数字式转速测量仪外文资料翻译

1、淮阴工学院毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译（院）：电子信息工程系业:测控技术与仪器名:口号:1061203228外文出处:Download from IEEE xplore of（用外文写）huaiyin institute of technology library附 件:1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。指导教师评语:所选内容与课题相关，对课题设计参考有一定的帮助；翻 译难度一般，工作量适中；译文基本正确，语句通顺，但也存 在部分错误。总体评价：中签名:2010 年 4 月 20 日注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。附件1 :外文资料翻译译文数字式转速测量仪摘要介绍了一种以MCS-51系列单片机

2、8032为控制主体的数字式转速测量仪。该 测量仪具有设计合理、精度高、测速范围宽、功能强、可靠性好、使用灵活方便等 特点。文中详细介绍了该仪表的工作原理，给出了它的硬件原理图和软件流程图。关键词：数字式测量仪器；转速；单片机转动体的速度是工业测控系统中的重要参数之一。机械式转速表在测量转速 时，必须将转轴接触被测物体，以获得同步转速，通过内部齿轮变速后用表头指针 指示转速大小。使用机械式转速表会干扰被测物体的运动，特别是当被测转动体质 量很小时，测速表对转动体施加的压力就是一个不小的附加负载，这影响测量的准 确性。本文介绍一种以8032单片微机为核心的测速仪。1转速测量仪原理本测速仪的测速敏感

3、器件采用红外线传感器，由专门的探测装置发射红外线, 同时接受从被测物体反射回来的红外线，通过光电转换变为电脉冲信号，不影响物 体的转动。发射管和接受管都固定在探测架上，通过透镜聚焦，半透明膜既能使反 射的红外光线射向转动物体，又能使由转动物体反射回来的红外线通过半透明膜射 向接受管。在转动体上沿圆周均匀贴上若干反射纸，它能定向反射红外线，使接受 管接受到反射回来的红外线。光电转换原理见图1。在光电三极管3DU5C上加一适当偏压，当3DU5C受红外线照射时，处于导通状态，A点为低压电平，3DG6截止，B点为高电平；当没 有红外线照射时，光电三极管截止，A点呈现高电平，使3DG6集电极B点为低电

4、平，B点的脉冲信号经过反相器1、2的整形，再经门3反相，便得到频率与转速大小相应成比例变化的转速脉冲信号。转速脉冲信号送入8032单片机的定时/计数器，经过单片机的软件处理计算出转速。本机在测量转速时采用了 M/T法和定时法两种方法。M/T法是在检测时间Tc 内，根据转速脉冲m1和计时脉冲m2来计算转速。如在固定周期Tc内，计取转动 脉冲fp和计时脉冲fc的脉冲个数分别为m1和m2，计时脉冲的频率为f，转动体 每转输出的脉冲数为P,则转速n=60fm1/pm2(r/min)。定时法是在给定的时间间隔1s内，对转速脉冲进行计数。如在1 s内测得的转速脉冲数为m1,转动体每转输出的脉冲个数，即极数

5、为P，则转速n=60m1/p(r/min)。2转速测量仪的硬件结构图2为由8032单片机构成的转速测量仪电路图。8032属于MCS-51系列单片 机，与常用的8031芯片相比，8032多了一个功能较强的T2定时/计数器和128字 节内部RAM，其中T2计数器具有16位自动重载和捕获能力，既可作定时/计数用， 又可作为波特率发生器用。本系统 T2用于定时，即计取定时脉冲信号，定时脉冲 信号直接从8032芯片的地址锁存信号端ALE引出，并经过74LS74双D触发器两 分频后获得。当晶振采用6 MHz时，定时脉冲的频率fc为0.5 MHz。T0计数器计取转速脉冲fp，T1计数器用于计取定时脉冲fc,

6、触发器DFF1, DFF2和与门1,2,3,4组成计数控制电路，能使 T0和T1计数器同时启停。系统采用动态显示方式。P0口通过带允许控制端的8D锁存器74LS377扩展了一个8位输出口，作为5位LED 数码管显示的段选码数据线。P1.3-P1.75根口线作为五位LED显示的位选线。P3.0、P3.1接S1和S4开关，S1为极数P设定选择开关，S4为极数输入脉冲键。P3.2和 P3.3分别接S2和S3开关，S2开关为测速方法选择键，选择用 M/T法测速，还是 用定时法测速。S3为转速/频率选择开关，用来选择测转速还是测频率。当用定时 法测转速时，系统可以很方便地测出所测频率。3软件设计及抗干扰

7、措施系统的程序设计主要包括主程序、中断程序、代码转换子程序、显示子程序等。两种测速方法硬件结构完全相同，只是软件流程不同，通过P3.2 口来设定测速方法。F面分别论述两种测速方法的工作原理。M/T法中，首先由8032的P1.1端输出启动脉冲信号，该启动脉冲清零 DFF1 和DFF2两个触发器，使Q1端输出低电平，封锁门2、3、4, Q-1端为高电平打开 门1,而触发器DFF2的Q-2端输出为高电平，为启动工作做好准备。当接受到转 速脉冲信号fp的上升沿时，触发器DFF1翻转，Q-1为低电平，封锁门1, Q1为高 电平，打开门2、3、4,从而使T2开始定时，m1, m2同时开始计数。当T2定时到

8、100 ms时，向8032申请中断。在中断程序中，8032的P1.2端输出停止脉冲信号，置位触发器DFF2，Q-2端输出低电平，封锁门2、3、4, T0、T1同时停止计数。同时在中断程序中读出转速信号脉冲数 m1和定时信号脉冲数m2,在主程序中根据m1、m2，P和f算出转速n=60fm1/pm2，并转换为BCD码，查表送至数码管 显示，完成一次数据的米集和显示。在定时法中，由于要产生1 s的定时信号，而本系统中定时最大值为 131 ms,故在定时法中，采取连续定时10次100 ms的方法，当到了 100 ms定时时，定时器T2溢出向8032申请中断。在中断程序中对中断次数进行累计，如果累计中断

9、次数 未到10次，则不作任何运算就返回，T2继续下一次的100ms的定时，T0继续计数转速脉冲，当中断次数达到10次时，在中断程序中，置位 P1.2，停止计数，并且 读出T0的计数值m1，在主程序中进行相应运算算出转速，并转换为BCD码，T2TOLED显示。这里定时计数器采用了具有 16位自动重装载功能的T2计数器，当溢出产生中断的同时，计数器自动重载计数初值，继续定时。因此它的定时是连续 的，不受响应中断和处理中断程序的影响。 而如果采用没有重载功能的定时器如或T1,贝U当定时器溢出时，须在响应中断后，在中断程序中重置定时器初值。定时 器的定时是断续的，影响定时精度，继而影响测速精度。可见采

10、用8032中的T2计数器定时是本系统一个特点，它能显著提高测速精度。本测速仪在0-49r/min范围内，精度可达 0.1 r/min,在50-99 999r/min范围内，精度可达 1 r/min。本测速仪可以测量不同极数的脉冲发生器发生的脉冲，如前述的红外线探测 器，当改变贴在转动体上反射纸的数量时， 转动体每转发出的脉冲数P也相应改变, 此时如果仍按照程序中原定的P值进行计算，就会运算出错。因此本系统提供了现场设置极数的功能：P3.0 口接极数设定选择开关，当P3.0高电平时，表明需要设置 极数，此时系统等待由P3.1 口输进的脉冲信号，每一个脉冲信号可使系统的极数寄 存器数值加1,并显示

11、在LED数码管上。在定时法测速时，当不进行n=60m1/p的运算，直接将1 s内的转速脉冲数m1 变换为BCD码显示，所得的数值显然就是输入脉冲信号的频率。因此系统设置了 转速/频率选择功能。P3.3 口接转速/频率选择开关S3,当P3.3为高电平时，表示测 频率。同时，系统软件还设置了一些逻辑错误诊断功能，如当转速超过99 999 r/mi n.系统将显示PPPPP表示超出本测速仪所测范围，又如当在M/T法测速时，选择了 测频率，则显示EEEEE，提示用户出错等。由于测速仪一般都在工业生产现场工作， 工作环境干扰来源多，因此在设计中, 采用了抗干扰措施，如电源滤波、去耦、注意地线的走向，接地

12、点的安排等硬件抗干扰办法，以CPU、RAM自检、软件冗余、软件陷阱等软件抗干扰技术。DDF：(jDFF8O3i丁.T- R _ D Q,CF Q,ALEFSES1CP D_ 74LS377E Q74LS373b b i*B.a.5叮图2数字式转速测量仪电路图参考文献1 Yurish S.Y, Kirianaki N.V. Design of High Performances Digital TachometersandTachometric Systems Based on the Method of the Depended Count, In Proceedings of the VII

13、-th In ternati on al Conference CADSM 2003, Lviv-Slavsko, UKRAINE, 18-22February, 20032 Kiria naki N.V., Dey nega V.P., Yurish S.Y., Micro processor Tachometers of NewGeneration for Turbogenerators of Thermal and Nuclear Electric Power Stations.Automatic, Measureme nts and Con trql 1995, No. 292, pp

14、. 52-60.3 Yurish S.Y., Kirianaki N.V., Shpak N.O., Novel Rotation Speed MeasurementConcept for ABS Appropriated for Microsystem Creation. In:AdvaneedMicrosystems for Automotive Applications 99 (Ed. by Ricken D.E. and Gesner W.,Sprin ger, 1999, pp .215-223.附件2:外文原文（复印件）Digital Meter for Measuring Rot

15、ational Sp eedAbstract A digital meter for measuri ng the rotati onal sp eed is in troduced in this pap er. It is con trolled by an MCS-51 series sin gle-ch ip microco mpu ter 8032. It contains the following features: rational design, high accuracy, wide measurability range and po werful fun ctio n

16、and depen dability. Moreover, it is very nimble and convenient to use.The work principle is p rese nted in detail in the paper and the block diagram and p rogram flowchart are give n as well.Key works: digital measuri ng app aratus; rotatio n sp eed; si ngle-chi p micro-co mpu terThe rotor speed con

17、trol system of industry is one of the important parameters.Mecha ni cal tachometer measuri ng sp eed, the rotor con tact with the measured object must be to get the synchronous sp eed, through the internal gear shift in struct ion after the poin ter sp eed with the size of the header. Use of mecha n

18、i cal tachometer measured object can in terfere with moveme nt, esp ecially whe n measured rotor mass is very small, sp eed tables on the rotor p ressure is not a small additi on al load, which affects the measureme nt accuracy. This paper describes a 8032 sin gle-ch ip microco mpu ter as the core t

19、o the non-con tact Digital Tachometer.1 sp eed measuring p rinc ipleThe gun sp eed-se nsitive devices with in frared sen sors, la un ched by the sp ecialized infrared detection devices, while receiving reflected back from the measured object in frared, p hotoelectric con versi on into electrical pu

20、Ises through the sig nal, does not affect the rotati on of the object. Tubes and pipes are fixed in the detect ion of acce ptable shelf, through the lens focus, semi-tra nsparent film not on ly to the reflected in frared light fired rotating objects, they can rotate the object by the reflected infra

21、red light through the tran sluce nt membra ne back fired for man ageme nt. Alo ng the circumfere nee of a rotati ng body eve n p aste some reflect ion pap er, it directed reflecti on in frared to receive the reflected acce ptance of the in frared con trol.P hotovoltaic con versi on show n in Figure

22、In the op tical triode 3DU5C add ing an approp riate bias, whe n 3DU5C by in frared irradiatio n, at the con ducti on state, A point for the low level, 3DG6 end, B point is high; whe n no in frared radiatio n, the p hotoelectric tran sistor closed A high point p rese ntati on, so 3DG6 low collector

23、point B, B point of the pu Ise sig nal through the inv erter 1,2 p lastic, and the n the door 3 RP, freque ncy and sp eed will be proportional to the size of the corresponding changes The speed puIse signal.Sp eed pu Ise sig nal in to the 8032 microc on troller timer / coun ter, through the microc o

24、n troller to calculate sp eed software p rocess ing.Figure 1 Schematic p hotoelectric con versi onWhe n the mach ine used in the measureme nt sp eed M / T method and tim ing method were used. M/T M / T method is the detect ion time Tc, the time accord ing to sp eed pu Ise m1 and m2 to calculate the

25、speedpuIse. If a fixed period Tc, the total time taken and pu Ise rotati on pu Ise fp fcs Pu Ise on m1 and m2, tim ing pu Ise freque ncy f, rotor out put pu Ises per revoluti on for the p, the sp eed n = 60fm1 / pm2 (r / min). Such as the sp eed measured over 1 s pu Ises for the m1, rotor out put pu

26、 Ise nu mber per revoluti on, that great nu mber of p, the sp eed n = 60m1 / p (r / min).2 hardware sp eed measurement instrumentFigure 2 constitute the grounds of speed 8032 MCU measuring circuit. 8032 isMCS-51 series sin gle chip, comp ared with the com mon 8031 chip, a feature more tha n 8032 str

27、o ng T2 timer / cou nters and 128 bytes of in ternal RAM, which T2 counter with 16-bit auto-reload and cap ture, can for timer / coun ter with, but also used as a baud rate gen erator. The system used for time T2, which take into acco unt regular pu Ise, regular puIse signal directly from the 8032 c

28、hip address latch signal ALE client leads, and through the 74LS74 dual D flip-flop frequency, was two points. When using 6 MHz crystal oscillator, the time pu Ise freque ncy fc is 0.5 MHz. TO accrual sp eed pu Ise counter fp, T1 time pu Ise coun ter for tak ing into acco unt fc, trigger DFF1, DFF2 a

29、nd 1,2,3,4 component count and gate con trol circuit, can also start and stop coun ters T0 and T1. P0 port to allow control through the end of 8D with latch 74LS377 exte nds an 8-bit out put, as a five segme nt LED digital dis play of the data line selecti on code. P 3.0, P 3.1 access switches S1 an

30、d S4, S1 for the very few P set selector switch, S4 input pu Ise for the very few keys. P 3.2 and P 3.3 are conn ected S2 and S3 switch, S2 switch method for the sp eed selectio n key; select the use of M / T method sp eed, or velocity measureme nt with time.S3 for the sp eed freque ncy select switc

31、h, to select the measuri ng sp eed or freque ncy measureme nts.Whe n using regular method to measure the sp eed, the system can be easily measured by measuri ng the freque ncy.3 software design and anti-interference measuresSystem programming includes the main program, interrupt procedures, code con

32、 versi on rout in es, dis play rout in es, etc. The hardware structure of two measureme nt methods are ide ntical, but differe nt software p rocess, to set the sp eed through the P 3.2 port app roach. The followi ng two measureme nt methods were discussed works.M / T method, first of all by the end

33、of 8032 the P1.1 out put start pulse sig nal, the start pu Ise cleared DFF1 and DFF2 two triggers, so that Q1 en ded out pu t low, block ing the door 2,3,4, Q- 1 side open the door for the high one, and trigger DFF2 the Q-2-e nded out put is high, ready for the start of work. Whe n the sp eed pu Ise

34、 sig nal fp receives the rising edge, the fli p-flop DFF1 turn, Q-1 is low, block ing the door 1, Q1 is high, open the door 2,3,4, so that start time T2, m1, m2 and started coun ti ng. In the interrupt p rogram, the P 1.2 8032 en ded out put pulse sig nal to stop, set bit trigger DFF2, Q-2 low-side

35、out pu ts, block ing the door 2,3,4, T0, T1 and stop counting. In terr upt the p rogram while read ing sp eed sig nal pu Ises and tim ing sig nal pu Ises m1 m2, in the main p rogram, in accorda nee with m1, m2, P and f calculated sp eed n = 60fm1/ pm2, and conv erted to BCD code sent to the digital

36、look- up table dis play, comp lete a data collectio n and dis play.In the regular method, due to the tim ing sig nal gen erated 1 s, while the maximum time the system 131 ms, it is the law in time to take 10 con secutive 100 ms time method, whe n the time to 100 ms, the timer T2 overflow in terr upt

37、 to the 8032 app licati on.In terr upt in the in terru pt p rocess of the cumulative nu mber of times, if the cumulative nu mber of times un til they break 10, not to make any op erati on on the return, T2 to the next 100ms the time, TO to count sp eed pu Ise, whe n the in terr upt whe n the nu mber

38、 reached 10 in interrupt the p rogram, set bit P 1.2, stop coun ti ng, and read ing the count value T0 m1, corres ponding in the main p rogram to calculate the sp eed of op erati on, and con verted to BCD code, send LED dis play. Time here with 16-bit coun ter with auto-load ing feature of the T2 co

39、un ter, whe n T2 overflow in terr upt the same time, the coun ter counts automatically reload the in itial value, con ti nue to regularly. So its time is con ti nu ous, without interrup ti on and res ponse p rocedures for deali ng with the impact of disr up ti on. If not overloaded by features such

40、as timers T0 or T1, the n whe n the timer overflow, it should be in res ponse to failure, reset the timer interrupt p rogram, the in itial value. Timer timing is intermittent, the impact of timing accuracy, thereby affecting measureme nt p recisi on. Visible by 8032 in the T2 coun ter timer is a fea

41、ture of the system, it can significantly improve measurement precision. The guns range in 0-49r/min accuracy up to 0.1 / min, at 50-99 999r/min range of accuracy up to 1 r / min.The gun can measure the number of different pole puIse generator puIse occurs, such as in frared detectors above, whe n ch

42、a nging the rotat ing body attached to the amount of reflecti on pap er, issued by the rotor per revolutio n pu Ise nu mber p is also cha nged accord in gly, At this poin t, if still in accorda nee with the p rocedures in the origi nal p value calculation, calculation error will be. Therefore, the s

43、ystem provides very few of the features set the sce ne: P 3.0 I take very few set selector switch, whe n P 3.0 is high time that n eed to set the po le, the n the system wait ing for input into the mouth by the P 3.1 pu Ise sig nal, each pu Ise makes the system very few register value plus 1, and di

44、s played in the LED digital tube.Velocity measurementat the time, and when not to n = 60m1 / p the operators directly to the sp eed of 1 s pu Ises m1 tran sformed into BCD code shows that the value obtained is obviously the input puIse frequency. Therefore, the system set up speed freque ncy op ti o

45、ns. P 3.3 port access sp eed freque ncy select switch S3, whe n P 3.3 is high time that test freque ncy.Mea nwhile, the system software has set a nu mber of logical fault diag no sis functions, such as sp eeds above 99 999 r / min, the system will dis play PPPPP, that go bey ond the scope of this gu

46、n is measured, and as if the M / T velocity measureme nt, theSelect the measureme nt freque ncy, it shows EEEEE, prompts the user error and so on.As the gun is gen erally in the in dustrial field in the work ing en vir onment of sources of interferenee, so in the design, using anti-jamming measures,such as power supply filteri ng, deco up li