英国文学史全部复习资料

1、英国文学史全部复习资料英国文学史考研复习要点part one: early and medieval english literature1. beowulf: national epic of the english people; denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. romance （名词解释）3. “sir gawain and the green knight”: a famous roman about king arthurs story4. ballad（名词解

2、释）5. character of robin hood6. geoffrey chaucer: founder of english poetry; the canterbury tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in middle english; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. heroic couplet (名词解释)part two: the english renaissance8. the authorized version of

3、english bible and its significance（填空选择）9. renaissance（名词解释）10.thomas moreutopia11. sonnet（名词解释）12. blank verse（名词解释）13. edmund spenser “the faerie queene”; amoretti (collection of his sonnets) spenserian stanza（名词解释）14. francis bacon “essays” esp. “of studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句

4、，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）15. christopher marlowe (“doctor faustus” and his achievements)16. william shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。四大喜剧，四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的喜剧作品是hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读）17. ben jonson个别戏剧的名字要能和人对上号，如eve

5、ry man in his humor, 二外好像在这里出过一道匹配题，但是不用看太具体。part three: the period of the english bourgeois revolution18. john milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是paradise lost和samson agonistes。对于paradise lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自old testament，具体情节在课本124页，另外要知道此书theme和satan的形象。对于samson agonistes要知道它是poetical drama，知道故事大概情节及其

6、来源。另外129页到130页brief summary中5条要看。19. john bunyanthe pilgrims progress20. founder of the metaphysical schooljohn donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images21. andrew marvell 此人不重要，但他有一首名诗to his coy mistress22. john dryden“all for love”(a tragedy); “an essay

7、 of dramatic poesy”(literary criticism); forerunner of the classicism in britainpart four: the eighteen century23. enlightenment（名词解释）24. classicism（名词解释）25. richard steele“the tatler”26. joseph addison“the spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。27. steels and

8、addisons styles and their contributions28. alexander pope: “essay on criticism”, “essay on man”, “the rape of lock”, “the dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations29. jonathan swift: “gullivers travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; “the drapiers letters” and “a mode

9、st proposal”, 后一篇比较重要，要注意后一篇作者用的irony也就是反讽手法。30. the rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century english literature.31. daniel defoe: “robinson crusoe”, “moll flanders”, 当然是robinson crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，179页这一节最后一段，有robinson crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。

10、另外注意defoe的style和feature，另外defoe是forerunner of english realistic novel。32. samuel richardson“pamela” (first epistolary novel), “clarissa harlowe”, “sir charles grandison”33. henry fielding: “joseph andrews”, “jonathan wild”, “tom jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，200页founder of the english realisti

11、c novel部分要看，201页第3点features也要看，另外fielding也被称为father of the english novel.34. laurence sterne“tristram shandy”35. richard sheridan“the school for scandal”36. samuel johnson“dictionary”, “letter to lord chesterfield” (the writers declaration of independence)37. oliver goldsmith“the traveller”(poem), “

12、the deserted village” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “the vicar of wakefield” (novel), “the good-natured man” (comedy), “she stoops to conquer” (comedy), “the citizen of the world” (collection of essays)38. edward gibbon“the decline and fall of the roman empire”40. sentiment

13、alism（名词解释）41. thomas gray“elegy written in a country churchyard”（英国诗歌里非常著名的一首，曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首”）(a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓园派诗人)*graveyard school / poets”: a term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, o

14、n the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. the vogue resulted in one of the most widely known english poems, thomas grays “elegy written in a country churchyard”. the writing of graveyard poems spread from england to continental literature in the

15、 second part of the century and also influenced some american poets.42. in the latter half of the 18th century, pre-romanticism; representative: william blake and robert burns.43. thomas percy“reliques of ancient english poetry”许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的，这个集子是那个时代比较有名的一个民谣集。44. william blake比较重要，需要对主要

16、作品有所了解，特别是songs of innocence 和 songs of experience, 这两本集子的contrast一定要注意，另外blake的写作特点也要注意，比如语言的简单明了，神秘主义氛围等。45. robert burns伟大的苏格兰民族诗人, a red red rose, scots wha hae, auld lang syne等名诗，写作特点: scottish dialect; a poet of peasant and scottish people; plain language; influence from scottish folk songs an

17、d ballads; musical quality of his poems.part five: romanticism in england46. romanticism（名词解释）要对浪漫主义兴起的时间，根源，主要特点，主要代表作家都有所了解。47.william wordsworth要知道他的 “lyrical ballads”前言是英国浪漫主义时期开始的标志，也是宣言。lake poets（名词解释）。他诗歌的主要两类题材：nature and common peoples lives。写过的著名作品：i wandered lonely as a cloud; to the cuc

18、koo; lines composed a few miles above tintern abbey; the solitary reaper; we are seven 等等。48. samuel taylor coleridge两首名诗：the rime of the ancient mariner; kubla khan主要写作supernatural题材。49. george gordon byron，byronic heroes (名词解释); 著名作品：child harolds pilgrimage要知道大致内容，另外此诗用spenserian stanza写成；don jua

19、n要知道大致内容，及其诗体attava rima。50. percy bysshe shelley著名作品：queen mab; the revolt of islam; prometheus unbound（lyrical drama，要知道大致内容及此剧与古希腊的“被束缚的普罗米修斯”不同之处及其意义。）其它名作: ode to the west wind; to a skylark; one word is too often profaned等等。51. john keats著名作品：ode to autumn; ode to a nightingale; ode on a greci

20、an urn”。注意keats与byron和shelley的不同，keats的诗歌没有两人那么强的革命性，他的诗歌主要是为了缔造一个唯美的世界，为了追求美而写作的。52. charles lamb：the essays of elia (humorous, archaisms, quotations from other writers)53. walter scott: founder and great master of the historical novel; his death marks the ending of romantic period in english liter

21、ature; famous novels: rob roy, ivanhoe; features of his novels (p322)part six: english critical realism54. critical realism批判现实主义，要知道它兴起的时间，历史背景，主要代表人物及主要特点。55. charles dickens主要作品: the pickwick papers (first novel); oliver twist; dombey and son; david copperfield; a tales of two cities等等，对这些主要作品除了第

22、一部以外剩下的要对情节，主要人物形象，主题及其意义有所了解，另外要知道狄更斯的小说的特色（p362-p363）。56. william makepeace thackeray主要作品即vanity fair要知道这个题目出自john bunyan的the pilgrims progress，另外小说的副标题 “a novel without a hero”的意思，小说的情节，主题，人物形象都要了解。57. jane austen主要作品：pride and prejudice其它5部小说在书上372页，知道名字即可，对于傲慢与偏见课本上介绍的不详细，可以找其它文学史书籍来简单看一下它的情节和主

23、要人物。austen的写作特点：thin plot, mostly everyday life of simle country society; good at writing young girls; modest satire; witty dialogues。58. charlotte bronte主要作品jane eyre，要知道其情节和意义，另外简爱的人物形象也比较重要。59. emily bronte主要作品wuthering heights，情节，人物形象及意义。勃朗特姐妹的小说虽然写作在批判现实主义时期，但其作品有明显的浪漫主义特色，比如包含的一些supernatural e

24、lements，特别体现在呼啸山庄中。60. mrs. gaskell, one of the first english writers to describe the class struggle in a novel, famous novel: “mary barton”.不需要看太详细。61. george eliot主要作品: adam bede, the mill on floss, silas marner简单了解即可。part seven: prose-writers and poets of the mid and later 19th century62. thomas

25、carlyle, john ruskin, matthew arnold简单了解即可。63. alfred tennyson主要作品: in memoriam, the idylls of the kings；有名的短诗break, break, break; crossing the bar等，此人政治态度保守，作品追求形式上的完美，富于音乐性和色彩。具体写作特色参看p410-p411。64. robert browning introduced dramatic monologue to poetry. (p416) his famous poems: “home-thoughts fro

26、m abroad” etc. elizabeth barrett browning: “sonnets from the portuguese”.65. 简单了解william morris主要作品，写作特点，及其意义等。66. aestheticism唯美主义（名词解释）oscar wilde主要作品，写作特点及其意义简要了解。part eight: twentieth century english literature67. thomas hardy, wessex novels，要知道为什么叫wessex，书上p458。著名作品：tess of durberville（情节，主要人物形

27、象，主题及意义）,far from the madding crowd, jude the obscure等等。hardy小说的特色（p459第一段）。part eight: twentieth century english literature67. thomas hardy, wessex novels，要知道为什么叫wessex，书上p458。著名作品：tess of durberville（情节，主要人物形象，主题及意义）,far from the madding crowd, jude the obscure等等。hardy小说的特色（p459第一段）。68. john galsw

28、orthy: 主要作品 “the forsyte saga”注意这是两个trilogy构成的，可不是一本小说，其中比较重要的是 “the man of property”就是书上介绍的那一部，要知道此部小说主人公的名字，以及这个主人公的性格，和小说主题。书上介绍这个作家的部分的最后一段算是这个作家的写作特点。这位作家在20世纪声名是逐渐下降的，但是还是有些学校会考到他。69. the irish dramatic movement（名词解释） irish renaissance（名词解释）70. george bernard shaw主要作品mrs warrens profession和maj

29、or babara，如果看的是其它版本的英国文学史，可能会选其它的作品，对他作品的主要人物，情节，主题和意义要了解，他是比较重要的一个作家。71. william butler yeats几首有名的诗歌如 “sailing to byzantium” , “the second coming”, “the wild swan at coole”要知道，另外他诗歌的特点如symbolism, mysticism, modernists influence等等。72. t. s. eliot比较重要，特别是他的the waste land要知道包括哪几个部分，大概是什么情节，有什么象征意义，主题是

30、什么，有什么写作特点。另外他的其它作品也有某些学校考到过，也要知道，比如他的诗剧murder in the cathedral等等，要知道大概的情节。另外他著名的文章tradition and the individual talent被认为是manifesto of modernist poetry.73. modernist fiction put emphasis on the description of the characters psychological activities under the influence of austrian doctor sigmund freu

31、ds theories.74. d. h. lawrence重点作品sons and lovers这个作品明显受到弗洛伊德影响，特别是其中体现的oedipus complex，对其人物，主题要有了解；the rainbow及其续篇women in love要有简单了解，特别是对其主题。lady chatterleys lover简单了解即可。492页第三段对lawrence的思想做了个简单总结，这一段中指出的劳伦斯的思想特点以及局限性要了解。75. stream-of-consciousness（名词解释）76. james joyce其它作品简单了解，但ulysses非常重要，需要知道题目来

32、源，题目的含义，小说的主人公和情节，以及主题。77. virginia woolf重要的意识流作家，主要作品要知道在496页第二段，书上主要介绍的是to the lighthouse，其实她的其它几部作品特别是mrs. dalloway也比较出名，需要了解一下。英国文学史复习资料a concise history of british literaturechapter 1 english literature of anglo-saxon periodi.introduction1. the historical background(1) before the germanic invas

33、ion(2) during the germanic invasiona. immigration; b. christianity; c. heptarchy. d. social classes structure: hide-hundred; eoldermen (lord) thane - middle class (freemen) - lower class (slave or bondmen: theow); e. social organization: clan or tribes. f. military organization; g. church function:

34、spirit, civil service, education; h. economy: coins, trade, slavery; i. feasts and festival: halloween, easter; j. legal system.2. the overview of the culture(1) the mixture of pagan and christian spirit.(2) literature: a. poetry: two types; b. prose: two figures.ii. beowulf.1. a general introductio

35、n.2. the content.3. the literary features.(1) the use of alliteration(2) the use of metaphors and understatements(3) the mixture of pagan and christian elementsiii. the old english prose1. what is prose?2. figures(1) the venerable bede(2) alfred the greatchapter 2 english literature of the late medi

36、eval agesi. introduction1. the historical background.(1) the year 1066: norman conquest.(2) the social situations soon after the conquest.a. norman nobles and serfs; b. restoration of the church.(3) the 11th century.a. the crusade and knights.b. dominance of french and latin;(4) the 12th century.a.

37、the centralized government;b. kings and the church (henry ii and thomas);(5) the 13th century.a. the legend of robin hood;b. magna carta (1215);c. the beginning of the parliamentd. english and latin: official languages (the end)(6) the 14th century.a. the house of lords and the house of commonsconfl

38、ict between the parliament and kings;b. the rise of towns.c. the change of church.d. the role of women.e. the hundred years warstarting.f. the development of the trade: london.g. the black death.h. the peasants revolt1381.i. the translation of bible by wycliff.(7) the 15th century.a. the peasants re

39、volt (1453)b. the war of roses between lancasters and yorks.c. the printing-presswilliam caxton.d. the starting of tudor monarchy(1485)2. the overview of literature.(1) the stories from the celtic lands of wales and brittanygreat myths of the middle ages.(2) geoffrye of monmouthhistoria regum britan

40、niaeking authur.(3) wacele roman de brut.(4) the romance.(5) the second half of the 14th century: langland, gawin poet, chaucer.ii. sir gawin and green knight.1. a general introduction.2. the plot.iii. william langland.1. life 2. piers the plowmaniv. chaucer1. life2. literary career: three periods(1

41、) french period(2) italian period(3) master period3. the canterbury talesa. the framework; b. the general prologue;c. the tale proper.4. his contribution.(1) he introduced from france the rhymed stanza of various types.(2) he is the first great poet who wrote in the current english language.(3) the

42、spoken english of the time consisted of several dialects, and chaucer did much in making the dialect of london the standard for the modern english speech.v. popular ballads.vi. thomas malory and english prosevii. the beginning of english drama.1. miracle plays.miracle play or mystery play is a form

43、of medieval drama that came from dramatization of the liturgy of the roman catholic church. it developed from the 10th to the 16th century, reaching its height in the 15th century. the simple lyric character of the early texts was enlarged by the addition of dialogue and dramatic action. eventually

44、the performance was moved to the churchyard and the marketplace.2. morality plays.a morality play is a play enforcing a moral truth or lesson by means of the speech and action of characters which are personified abstractions figures representing vices and virtues, qualities of the human mind, or abs

45、tract conceptions in general.3. interlude.the interlude, which grew out of the morality, was intended, as its name implies, to be used more as a filler than as the main part of an entertainment. as its best it was short, witty, simple in plot, suited for the diversion of guests at a banquet, or for

46、the relaxation of the audience between the divisions of a serious play. it was essentially an indoors performance, and generally of an aristocratic nature.chapter 3 english literature in the renaissancei. a historical backgroundii. the overview of the literature (1485-1660)printing pressreadershipgr

47、owth of middle classtrade-education for laypeople-centralization of power-intellectual life-exploration-new impetus and direction of literature.humanism-study of the literature of classical antiquity and reformed education.literary style-modeled on the ancients.the effect of humanism-the disseminati

48、on of the cultivated, clear, and sensible attitude of its classically educated adherents.1. poetrythe first tendency by sidney and spenser: ornate, florid, highly figured style.the second tendency by donne: metaphysical stylecomplexity and ingenuity.the third tendency by johnson: reaction-classicall

49、y pure and restrained style.the fourth tendency by milton: central christian and biblical tradition.2. dramaa. the native tradition and classical examples.b. the drama stands highest in popular estimation: marlowe shakespeare jonson.3. prosea. translation of bible; b. more; c. bacon.ii. english poet

50、ry.1. sir thomas wyatt and henry howard (courtly makers)(1) wyatt: introducing sonnets.(2) howard: introducing sonnets and writing the first blank verse.2. sir philip sidneypoet, critic, prose writer(1) life: a. english gentleman; b. brilliant and fascinating personality; c. courtier.(2) worksa. arc

51、adia: pastoral romance;b. astrophel and stella (108): sonnet sequence to penelope dvereuxplatonic devotion.petrarchan conceits and original feelings-moving to creativenessbuilding of a narrative story; theme-love originality-act of writing.c. defense of poesy: an apology for imaginative literaturebe

52、ginning of literary criticism.3. edmund spenser(1) life: cambridge - sidneys friend - “areopagus” ireland - westminster abbey.(2) worksa. the shepherds calendar: the budding of english poetry in renaissance.b. amoretti and epithalamion: sonnet sequencec. faerie queene:l the general end-a romantic an

53、d allegorical epicsteps to virtue.l 12 books and 12 virtues: holiness, temperance, justice and courtesy.l two-level function: part of the story and part of allegory (symbolic meaning)l many allusions to classical writers.l themes: puritanism, nationalism, humanism and renaissance neoclassicisma chri

54、stian humanist.(3) spenserian stanza.iii. english prose1. thomas more(1) life: “renaissance man”, scholar, statesman, theorist, prose writer, diplomat, patron of artsa. learned greek at canterbury college, oxford; b. studies law at lincoln inn; c. lord chancellor; d. beheaded.(2) utopia: the first e

55、nglish science fiction.written in latin, two parts, the secondplace of nowhere.a philosophical mariner (raphael hythloday) tells his voyages in which he discovers a land-utopia.a. the part one is organized as dialogue with mariner depicting his philosophy.b. the part two is a description of the isla

56、nd kingdom where gold and silver are worn by criminal, religious freedom is total and no one owns anything.c. the nature of the book: attacking the chief political and social evils of his time.d. the book and the republic: an attempt to describe the republic in a new way, but it possesses an modern

57、character and the resemblance is in externals.e. it played a key role in the humanist awakening of the 16th century which moved away from the medieval otherworldliness towards renaissance secularism.f. the utopia(3) the significance.a. it was the first champion of national ideas and national languages; it created a national prose, equally adapted to handling scientific and artistic material.b. a elegant latin scholar and the