高考英语虚拟语气练习及详解

1、虚拟语气一、考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（ 1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（ be 动词的过去式用were） ”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形 ”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.（ 2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用 “would / should / might / could + have + 过去分词

2、 ”。如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（ 3）表示与将来事实相反，动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或would / should/should(were to) +could might +动词原形。如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（ 4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：If

3、 they had worked hard, they would be very tired.( 从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主句与过去事实相had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have +过反去分词与现在事实相一般过去时 (be 用 were)would/should/could/might +动词原形反与将来事实相一般过去时或 should(wereWould/should/cold/might +动词原形反to) +动词原形有时侯在使用时可省略if, 句子则可换成下

4、列形式，即“were / had / should +主语 ”。如：Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（ 1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 “ wish +宾语从句 ”表示不能实现的愿望， 译为 “要是 就好了 ”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望， 从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时； 表示将来不能实现的愿望， 从句中的谓语动词用“would/co

5、uld + 动词原形 ”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词 ”或 “could(should) + have + 过去分词 ”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird. 在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order 等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。

6、如：She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.（ 2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、 要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order 、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request 等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（ should） + 动词原形 ”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is

7、 that they (should)pay 100 dollars.（ 3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中， 谓语动词的虚拟语气用 “should + 动词原形 ”的结构， 表示惊奇、 不相信、理应如此等。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested

8、, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that 从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you can t swim.3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用（ 1）虚拟语气在 as if/as though、 even if/even though 等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时； 指

9、现在状况，则用一般过去时； 指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.（ 2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“Itis (high)time (that) ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be 用 were)或 should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在 ) 该”。如：It s time that I picked up my daughter.It s high time we were going.（ 3）虚

10、拟语气用在if only 引导的感叹句中。如：If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.（ 4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些习惯表达法中。如：Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tel

11、l you.二、精典名题导解选择填空1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (NMET95)A.breaksB.has brokenC.were brokenD.had been broken解析：答案为C。本题考查的是as if引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if 引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were b

12、roken。2. I didn seet your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met mybrother.(NMET94)A.has comeB.did comeC.cameD.had come解析：答案为 D。本题考查的是 if 条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。 因此如果 “她来了 ”与事实相反， 前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以 if 从句中用 had+过去分词。3. If he _, he _that food. Luckily he was sent to the

13、 hospital immediately.(NMET93)A.was warned; would not takeB.had been warned; would not have takenC.would be warned; had not takenD.would have been warned; had not taken解析：答案为 B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B 。虚拟语气1 I enjoyed the movie very much I wish Ithe book f

14、rom which it was made A have readB had readC should have readD am reading2 You are late If youa few minutes earlier,youhim A came； Would meetB had come； Would have metC come； Will meet D had come； would meet3 I can t stand himHe always talks as though heeverythingA knewB knowsChas knowD had known4 H

15、is doctor suggested that heshort trip abroad A will takeB would takeC takeD took5 We might have failed if youus a helping handA have not givenB would not giveC had not givenD did not give6 The law requires that everyronehis car checked at least once a monthA hasB haveC hadD will have7 He was busy ye

16、sterday， otherwise heto the meeting A would comeB would have beenC could have beenD would be8 If there were no subjunctive mood ， Englishmuch easierA will beB would have beenC could have beenD would be9the fog， we should have reached our schoo1A Because ofB In spite ofC In case ofD But for10 What wi

17、ll you do during winter vacation? I don t know，but it s about timesomethingA I decidedBI ll decideCI d decidedD I m deciding11 He was very busy yesterday， otherwise ，heto your birthday party A would comeB cameC would have comeD should come12 The two strangers talked as if theyfriends for years A sho

18、uld beB had beenC have beenD were13 Look!What you ve done!Youhave been more carefulA shouldB mayC oughtD would14 Without electricity ， what?A will the world be likeB would the world be likeCthe world will be likeD the World Would be like15 With your ability ， youout the puzzle within a few minutes A

19、 could have workedB need have workedB Cought have workedD must have worked16 My suggestion is that the sick boyto hospital as soon as possibleA is takenB must be takenC be takenD has to be taken17 If we had not missed the bus ， welunch at home now A would have hadB would haveC must be havingD would

20、be having18here yesterday， he would attend the lecture with us today A Had he beenB If he wereCWere heD Should be he19 His tired face suggested thathereally tired after the 1ong walk A had beenB wasC beD should be20 Do you feel that Ithe problem in a different way the other day?A should comeB should

21、 have solvedC have solvedD solved21 0ur chairman hasn t comeIfyetheon time ， we would have to put off the meeting A should comeB would comeCshouldn t comeD doesn t come22 He insisted that hereally very tried and that heto have a restA was； be allowedB was； must be allowedCshould be； must be allowedD

22、 should be； be allowed23 He did his best in everything ；he would not have been what he wasA andB butC otherwiseD but that24 I doI could give you a hand A hopeB wishC expectD think25 I Would rather shetomorrow than today A comeB cameC shouldD has come26 The guard at the gate insisted that everybodyth

23、e rulesA obeysB obeyC will obeyD Would obey27 Iher if I thought she would understand A would tellB will tellC Would have to1dD told28 The teacher requires Roseby heart 15 English words each day A 1earnB to learnC must learnD 1earning29 If he， hethat food Luckily he was sent to the hospita1 immediate

24、1y A Was warmed； would not takeB had been warmed； wou1d not have takenCwould be warmed ； had not takenD would have been warmed ； had not taken30 Without electricity human lifequite different today A isB will beC would have beenD Would be虚拟语气l-5 BBACC6-10BBDDA11-15CBABA16-20 CDABBD21-25CACBB26-30BCBB

25、D虚拟语气强化训练1 Were it not for the snowy weather, we _all right.A. would beB. would have beenC. wereD. may be2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A. If the captain wereB. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been3. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know.A

26、. should callB. should not have been ableC. were not ableD. are not able4. If you asked your father, you _ permission.A. may getB. might getC. should have calledD. maybe get5. _today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves6. _I you, I would

27、go with him to the party.A. WasB. Had beenC. Will beD. Were7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _our chairman now.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be8. _ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last SundayA. In spite ofB. But forC. Because o

28、fD. As for9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _your adviceA. followB. would followC. had followedD. have followed10.If the horse won today, it _ thirty races in five years.A. would have wonB. wonC. must have wonD. did have won11.There is a real possibility that these animals could b

29、e frightened, _a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. should there beC. there wasD. there having been12. If you hadn t taken such a long time to get dressed, we d_ there by now.A. beB. circlesC. is circlingD. be circling13.I wish I _ with her.A. would beB. amC. wasD. were14.The picture exhibition bore

30、d me to death. I wish I_ to it.A. had not goneB. have not goneC. did not goD. can not have gone15.George would certainly have attended the meeting, _ .A. if he didn t get a flat tireB. if the flat tire hadn t happenedC. had he not had a flat tireD. had the tire not flattened itself16.The teacher sug

31、gested that her students _ experiences with ESP.A. write a composition on theirB. to write composition about theC. wrote some compositions of his or herD. had written any compositions for his17.He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese.A. wereB. had beenC. isD. has been18.Looking round the t

32、own, he felt as though he _ away for ages.A. has beenB. wasC. isD. had been19. Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.A. doB. don tC. didn tD. didn t do20.It is important that the TOEFL office _ your registration.A. will confirm

33、B. confirmC. confirmsD. must confirm21.Without electronic computers, much of today s advanced technolog.yA. will not have been achievedB. have not been achievedC. would not have been achievedD. had not been achieved22.He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese.A. wereB. had beenC. isD. has be

34、en23.It is time that the government _measures to protect the rare birds and animals.A. takesB. tookC. has takenD. taking24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant _all diplomas from elementary school to university.A. hasB. will haveC. should haveD. must h

35、ave25.He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting.A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. had come26.If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. would have told27.I had hoped that John _ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three

36、 months.A. spendsB. spentC. would spendD. will spend28. It s high time they_ this road.A. mendB. mendedC. must have mendedD. will mend29. It s about time people_ notice of what women did during the war.A. takeB. tookC. have takenD. will take30. He s working hard for fear that he_ .A. should fall beh

37、indB. fell behindC. may fall behindD. would fall behind31.In the past men generally preferred that their wives_ in the home.A. workedB. would workC. workD. were working32.For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child_ psychologically ready for the new

38、idea.A. isB. wereC. beD. would be33.Your advice that_ till next week is reasonable.A. she waitsB. she waitC. wait sheD. she waited34.It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.A. singB. singedC. had signedD. were signing35.I advised that the sick child _ a hospital as soon as possibl

39、e.A. should send toB. should be sentC. be went toD. must be sent to36.The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be 20 percent.A. be raisedB. would be raisedC. raisedD. raise37.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeysB. obeyC. will obeyD. would obey38. My suggesti

40、on is that she _ more exercise, which will do a lot of good to her.A. takesB. must takeC. takeD. took39.If only I _ driving before.A. learnB. learnedC. had learnedD. would learn40._ she _ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.A. If, didn tleaveB. Had not, leftC. Hadnt, leftD. Didn t, lea

41、ve答案1 20:ABABCDDBCABADACAADDB21 40:CDBCCACBBACCBACABCCC高考虚拟语气：1. - If he _, he _ that food.- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned would not takeB. had been warned would not have takenC. would be warned had not takenD. would have been warned had not taken2.I didn tsee your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come3.When a pe