;沿着过来;加油;进展5. get on / along (with.)进展;相处10.among序号含义理解核心典型例句1在之中;在.中间表具体:三者或者三者以上之中I found him among the crowdPleasedivide the cake among you four表抽象Most important among the countrys problems is the lack of health facilities.2之

25、一相当于one of的功能Einstein is among the greatest scientists备注-among 与between的区别:三者与两者之间的区别。但在下列情况,between 可用于三者:(1) 当两个以上的人或物用and 连接时:between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之间;(2) 涉及事物之间的区别或各国之间的关系时:the difference between thethree of them 他们三者之间的区别the relations between variouscountries 各国之间的关系;(3) 表示“由于合作的结果”时:Betwe

26、en them they landed the fish. 他们协力把鱼拖上了岸。(4) 在 divide,share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后,若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词时,用 among between 均可:He divided his money among between hisfive sons. 他把钱分给了5个儿子。11.as序号含义理解核心典型例句1作为,当作注意和as for的区别(as for为至于,关于)Donttreat me as a child;I speak now as a friend,not as a teacher.As for me, I

27、 dont mind going there by train;2当时候,在同时as当“连词”时的用法Theplay started as I got there;AsI was a child,I liked singing very much3正如,就像Asyou can see,we are still working.因为,由于Wehave a very wonderful TV, but wehardlywatch itas we have so much houseworkto do.注1.As.as 像.一样 (the little girl over there looks a

28、sbeautiful as my daughter)2. as long as只要(fe: As long as you can keep awayfrom them, youre safe)3.as a matter of fact adv. 事实上(fe: Im leaving for Beijingtomorrow, as a matter of fact.)4. as a whole adv. 总体上(fe: We must consider these mattersas a whole)5. as far as adv. 远到, 直到, 至于(6.as if 好象似的 仿佛一样7.

29、 as well as adv. 也,又8.as well 也 (fe: Water is colourless, air aswell)9. not so much.as. 与其说.不如说是.(fe: He isnot so much a writer as a reporter)10.such as 像, 例如;譬如;诸如(fe: Many basic foodstuffs, such asbread and milk, are tax-free)11.look on.as 把.看作.12. before序号含义理解核心典型例句1在以前;在前面;在之前表示时间We have to fini

30、sh the work before 10 oclock.He made a speech before a lot of audience.He arrived before me.表示位置表示顺序2以前,以往(此时Before做副词)She had never been to Italy before3在以前(此时before做连词)I want to think it over before I decide about it常用短语1. before long 不久; I hope to see you again before long2. long before很久以前 Weve

31、seen that film long before13.behind序号含义理解核心典型例句1比晚;迟于表示时间Yourideas are behind the times;Hearrived ten minutes behind time.2在后面表示位置Hehide himself behind the tree.Thereis someone behind you.3落后于,低于,不如表抽象:表示力量、能力等Iam far behind you in EnglishJohnsbehind the rest of the class in reading.4支持;作为的后盾此时相当于su

32、pport的作用Hehad his mother behind him.常用短语1.behindschedule 不准时2.behindthe times 过时的3.behindthe curtain 在幕后4.farbehind 在后面很远,把远远的甩在身后5.leftbehind 遗留,留下(被动语句中更常用)14.below序号含义理解核心典型例句1在以下具体:表示位置(below含某个水平线或水平面以下的意思,而under是某个物体以下)Dontwrite your answer below this line;Fishwere swimming below the surface o

33、f the water.2低于,在.以下表示年龄Hecant be below fifty.3表示能力、级别、价值、程度、数量等Heis below me in the class;Hisincome is below the average income in the area;Duringthe night,temperatures dropped below zero.15.beside序号含义理解核心典型例句1在旁边;在.附近表具体位置:表示地点Hesat beside her all night;Iwant to buy a beautiful beside the river.2和

34、相比引申用法(大学阶段掌握)Besidehis ,my trouble is nothing;Mywork condition looks poor beside hers短语Be beside oneself (with sth)因而忘形,失去控制I was beside myself with joy.16.besides序号含义理解核心典型例句1除.以外(还有)注意和except的区别(except 用来引出陈述中唯一不适用的事物、情形、人或想法,是从整体中除去;而besides只是特别强调而已)BesidesEnglish ,we have to study math,Chinese

35、and so on.Besidescancer, smoking can lead other diseasesSheis a nice girl except a bit ugly. Therewasnt anything in the box except a few dirty clothes2另外,再说(此时当副词)Idont like that new dictionary, besides, its too expensive17.between序号含义理解核心典型例句1在之间(两者)(常和and常用)具体:表示时间、位置、数量The lunch hour is between 1

36、1 and13pm;Shanxi province is between henanand gansuThe temperature is between 25degree and 30 all week2抽象:表示比较、分配、关系、性质等Whats the differencde betweenwomen and man?They shared the chocolate betweenthe two of them;The relations between teachers andstudents are excellentMy job is between a secretary anda personal assistant.18.beyond序号含义理解核心典型例句1在的那边;在以外;表示具体位置:在某物体的范围之外The airport is 20miles beyond thetown;What lies beyond the mountains?2超出,高于表示抽象的范围、限度等This book is beyond me;He is living beyond his income;The beauty of West Lake ia beyo

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