译林牛津版高中英语专题知识讲解高考冲刺：阅读表达题型解题技巧

1、精品文档用心整理高考冲刺：阅读表达题型解题技巧：题型介绍阅读表达题是在考查考生阅读理解的基础上，增加了对书面能力的考查。具体要求是:阅读所给短文（不少于200），并根据短文后题目的要求进行简答。参考答题时间为15分钟。常见阅读表达问题类型主旨概括：whatsthebesttileofthepassage?whatisthepurposeofthewriterswritingthispassage?whatsthemainideaofthearticle?完成句子：pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrases.句子替代：plea

2、sefindoutthesentenceinthepassagewhichcanbereplacedbythefollowingone.句子翻译：translatetheunderlinedsentenceintheparagraphintochinese.封闭性问题：regularclose-endedwh-questionsbasedonthepassage.开放性问题：whatwouldyoudoifyouwere?whatothersuggestionswouldyougive?howwouldyousettletheproblemifyouwere?确认指代关系：whatdoesth

3、eword“it”probablyreferto?(nomorethan3words)。根据文章的题材和体裁设置其他题目。解题技巧拟定文章标题标题要出现关键词或关键词组。标题要覆盖全文或整个段落，不能离题太远，太笼统或只概括一段或几句话的意思，即以偏概全。标题如果是句子，句号一般不用，但其他符号要标出。句子填空题首先要信息定位，也就是快速准确地在文章中找到题目中所涉及的相似内容，主要是搜索相似关键词；二是比较，也是题目陈述和原文陈述的比较，通过语境来确定答案，答案就在文章中，表述时注意词数。句子填空答题句子填空要整体理解，注意上下文的逻辑性，特别是关联词的使用。语言要简洁，注意词数限制。检查时

4、，看上下文是否通顺，语法是否正确，是否能体现作者的表达意图。翻译试题翻译要整体理解，不能断章取义；弄清it,they,this,that等代词所指代的含义；理清句子的语法结构，即找出句子的主谓结构，弄清句子的修饰成分及修饰关系。根据汉语表达习惯对译文做适当的调整，避免字字对译。省略句要做适当补充，关键词翻译要准确。开放性问题对于开放性问题要审清题目要求，是一步作答还是两步作答，不能直接从文章中找一句话来回答。回答原因很重要。尽量表达自己熟悉的观点和方面，也就是要扬长避短。同义句替换要找准要替代的全部内容，不多也不少。要把替代的句子全写下来，不要用省略号。书写要规范。封闭性问题资料来源于网络仅供

5、免费交流使用精品文档用心整理对于答案唯一的封闭性问题，要注重细节，在原文中相关位置寻找答题依据，并且紧密结合上下文细致推理。指代关系的确认解此类题，首先要返回原文，找出题目中的指代词；其次，向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性词组；最后将找到的词、词组代入，替换该指代词，看意思是否通顺。这道题答案也能在文中找到，不要用自己的语言归纳，通常代词所指代的名词在本句或其上句之中。真题再现（2012江西卷）(1)stampcollectorsusuallycollectstampsonlyfromcertaincountriesorregions.thetraditionalmethodofstampcol

6、lectingistoorganizestampcollectionaccordingtotheissuedates.(2)ofcourse,therearemany_.youcancollectstampsrelatingtoaparticulartheme.forexample,sportloversmaychoosetheolympictheme.theytrytheirbesttofindolympicstampsissuedbyvariouspartsoftheworldeveryfouryears.someofthemmaywanttoconcentrateonevenmoresp

7、ecificsportactivitieslikeballgames,gymnasium,swimming,etc.(3)ifyoulikeastronomy,youmaybekeenoncollectingstampsdescribingthestars,planets,spacecraft,spacemen,etc.onceyouhavefixedthetopic,younolongerneedtobotheraboutstampsotherthanthethemeyouselected.then,youcanputallyourefforttocollectthestampsaround

8、it.(4)chinaissueszodiacanimalstamps(十二生肖邮票)everyyeartocelebratethelunarnewyear.theyareextremelypopularandalotofcollectorswaitpatientlyfor12yearstocollectafullsetofthem.hongkongslunarnewyearspecialstampseriesbeganin2000withtheyearofdragonandthetwelfthandfinalsetwasissuedin2011,theyearofrabbit.recentl

9、ysomewesterncountrieshaveissuedzodiacanimalstamps,whichattractalotofattentionaswell.(5)youmaychooseanythemeyoulike.however,youshouldbearinmindanessentialpoint.thetopicyouchooseshouldnotbetoonarrow.otherwise,itisverydifficulttoaccumulatestampsaroundthetopic.youwillbedepressedandevenloseyourinterestin

10、collectingstamps.(6)collectingstampswiththemesisespeciallypopularamongteenagersbecausethereisawiderangeofchoicesforthem.themainchallengeishowyouorganizeandexpandyourcollectionaroundyourtheme.76.whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(nomorethan5words)_77.fillintheblanksinparagraph2withproperwords.(nomorethan

11、5words)ofcourse,therearemany_.78.whatshouldyoudoifyouwanttocollectafullsetofzodiacanimalstamps?(nomorethan7words)_79.listthethreegeneralthemesincollectingstampsmentionedinthepassage.(3words)_80.whatdoestheword“them”(line3,paragraph6)probablyreferto?(1word)_资料来源于网络仅供免费交流使用精品文档用心整理（2012山东卷）(1)ashleypo

12、wersmotherboughtacomputerforherwhenshewaseight.whenshewasthirteen,shewassurfingtheinternetregularly,butshecouldntfindanywhereforteenagerstomeetandtalk.andonedayshethought,“ifihadmyownwebsite,idmakeitareallyinterestingsiteforteenagers.”(2)so,whenashleywassixteen,shelaunchedherownwebsite,calledgoosehe

13、ad.shehadnoideahowbigasuccessitwouldbe,butthreeyearslater,thesitewasthemostsuccessfulteensiteintheusa!itwasgetting100,000hitseveryday,andashleyhadabout30employees.(3)afterafewyears,thewebsitecloseddown.thenashley,wholivesinlosangeles,wasaskedtowriteabookcalledthegooseheadguidetolife.thebookisaboutho

14、wtodesignawebsiteandstartabusiness.itbeginswithasectioncalled“allaboutashley，”whereashleytellsreaderswhatitisliketobethebossofacompanywhenyouareonlysixteen.“iwassohappy.butitwascrazyinalotofways.igotverystressed.imean,iwasonlysixteenididntevenhaveacar!ifyouweresixteenandyouhadyourowncompany,youdbest

15、ressed,too！”(4)inaninterviewashleygaveadvicetoteenagerswhowantedtostarttheirownbusiness,“justbestrongandhaveyourdreamsandworkhardatthem.anddontlistenwhen_，becauseiheardnoalot.justkeepgoinguntilyouhearyes！”76.forwhatpurposedidashleycreategoosehead？(nomorethan10words)_.77.whatisthemainideaofparagraph2

16、？(nomorethan6words)_.78.accordingtoparagraph3,whatdidashleydoaftergooseheadcloseddown？(nomorethan10words)_.79.howdidashleyfeelasayoungbossofacompany？(nomorethan5words)_.80.fillintheblankinparagraph4withproperwords._.（2012天津卷）bornin1949,diananyadtookanearlyinterestinswimmingasasportandwasafloridastat

17、ehighschoolswimmingchampion.likemanyyoungathletes,shehadolympicdreams,butaseriousillnesskeptherfromcompetinginthegames.thedisappointmentdidntstopherfromgoingforward.instead,shebecameinterestedinmarathonswimming.abrilliantathlete,shewaswell-conditionedforspendinglongperiodsoftimeinthewater.asalong-di

18、stanceswimmer,shewouldcompeteagainstherselfandtheobstaclespresentedbydistance,danger,cold,andexhaustion.fortenyearsnyaddevotedherselftobecomingoneoftheworldsbestlong-distanceswimmers.in1970,sheswamaten-milemarathoninlakeontario,settingthewomensrecordforthecourse.in1972shesetanotherrecordbyswimming10

19、2.5milesfromanislandinthebahamastothecoastofflorida.thenshebrokeathirdrecordwhenswimmingaroundmanhattanislandin1975.nyadattemptedtoswimthedistancebetweenfloridaandcubain1978.thoughthespanofwateris资料来源于网络仅供免费交流使用精品文档用心整理lessthan100mileswide,itisroughanddangerous.afterbattlingthewaterfortwodays,shehad

20、togiveupforthesakeofherownhealthandsafety.evenso,sheimpressedtheworldwithhercourageandstrongdesiretosucceed.fornyadherstrengthofpurposewasjustasimportantasreachingcuba.thatishowshedefinedsuccess.itdidnotmatterthatherswimcameupshort;shebelievedshehadtouchedtheothershore.whennyadendedhercareerasaswimm

21、er,shecontinuedtotrynewthingstravellingtheworldasareporter,writingbooksandgivingpublicspeechesaboutherlife.diananyadworkstoinspireothers,justasshedidwhensheswamthewatersoftheworld.56.whatpreventednyadfromtakingpartintheolympicgames?(nomorethan5words)_57.whatdoestheunderlinedword“obstacles”mean?(1wor

22、d)_58.whatachievementdidnyadmakein1970?(nomorethan10words.)_59.whydidnyadbelievethatshehadtouchedtheothershore?(nomorethan10words)_60.pleaseexplainhowyouareinspiredbynyad.(nomorethan20words)_答案与解析（2012江西卷）76.collectingstampswiththemes主旨大意题。综观全文可知，本文从第二段第二句提出主题后，一直围绕这个主题讲述各种主题集邮的方法。77.othermethodsofc

23、ollectingstamps考查补全短文填空题。画线词后介绍了通过特别的主题集邮等其他的集邮方法。78.weshouldwaitfor12years.短文信息简答题。由第四段第二句“theyareextremelypopularandalotofcollectorswaitpatientlyfor12years”可知如果要集满全套的12生肖邮票要等12年。79.sport(s);astronomy;animal(s)归纳问答题。本文的第二、三、四段分别提到了与运动、宇宙以及动物有关的集邮。80.teenagers.代词指代题。由画线词所在句可知them指代的是前面的teenagers。（20

24、12山东卷）本文是一篇人物介绍。美国女孩ashley16岁独自创办青少年社交网站goosehead，大获成功。几年后，ashley又出版thegooseheadguidetolife一书，畅谈人生感受，与读者分享少年得志的喜悦，倾诉成功带来的压力和烦恼，并为有意自主创业的青少年提出指导和建议。76shewantedtocreateaninterestingwebsiteforteenagers.原文第一段概述了网站goosehead的由来，其中“ifihadmyownwebsite,idmakeitareallyinterestingsiteforteenagers”明确提到创立网站的初衷，根

25、据题干要求用不多于10个单词归纳出一句话。77ashleysgooseheadwasabigsuccess.第二段主要陈述网站的点击量和雇员数，说明它的成功，因此中心词为success，用不多于六个字组织一个句子。资料来源于网络仅供免费交流使用精品文档用心整理78shewroteabookcalledthegooseheadguidetolife.第三段明确提到“ashleywasaskedtowriteabookcalledthegooseheadguidetolife.”79shefelthappybutstressed.第三段中两处明确提到了心情：“iwassohappy”“igotve

26、rystressed”，根据词数要求，用不多于5个词组织一个完整的句子。80peopletellyouthatyoucantdoit本题是根据上下文补全句子，下文明确提到“becauseiheardnoalot”，推知上一句是说面对反对意见时不能听从。（2012天津卷）56.aseriousillness(did).原文第一段“aseriousillnesskeptherfromcompetinginthegames”用不同说法表达了同样的含义。57.difficulties/problems/troubles/challenges.定位原文“asalong-distanceswimmer,shewouldcompeteagainstherselfandtheobstaclespresentedbydistance,danger,cold,andexhaustion.”against的宾语是herself和obstacles，后面部分为obstac