动名词的用法及练习题

1、精品文档动名词的用法1动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词 + ing 构成，否定形式为 not doing ，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1）作主语动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如：Walking is good exercise.走路是很好的运动Seeing is believing.眼见为实。Smoking may cause cancer.吸烟可能导致癌症。Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.乘火车到杭州要 16 个小时。Swimming d

2、evelops the muscles.游泳可以发展肌肉。动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用It is 和There is 两种句式来表示 。例如：It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我从办公室回家要花十分钟。It needs time to make three copies of it.把它复制三份需要时间。Its nice talking with you.和你谈话很高兴。Its no use arguing with him.跟他争论没用。It is no use sending him over. I

3、ts too late already.派他去没用，已经太晚了。It was very difficult getting everything ready in time.要把一切按时准备好很困难。It is no use waiting for him any longer.等他是没有用的。It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light.用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。It is worthwhile consu

4、lting your tutor about it again.很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no harm in doing so.这样做没有害处。There is no littering about.不许乱扔杂物。1 欢迎下载精品文档2）作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于 的”或表示 “处于某件事情中的 ”含义。例如：swimmin

5、g pool游泳池reading material阅读材料walking stick手杖floating needle浮针opening speech开幕词listening aid助听器waiting room候车室running water自来水developing countries发展中国家working people劳动人民sleeping child熟睡孩子3）作表语动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是 “某件事 ”等。 例如：His part-time job is promoting new products for the compan

6、y.（动名词）他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent. （动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west.（动名词）他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。动名词作表语，容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。记住：动名词表语表达的是“某件事 ”(与不定式短语的意义相近 ) ，而现在分词表语表示 “具有某个作用”。例如：The situation is very mu

7、ch encouraging.（现在分词）形势非常令人鼓舞。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected.（现在分词）他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year.（不定式）他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。His wish is to become a pilot.（不定式）他的愿望是当飞行员。4）作宾语 。如：He is fond of playing football.I like swimming.

8、admit ，appreciate ，avoid ，consider ，delay ，dislike ，enjoy ，escape，excuse， face ， feel ，like ，finish ， forgive ， give up ，imagine ，include ，keep，mention ，mind，miss ，practise ， put off ，resist ， risk ， suggest ， canthelp （情不自禁）， cantstand （无法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。 forget ，go on，mean，regret ，reme

9、mber，stop ，try 等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。Let s go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）。2 欢迎下载精品文档Let s go on to study Lesson 6.（让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）I remember doing the exercise.（我记得做过练习。）I must remember to do it.（我必须记着做这事。）I tried not to go there.（我设法不去那里。）I tried doing it again.（我试着又干了

10、一次。）Stop speaking.（不要讲话。）He stopped to talk.（他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today.（我打算今天早些来。）Missing the train means waiting for another hour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）在 allow ，advise ，forbid ， permit 等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dontallow smoking here.We dontallow students to smoke.动词 ne

11、ed，require ，want 作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做， 这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Her method is worth trying.在短语 devote to ，look forwardto ，stickto ，to be used to ， objectto ，thank you for， excuse me for ， be(kept) busy，

12、havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，there s no use/good/need ，feel/seem like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon.在 love ， hate ， prefer ， like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。 start ，begin ，continue 在书面语中多后接动名词， 在

13、口语中多后接不定式。但 start 和 begin 在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语： 当主语是物而不是人时；当 start 或 begin 以 -ing 形式出现时，当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如：It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant.在 should(would) like/love等后须用不定式。5）动名词作状语动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结

14、果、方式或伴随情况。Having cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden. (时间 )打扫完房间，我们开始在花园里除草。Coming into the room, she saw everybody already at their work. (时间 )进屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。3 欢迎下载a smiling face a leading figure精品文档Being ill, he couldnt go to school. (原因 )因为生病，他不能去上学。Having no interest in the topic, he d

15、idnt go to the lecture. (原因 )由于对这个话题没有兴趣，他没去参加讲座。Working diligently, you will certainly succeed. (条件 )只要刻苦学习，你会成功的。Using atomic energy, we can build spaceships. (条件 )利用原子能，我们能够建造太空船。Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired. ( 让步 )( 尽管 ) 成绩是巨大的， ( 但) 仍有一些要求改进的东西。M

16、y car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (结果 )我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities. (方式 )我们坐火车访问了好多城市。Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. (伴随 )玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书。6）动名词作定语动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，如：笑脸领导人物动名词还能构成合成词作定语，如：easy-goi

17、ng man好说话的人swimming pool游泳池sleeping-pill安眠药片dining-car餐车当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.= She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai.她乘坐了去上海的火车。There are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park.= There are two roads

18、 before us, one which leads to the beach, the otherto the park.在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。2，练习题、单项选择：1.No one enjoys _ at.A. laughingB. to laughC. being laughedD. to be laughed2.You must do something to prevent your house _.A. to be broken inB. from being broken in。4 欢迎下载精品文档C. to break inD. from brea

19、king in3.They insisted on _ another chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. - Where is my passport? I remember _ it here.- You shouldnt have left it here. Remember _ it with you all the time.A. to put； to takeB. putting； takingC. putting；to takeD. to put；taking5.His room needs

20、_, so he must have it _.A. painting；paintedB. painted；paintingC. painting；paintingD. painted；painted6.Afterfinishinghishomeworkhe went on _ a letterto his parents.A. writeB. writingC. wroteD. to write7.The young trees we planted last week require _ with great care.A. looking afterB. to look afterC.

21、to be looked afterD. taken good care of8.Only _ English doesnt mean _ the language.A. to learn；to learnB. learning；learningC. learning about； learnD. learning about；learning9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _.A. missedB. to be missingC. missingD. to be missed10.She decided

22、 to devote herself _ the problem of old age.A. to studyB. studyingC. to studyingD. study11.Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it.A. putting backB. put backC. to put backD. be put back12.As she is looking forwardto_ from me, pleaseremember _this letter on your way to school.A. hear；postB

23、. hearing；to postC. be heard；postingD. be hearing ；to posting。5 欢迎下载精品文档13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _ your handwriting.A. to readB. to seeC. readingC. in seeing14.Writing stories and articles _ what I enjoy most.A. isB. areC. wasD. were15.We appreciate _ us to the ball.A. them to i

24、nviteB. to inviteC. their invitingD. being invited16.Would you mind _quiet for amoment?Im trying _ a form.A. keeping；filling outB. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill outD. to keep；filling out17.He was afraid _ for being late.A. of seeingB. of being seenC. to be seenD. to have seen18.Id like to su

25、ggest _ the meeting till next week.A. to put offB. putting offC. put offD. to be put off19.I dont see how I could possibly manage _ the work without_.A. finish； helpingB. to finish；being helpedC. finishing； helpingD. finishing；being helped20. Anything worth _ is worthy of _ well.A. doing；being doneB

26、. doing； doingC. to be done ；to be doneD. to be done；being done21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted _ the work.A. finishB. to finishC. in finishing D. on finishing22.I delayed _ your letter because I had been away for a week.A. answe 1ab1 rB. answeringC. writingD. to post23.The

27、 thief drove as fast as he could to escape _ by the police.A. to be caughtB. be caughtC. being caughtD. catching24.I searched for my wallet and it wasnt there. At first, I thought I_ it at home. Then I remembered _ it outto pay for the taxi.。6 欢迎下载精品文档A. must have left； to takeB. may leave；takingC.

28、might leave；to takeD. could have left；taking25. _ the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears.A. After hearingB. On hearing C. While hearingD. Having heard26. _ his mother, the baby could not help _.A. To see； to laughB. Seeing；to laughC. Seeing ； laughingD. To see；laughing27.Its no use _ so

29、much money on clothes.A. spendB. spentC. spendingD. being spent28.The sentence needs _.A. improveB. a improvementC. improving D. improved29.If he succeeded _ a job,his childrenwouldntbe suffering fromhungernow.A. to findB. to look forC. in findingD. in looking for30.I still remember _ to my home town when I was young.A. takingB. takenC. being takenD. to take、填入动名词的适当形式：1. Can you imagine yourself _ in a lonely island? (stay)2. I cant understand your _ at that poor child. (laugh)3. She didnt mind _ overtime. (work)4. To make a living,he tried_, _, and various