中考新突破（江西专用）中考英语 话题二十二 科普知识与现代技术试题

1、话题二十二科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology).完形填空A( 2016淮安改编)Have you ever heard of “a ball of energy”？People often use it to describe very _1_ children. But today we tell about an invention called the sOccket, that is a real soccer ball of energy. Julia Silverman explains that _2_ the sOcc

2、ket is a portable generator(便携式发电机). Julia Silverman and Jessica Matthews _3_ the sOccket as part of a group project(项目) for an engineering class at Harvard University.There are mechanisms(装置) in a sOccket. When you kick, hit or _4_ it, energy is then kept in it by these mechanisms instead of disapp

3、earing into the environment.Then the user can put something directly into the ball, like a lamp(灯), or a mobile phone charger (充电器) _5_ they can get energy from it.For every fifteen minutes of the game play, the sOccket can _6_ enough electricity for an LED lamp for three hours, and the_7_ can store

4、 up to 24 hours electricity.The International Energy Association reported last year that _8_ one and a half billion people in the world had no electricity to use, and most of them live in subSaharan Africa and in India and other _9_ in Asia.Julia Silverman and Jessica Matthews both had _10_ in devel

5、oping countries before they began the project. They knew that power shortages are a serious problem in many areas.Theres an energy crisis(危机) in the world. One fifth people in the world dont have any _11_. And besides that, there are a lot of health problems because what people use instead of the el

6、ectricity are _12_ choices like kerosene(煤油) lamps. They _13_ a lot of smoke.Julia Silverman says the sOccket ball is one small solution to a big problem.Jessica Matthews and Julia Silverman hope their sOccket ball will _14_ more light on the problem of power shortages. It _15_ people a chance to pu

7、t their energy into the worlds most popular sport and get some energy in return.(B)1.A.lazy Bactive Cbored Dsilent (D)2.A.in the face of Bin totalCin that case Din fact(A)3.A.developed Binfluenced Clocked Dmailed(C)4.A.buy Bfinish Cthrow Dhate (A)5.A.so that B.when Cthough Dunless (B)6.A.afford B.pr

8、ovide Csuggest Dimprove (D)7.A.phone Blamp Ccomputer Dball(C)8.A.heavily B.hardly Cnearly Dhappily (B)9.A.cities Bcountries Ctowns Dvillages(D)10.A.heroes B.instructions Csentences Dexperiences(A)11.A.electricity Bcreativity Cdiscovery Dability (B)12.A.wise B.harmful Cgood Dhelpful (C)13.A.kill Bsel

9、l C.produce Dgive (A)14.A.shine Bcelebrate Ccreate Ddivide (D)15.A.refuses Bguesses Clends Doffers【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由哈佛大学的Julia Silverman 和Jessica Matthews共同发明的一种能够提供能量的足球，它其实就是一种便携式发电机。在踢球的过程中，通过踢球，击球，扔球所产生的能量被储存在球内部的一个装置里被保存起来，这些能量可以被用来给手机充电、照明等。【答案精析】1B考查形容词辨析。lazy“懒惰的”；active“活跃的”；bored“厌倦的”；s

10、ilent“沉默的”。由“energy”可知用来描述“活跃的”孩子。故选B。2D考查介词短语辨析。in the face of“面对”；in total“总共”；in that case“既然那样”；in fact“实际上”。由句意可知他解释sOccket“实际上”就是一台便携式发电机。3A考查动词辨析。develop“开发；发展”；influence“影响”；lock“锁上”；mail“邮寄”。由后半句中的“a group project”可知他们把“开发”sOccket作为集体项目的一部分。故选A。4C考查动词辨析。buy“买”；finish“结束”；throw“扔”；hate“讨厌”。和

11、前面的动作kick和hit语境相似的是throw。故选C。5A考查连词辨析。so that“目的是；为了”；when“当时”；though“尽管”；unless“除非；如果不”。“put something directly into the ball”的目的是“get energy from it”。故选A。6B考查动词辨析。afford“承担得起；买得起”；provide“提供”；suggest“建议”；improve“提高”。由上文“For every fifteen minutes of the game play”和下文“The.can store up to 24 hours el

12、ectricity.”可知每踢15分钟，sOccket就能为一盏LEF灯提供三个小时的电能。故选B。7D考查名词辨析。phone“电话”；lamp“灯”；computer“电脑”；ball“球”。由上句中的“the sOccket can .enough electricity for an LED lamp for three hours.”可知it指的就是sOccket，而sOccket就是a real soccer ball of energy。故选D。8C考查副词辨析。heavily“严重地；重地”；hardly“几乎不”；nearly“将近”；happily“高兴地”。由下文“The

13、y knew that power shortages are a serious problem in many areas.”可知这里是指近15亿的人没有电用。故选C。9B考查名词辨析。city“城市”；country“国家”；town“城镇”；village“村庄”。由上文中的India可知这里是指亚洲的其他国家。故选B。10D考查名词辨析。hero“英雄”；instruction“说明”；sentence“句子”；experience“经历”。由下句“They knew that power shortages are a serious problem in many areas.”

14、可知他们在发展中国家经历了电力短缺的问题。故选D。11A考查名词辨析。electricity“电力”；creativity“创造力”；discovery“发现”；ability“能力”。由上文“one and a half billion people in the world had no electricity to use”可知是指“电力”短缺。故选A。12B考查形容词辨析。wise“明智的”；harmful“有害的”；good“好的”；helpful“有帮助的”。由“like kerosene(煤油) lamps”和“a lot of smoke”可知是指用“有害的”方式来取代电力照明

15、。故选B。13C考查动词辨析。kill“杀死”；sell“买”；produce“产生”；give“给”。众所周知，煤油灯点燃时会产生大量的烟。故选C。14A考查动词辨析。shine“发光”；celebrate“庆祝”；create“创造”；divide“分开”。由“sOccket ball is one small solution to a big problem”以及sOccket ball是个能量提供装置可知他们希望sOccket ball能发出更多的光。故选A。15D考查动词辨析。refuse“拒绝”；guess“猜”；lend“借”；offer“提供；给予”。由上文后半句“get s

16、ome energy in return”可知是为人们提供把能量注入足球中的机会。故选D。 B (2016山西改编) 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给的词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。greetsmilesendlivelyimpolite happywheneasyreasonperson When I open my email the other day, Rachel, a pretty woman, appeared on my computer screen. She greeted me by name and started talking 1 happily.

17、 Sometimes she stopped 2 to_smile at me or blow a kiss. It was cool, right? In fact, she was reading to me an e-mail from my brother John. Rachel chould be there because of a new technology called Facemail. Facemail lets you3 send e-mails in a funny way. By using it, your e-mails can be read to the

18、receiver by an attractive4 person or by a clown(小丑). You can download the software at www. F without paying. Facemail faces are 5 lively and they can simulate (模仿) the emotions that you put in your text. For example, type(输入) in ， and Rachel blows a kiss. Life FX, the company that develop

19、ed the Facemail, is sure there are wide business uses. Why is e-business not so popular now? One of the 6 reasons is that buying online has no human touch. But if you go to the Nike website, and the famous basketball star Michael Jordan 7 greets you by name, serves you, and personally closes the sal

20、e, wont you be happy? Also, if Mom cant be home 8 when kids get back from school, she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them what there is to eat.Its true that Facemail makes life 9 easy and fun, but it should be used with care. The clown looks lively and funny at first

21、. But if you choose the clown, put a few 10 impolite words in an e-mail and add some angry emotions, youve got a Psycho mail(疯人型邮件)【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种叫做Facemail的科技新产品，能以一种颇为迷人的男性、女性或丑角的形象向电子邮件的接收者发送邮件。Facemail发送的电子邮件能够将其内容拟人化，并带有发送者所赋予的表情，这样就使得阅读邮件的过程变得很有趣、令人感觉很舒适。【答案精析】1happily修饰动词talking要用副词，

22、由前半句中的“greeted me by name”可知此处表示“开心地谈话”，故填happily。2to smile由stop doing sth.和stop to do sth.结构确定此空填动词的ing形式或“to动词原形”。由空格后的介词“at”确定选smile，smile at意为“朝微笑”。最后由“or blow a kiss”可知是停止交谈来朝“我”微笑。故填to smile。3send由let sb. do sth.结构确定此空填动词原形，由空格后的emails可知“发送”电子邮件用send。4person由空格前的形容词“attractive”确定此空填名词，再由后半句中的“

23、by a clown”确定此空填person。5lively由空格前的“are”确定此空填形容词，再由“For example, type(输入) in, and Rachel blows a kiss.”可知此处表示邮件很生动，故填lively。6reasons由空格前的“the”确定此空填名词，再由前句“Why is ebusiness not so popular now？”确定填名词reason。另外，“one of”后要接复数名词。故填reasons。7greets此空作谓语，要用动词。再由“serves you”可知选择greet。注意是一般现在时且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词gr

24、eet后要加s。8when由“she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them what there is to eat”可知是“当孩子们从学校回到家时”。故填when。9easy由“make宾语形容词”结构确定此空填形容词，由空格后“and fun”可知此处填easy。10impolite由“add some angry emotions”确定填impolite。.阅读理解A 中国制造的世界上最大的两栖飞机AG600 Worlds largest amphibious (两栖的) planethe

25、 AG600 was made in the southern city of Zhuhai in China on July 24th，2016. It plans to use to fight forest fires and perform marine rescue missions(海洋救援任务). The plane has a maximum(最大的) takeoff weight of 53.5 tons, a maximum cruising(巡航) speed of 500 kilometers per hour, a maximum flight range(范围) o

26、f 4，500 km, and a maximum endurance(耐力) of 12 hours.The 37meterlong AG600 is by far the worlds largest amphibian plane. It has a wing span(跨度) of 38.8 meters. It is about the size of a Boeing 737.Besides taking off and landing like an ordinary plane, the AG600 can also take off from and land on an a

27、rea of water. It is at least 1，500 meters long, 200 meters wide and 2.5 meters deep.It is expected to become an important part of Chinas resources for dealing with emergencies(紧急事件). It can collect 12 tons of water in 20 seconds, and carry up to 370 tons of water on a single tank of fuel(燃料)The AG60

28、0 can also rescue up to 50 people far offshore(近海的). It is also useful in developing and exploiting(开采) marine resources.The plane is the result of nearly seven years of work by a group of 70 plane component (部件) manufacturers (制造厂) and research teams with over 150 institutes(机构) from 20 provinces a

29、nd municipalities(自治区) in China. The development and production of the plane received governments agreement in 2009.(D)1.What does the AG 600 plan to use to do?ACarry passengers to the island.BDevelop the use of the plane.CFight against the enemies.DFight forest fires and perform marine rescue missi

30、ons.(A)2.Which of the following about AG 600 is True?AIt is as big as a Boeing 737.BIts maximum takeoff weight is 50 tons.CIt has a maximum endurance of 10 hours.DIt has a maximum flight range of 5，500 km.(B)3.What does the underlined word “It” refer to in the fourth paragraph?AThe plane. BAn area o

31、f water.CThe land. DThe planes wing.(B)4.What would be the best title for the passage?AChina has made worlds largest planeBWorlds largest amphibious plane the AG600CAmphibious planes missions DThe result of seven years work 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国制造的世界上最大的两栖飞机AG600的一些相关情况。【答案精析】1D细节理解题。由第一段第二句“It pla

32、ns to use to fight forest fires and perform marine rescue missions (海洋救援任务)”可知选D。2A细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“It is about the size of a Boeing 737.”可确定A符合短文内容。由第二段内容可知B、C、D三项与原文不符。故选A。3B单词指代题。由“the AG600 can also take off from and land on an area of water”可知选B。4B标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了中国制造的世界上最大的两栖飞机AG600。故选B。B请先阅

33、读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中，选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。This is a home of the future, a “smart home”. Technology can do almost everything in it. Imagine we are in the year 2050, the computer wakes Tom up in the morning as usual. In front of him is a todo list of the important events for the day. It

34、is provided by the computer, too. 1_G_ All the dishes are nice.As Tom eats breakfast, the computer reminds him to reply to Lucy. Before Tom finishes his next bite (一口), Lucys computer receives the message. 2_E_ The stores system checks his car when he drives to the pickup area and greets him by name

35、. “Good morning, Tom! Your order is in Case 4. Thank you for shopping.” When Tom removes his order from Case 4, all trades are completed automatically(自动地) over the information superhighway. 3_B_ Soon after arriving at the office, Tom reads another message from Lucy, telling him that she will go to

36、dinner with him.The smart home can also do many other things：Find things like keys and mobile phones.4_C_Clean your home from clothes to buildings automatically.Record everything and everyone entering and leaving the house.Take care of each member of the family, young or old. 5_D_ It is sure to play

37、 an important part in our life.ADont think of your product as a computer.BThat is, the money is electronically(电子地) paid into the bank.CTurn on or turn off machines and lights with your voice.DWith the development of technology, the smart home will come true in the future.EThen Tom goes to the super

38、market.FHave you seen the instructions for the washing machine?GAccording to Toms request, the computer serves a list of possible dishes.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了未来的家。在这个家里很多事情都是由机器人做的，它会为你准备早饭；能帮助你购物；能替你找到钥匙和手机；能帮助你打开或关闭机器；能帮助你清扫你的家；能记录每个东西和每个人进出房子；能照顾好家里的成员。【答案精析】1G由空格后句“All the dishes are nice.”可知空格处与

39、dish有关。七个选项中只有G项与此有关。故选G。2E由空格后的“The stores system checks his car when he drives to the pickup area and greets him by name. Thank you for shopping.”可知Tom去超市了。故选E。3B由空格前句“all trades are completed automatically(自动地) over the information superhighway”可知此空和电子支付有关。七个选项中只有B项与此有关。故选B。4C由“The smart home can also do many other things”可知C项符合此处语境。故选C。5D由空格后句“It is sure to play an important part in our life.”可知the smart home在将来的生活中发挥作用。剩下的选项中只有D与此有关。故选D。.补全对话请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容补上所缺的句子，使对话通顺、合理，意思完整。(每空一句)A：Look, Mona! _1_Whats_this?B：Oh, its a personal computer