非谓语动词作宾语补足语讲解与练习(修订版)

1、非谓语动词作宾语补足语定义 ：宾语补足语通常是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、 特征的成分， 多由名词 ,形容词、副词、不定式 ,动名词个分词充当 .如： The sun keeps us warm .We call her Jenny .They found him out .Make yourself at home .They wish you to go with them .I heard him singing .You must get your hair cut .宾语 +宾语补足语 =复合宾语， 宾语和宾语补足语之间在逻辑上往往有主表、或者主谓的关系.一、动词 不定式 作宾补。

2、1.V1 + sb. + to do sth.常用动词有：advise 建议allow允许 ask 叫，请bear 忍受beg 乞求cause 导致command 命令encourage 鼓励expect 期待forbid 禁止force迫使get 使hate 讨厌help帮助intend想要invite邀请leave 让like喜欢mean打算need 需要oblige 迫使order 命令permit允许persuade 说服prefer 宁愿request 请求remind 提醒teach 教tell 告诉trouble 麻烦want 想要warn 警告wish 希望wait for 等

3、would like 想要would love 想要would prefer宁愿persuade (劝说） sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth温馨提示：1. advise, forbid,allow, permit 这四个词后既可以直接加动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语补足语，即构成doing sthadvise/ forbid/ allow/ permitsb to do sth2. fear, excuse, refuse, insist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand, thank, arran

4、ge 等动词后不可接 sb to do sth。They forbade her to leave the country.他们禁止她离开国家。Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.请提醒我开会不要迟到。3. He asked me to keep my word.他要我信守承诺。练习：Exercise11. I didn t want my parents _(help ) me.2. We d prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang.3. The school ordered al

5、l the classroom _( clean ).4. My parents expect me _( go )to a ideal university.5. Joan promised the dinner _( cook ) before we returned.6. The doctor advised the patient _( take ) two pills every four hours.7.My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷 )A. for me taki

6、ngB. me takingC. for me to takeD. me to take8.The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (北京卷 )A. don t makeB. not makeC. not makingD. not to make9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (全国卷 )A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not do二、在感官动词 (feel, listen to, hea

7、r, see, look at, watch, notice等 )和使役动词 (make, let, have)后，要用不带to 的不定式作宾补。但在这些动词的被动式(如果可以变为被动式的话 )后用作主语补足语的不定式要带to。The boss made her work long hours.主语谓语宾语宾补Shewas madeto worklong hours (by her boss).主语谓语主补诀窍：某些动词真奇怪，to 来 to 去令人猜；主动语态to 离开，被动语态to 回来。记忆方法：一感 (feel) 、二听 (hear, listen to) 、三让 (let, have

8、, make) 、五看 (see, look at, watch, notice， observe)。注： (1) 动词 help 后，可以加to,也可以省略to.I will help him (to) clean the room.。Lucy often helps her brother (to) learn English.口诀： 宾补省 to 有习惯，只有动词十一个半：五“看”二“听”一“感觉” ，三个“使役”紧跟着。一个“帮助”两均可，牢记保你不出错。练习：1. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was m

9、ade _ by his little sister.A. cry, to cryB. crying, cryingC. cry, cryD. to cry, cry2. Paul doesn t have to be made _. He always works hard全国.(卷 )A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning注意：感官动词feel， hear， listen to ， see， watch， notice， observe， look at （一感二听五看） + do 作宾补，表示事情全过程或一次性动作，该动作已完成。表示一个事实。

10、+ doing 作宾补，表示一个正在进行和发生的动作，尚未结束。具有一定的描述性。 + done 作宾补， sb 跟 done 之间是被动关系。总结： See/ watch/observe 等1. I saw him _(change )the wheel of his car. 我看见他在换汽车轮子。2. I saw him _(change)the wheel of his car. 我看见他换了汽车轮子。3. I saw the wheel of his car_( change) by a boy just now.4. Suddenly I noticed her_( stand)

11、outside. 突然我注意到她正站在外边。5. I have never heard the song _(sing) in my school. 我从未听过这首歌在我们学校被唱过。三、动词 leave, find, keep, catch 后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语的情况doing 让 一直做某事（表主动关系，正在进行）1. leave sth. /sb.undone （ unfinished, unsettled, 等）留下某事未做leave to do sth 留下某人做某事表将来的动作Leave sth to be done 留下某事要做doing发现 /使 / 撞到 做某事2. f

12、ind /keep/ catch sb. /sth.done发现 /使 / 撞到 被 1.It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night. (全国卷 )A. to burnB. burntC. burningD. burned2.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. (全国卷 )A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand

13、into the pocket of a passenger. ( 安徽卷)A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting4. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off. ( 全国卷 )A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to stealD. stealing5.Don t leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (天津卷 )A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run 。

14、四、表示心理状态的动词consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等动词后的不定式通常“ to be+形容词或名词结构，to be 常可省略。We consider him (to be) a good teacher.He proved that theory (to be) very important.五. 用非谓语动词作宾语补足语的常用结构：1. have/get sth. done 让某事被 例： I ll have/get my computer repaired.2. have /

15、 make / let sb. do让某人做某事例： She made me cry/ got me to cry.get sb. to do3. have sb. /sth.doing sth. 让 持续地做 4. get sb / sth doing 使 .开始做 .5. make oneself done 使某人自己被 .She spoke loudly to make herself heard by the audience.make oneself 后常用 understood 等过去分词作宾补make oneself understood / heard / seen / kno

16、wn 让别人明白自己的意思/ 让自己讲的话被别人听到 / 让自己被别人看到/ 让自己被别人认识。如：1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn t make himself _. ( 全国卷 )A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard2. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. ( 广西卷 )A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to makeh

17、erself heard练习：选择词的合适形式。1. They have seen the tree (fall/falling) down.2. Anna saw her daughter (shout/shouting) at her father when she came into the room. 3.Lucy saw Tom (steal/stealing) money from an old lady secretly.4. Li Ming saw his bike (repair/repaired) by the technician.5. Jenny saw her mot

18、her (cooking/cooked) when she got home.6. I have seen the flower (plant/planted) in the garden.六 with 复合结构中非谓语动词作宾语补足语的情况。doing （主动；进行）with + n./pron. +done（被动；完成 / 状态）to do （将来）1. With so many things to buy, he went to the market.2. With all the things bought, he left the supermarket.3. With many p

19、eople waiting outside, the manager felt worried.Exercise:1.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog_them.A. to followB. followingC. followedD. follows2. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_.A. FinishedB. finishingC. having finishedD. was finis

20、hedhave， get， make ， leave 后作宾补的非谓语动词形式一、 have1 have + sth. + done(1) 表示“叫 /让 /请别人做某事” ，动作的执行者不是主语，也不是宾语，而是别人。I will have my bike repaired this afternoon.今天下午我要请人修理自行车。(2) 表示遭遇不幸事件，是句中的主语所经历的。He had his arm broken. 他的手臂摔断了。(自己的经历 )He had his wallet stolen at the railway station.他的钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。2 have +

21、 sb. + do sth.表示“使 /让 /叫某人做某事” ，动作的执行者为宾语。I ll have Bob call you back later. 我会让鲍勃稍后给你回电话。 （ call 是由 Bob 执行） The teacher had us clean up the classroom. 老师让我们打扫教室。 （ clean 是由 us 执行）注意： have sth. to do 表示“有事情要做” 。在此结构中，不定式作定语。如：I m sorry, I can t go out with you. I have an urgent thing to settle.我很抱歉，

22、我不能和你出去。我有一件紧急的事情要解决。3 have + sb./sth. + doing sth.表示“使某人 /物一直处于某种状态” ，动作的执行者为宾语， 但是动词必须是延续性动词，后面常接一个时间段。He had her standing in the rain for two hours.他让她在雨中站了两个小时。注意： have sb. doing 用于否定句时，其中have 有“容忍”之意。I won t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不能容忍你和你父亲那样讲话。Exercise：1. Don t have the dog (

23、 bark) much ， Lilin. 李林，别让狗狂吠不停。2. She had her money (steal) when she got on the bus.3. I had my watch (repair) last week.4. I m leaving .Do you have anything ( say)?5. The boss often has them (work) for 14 hours a day.6. She is going to attend an important meeting ,but she has no clothes (wear).7.

24、The poor woman had a small room (live in).8. We have a lot of money .Do you have anything (worry about) ？9. Do you have any clothes (wash)?,Sir asked the maid( 女仆 ).10. I can t go swimming today, for I have so many clothes (wash).二、 get1get + sb.+ to do sth.= have + sb. + do sth.表示“让某人做某事” ，动作执行者是宾语

25、，强调未来的动作。He got his brother to help him.他让他兄弟来帮助他。I got him to stop smoking.我让他停止吸烟。2get + sth. + done表示“让 被做” ，强调被动性的动作。He got his hair cut.他理发了。（他的头发是被剪）3get + sb./sth. + doing sth.表示“让某人 /物一直 ”或“使某人 / 某物开始活跃或使某物开始工作” ，强调已做或正在进行的动作。He got his bike running very fast.他把自行车骑的飞快。Who can get the machin

26、e running? 谁能启动这台机器？Exercise：1. He managed to get the task_(finish) on time. 他设法按时完成了任务。2. The director got her assistant _some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008 全国 II 卷 )A. picked upB. picks upC.to pick upD. picking up3. The boss is always getting her _ (type) letters for him.4. The boss made the wor

27、kers _ (work) day and night.三、 makemake 意为“使”，有轻微强迫之意。1make + sb. + do sth.表示“（迫）使某人做某事” ，动作执行者是宾语，被动语态为sb. be made to do sth.。He made me laugh. 他使我发笑。被动语态为：I was made to laugh by him.2make + sb. + done表示“使某人被 ” ，并强调动作的被动性，宾语为动作承受者。Please speak louder to make yourself heard. 请讲大声点以便你让别人听到。Exercise：1. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room _ (hear) him clearly.2. He raised his voice to make himself _ (hear).3. When I fi