2021年中考人教版英语二轮复习一　语法专题突破 专题11非谓语动词

1、,第二篇攻专题 能力提升,一语法专题突破,专题十一非谓语动词,透析中考,课时跟踪训练,考点一 考点二 考点三,2020年迎考特训,1不定式的句法功能,第 3 页,考点一动词不定式,第 4 页,2不定式的常用结构,第 5 页,第 6 页,近几年遵义中考主要考查省略to的不定式、含不定式的固定搭配及句型、“特殊疑问词to do”的用法。判定是否选动词不定式的方法有： 1根据句法功能判定 如果题空处所要填的成分在句中作主语、宾语、目的状语等，那么极有可能答案会是动词不定式。,第 7 页,2根据常见搭配和句式来判定 (1)It is/was形容词of/forsb.to do sth. 在“It is/

2、was形容词of/forsb.to do sth.”句型中，当形容词表示行为者的性格、品质时，如careful、clever、foolish、kind、nice等，其后用of sb.；如果形容词表示不定式的动作的性质，如easy、difficult、hard、important、interesting、possible、right、wrong等，则其后用for sb.。含of sb.的句型可以转换成“Sb.be动词形容词to do sth.”句式，而含for sb.的句型则不可以。,第 8 页,【例题】It isnt easy for me _(learn) English well. 【答案

3、】to learn 【解析】此题考查句型“Its形容词for sb.to do sth.”，其中it作形式主语，代替句子真正的主语，即动词不定式。,第 9 页,(2)常见的后跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组) agree、begin、choose、dare、decide、expect、hate、help、hope、intend、learn、love、manage、need、offer、plan、prefer、promise、refuse、start、want、wish、would like等动词(词组)后常接不定式作宾语。(注：help之后的不定式符号to可省略。) 【例题】My two cou

4、sins decide _(start) a business together. 【答案】to start 【解析】句意：我的两个表兄弟决定一起创业。decide to do sth.是固定搭配，意思是“决定去做某事”，故填to start。,第 10 页,(3)常见的后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(词组) advise、allow、ask、beg、enable、encourage、expect、find、get、help、invite、order、prefer、teach、tell、want、warn、wish、would like等动词(词组)后常用不定式作宾语补足语。(注：help

5、后面的to可省略，也可不省略。) 【例题】Our English teacher often advises us _(listen) to more English songs. 【答案】to listen 【解析】advise 后常接动词不定式作宾语补足语，意为“建议某人做某事”，故填to listen。,第 11 页,(4)使役动词和感官动词后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 一些使役动词和感官动词后可接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。这些动词有：一感(feel)；二听(hear，listen to)；三让(let，make，have)；四看(observe，see，watch，notic

6、e)。注：当这类动词用于被动语态时，作宾补的不定式前要加上to(let 除外)。,第 12 页,【例题】Though he often made his little sister _，today he was made _by his little sister.(cry) 【答案】cry；to cry 【解析】make是使役动词，其后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但它如果用于被动语态结构中，则to要加上。由句意“尽管他经常把他的小妹妹惹哭，但今天他被他小妹妹惹哭了”可知，状语从句是主动语态，主句是被动语态，故第一个空填cry，第二个空填to cry。,第 13 页,(5)常见的后跟省

7、略to的动词不定式的固定搭配和句型 在句型Why not.？/Could you please (not).？和短语had better (not)、would rather.than.等后，要用省略to的动词不定式。 【例题】His uncle would rather _(repair) the old bike than _(buy) a new one. 【答案】repair；buy 【解析】此题考查省略to的不定式。would rather do sth. than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事。,第 14 页,(6)“特殊疑问词动词不定式”结构的用法 “特殊疑问词(who/

8、whom/what/which/when/where/how)不定式” 构成的不定式短语在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。常接“特殊疑问词不定式”作宾语的动词(词组)有know、show、teach、tell、find out、learn、forget 等。,第 15 页,【例题】I was once a fat girl.I weighed 100 kilos and looked as big as my fridge.I have never been_(1)_ it.But one day I had a medical examination.The doctor told me tha

9、t I was having heart trouble.It woke me up.I began to feel worried.Then I asked my doctor _(2)_ (1)A.excited aboutBworried about Cproud ofDhappy with 【答案】B,第 16 页,(2)A.how to doBwhen to do it Cwhat to doDwhy to do 【答案】C 【解析】why一般不与不定式连用，首先排除D项。how to do的do后缺宾语，结构不完整，故排除A项。结合语境可知，体检过后，“我”开始担心“我”的体重，然

10、后询问医生怎么办，而不是什么时候做，故选C。,第 17 页,(7)动词不定式作定语的用法 不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，且与被修饰的名词或代词之间为动宾关系时，动词后面应接相应的介词。 【例题】Joining a summer camp is a great chance _ (spend) free time with your friends. 【答案】to spend 【解析】a chance to do sth.一次做某事的机会。此处用动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰chance。,第 18 页,第 19 页,考点二动词ing形式,动词in

11、g形式的句法动能,第 20 页,常见的后接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)；盼望 (look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)；想要 (feel like)避免 (avoid)去练习 (practice)；忍俊不禁(cant help)还介意 (mind)。,第 21 页,判定是否选动词ing形式的方法有： 1如果题空处所要填的成分在句中作主语、宾语等，答案可能选动词ing形式。但是，由于动词不定式也可以作主语、宾语等，所以还要结合固定搭配或句式来综合判断，从而选出正确答案。 (1)常见的后跟动词in

12、g形式作宾语的动词(短语) advise、avoid、consider、enjoy、finish、keep、mind、miss、practice、suggest等动词以及 be busy、be worth、cant help、feel like、give up、have fun、have trouble/problems/difficulty (in)、spend .(in)、stop.(from)等短语后常用动词ing形式作宾语。,第 22 页,【例题】The traffic is terribly busy in the morning. Youd better avoid _ (driv

13、e) in the center of the city. 【答案】driving 【解析】avoid doing sth.是固定短语，意为“避免做某事”，故填driving。,第 23 页,(2)在一些以介词结尾的动词短语或固定句型中，介词后只能跟动词ing形式作宾语 在What about.？/How about.？/Thank you for./Thanks for.等句型和be good at、be interested in、look forward to、make a contribution to、be/get used to、pay attention to、succeed i

14、n等短语中，介词后只能接动词ing形式作宾语。 【例题】Ive made such great progress.Thanks for _(help) me with my English. 【答案】helping 【解析】此题考查介词后跟动词ing形式的用法。Thanks for doing sth.感谢做某事。,第 24 页,(3)有些动词(词组)后既可跟动词不定式也可跟动词ing形式作宾语，但意义不一样 like、stop、forget、remember、try、continue、regret、go on等动词(词组)后可以接动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语。,第 25 页,第 26 页

15、,【例题1】We have worked so long.Shall we stop _(have) a rest? 【答案】to have 【解析】句意：我们已经工作很长时间了。我们停下来休息一下好吗？stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事，不定式作宾语，符合题意。stop doing sth.停下正在做的事。,第 27 页,C,【例题2】Please stop _(study) and go out for a walk. Remember _(wear) warm clothes. 【答案】studying；to wear 【解析】由go out for a walk可知，是让

16、对方“停止学习”，故第一空填动名词studying。“穿暖和的衣服”这个动作还没发生，故第二空填动词不定式to wear。,第 28 页,(4)感官动词后跟省略to的动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的意义不同 see、watch、notice、hear、feel等感官动词之后接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接动词ing形式作宾补，表示动作正在进行。 【例题】I heard Tom _(sing) when I walked past his room yesterday. 【答案】singing 【解析】由题空后“when I walked past his r

17、oom yesterday”可知，应该是听到汤姆正在唱歌，故填singing。,第 29 页,2如果所填成分作定语且它表示的动作正在进行，同时被修饰词与它又是主谓关系时，那么答案很可能选现在分词。如果所填成分作伴随状语，且表主动时，也选现在分词。Do you know the boy standing under the tree？你认识正站在树下的那个男孩吗？She sat there, sobbing loudly.她坐在那里，呜呜地哭着。,第 30 页,第 31 页,考点三过去分词,如果所填成分作后置定语，同时它与被修饰词又是动宾关系时，那么答案很可能选过去分词。如果所填成分作伴随状语，

18、且表被动时，也选过去分词。 【例题】The concert _(give)by Professor White was a great success. 【答案】given 【解析】give与concert之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处不缺谓语动词，所以判断空格处作concert的后置定语，表被动，故填given。,第 32 页,一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1I am happy to know that you will come to Mianyang and Im looking forward to _ (meet) you at the airport. 2Lets stop _

19、(eat) unhealthily，and we can make a better life. 3Would you mind _(turn)down the music？The baby is sleeping. 4It is reported that it would take a person 21 days _(get) into a good habit.,第 33 页,meeting,eating,turning,to get,5Youd better have your bike _(mend) at once.After all, you will ride it to t

20、he school tomorrow. 6The lights in the classroom are still on. Someone must have forgot _ (turn) them off. 7“Cant you read？”the officer said angrily _(point) to the notice. 8The policeman warned the young man _(drive) after drinking. 9The students are busy _(get) ready for the exam now. 10The teache

21、r asked the students to close the windows _(stop) the wind from blowing the papers away.,第 34 页,mended,to turn,pointing,not to drive,getting,to stop,二、短文改错，文中共有10处语言错误。 Today is my first day in junior high school.I cant help to crying, but the end of it is the beginning of a new life.Maybe the lesso

22、ns will be even harder for me learn.I may have many difficult tasks, but I will never give up try.I am not afraid to making mistakes along the ways.Because I can learn many things from those mistake.I used to being a shy person.I really need to talks with other more people in senior high school.I ca

23、n share many good old memories from them.Even though I am sad that junior high is over, I look forward to have wonder experiences in senior high.,第 35 页,一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1(2018江苏盐城)All of us should look straight ahead and keep _ (run) 2(2019广西北部湾经济开发区改编)Every time I want to give up，my parents always

24、encourage me _(keep) trying. 3(吉林长春)Mum，have you finished _ (cook)? Is there anything I can do for you? 4(江苏镇江)The boys uncle is good at _(train) dogs.His dogs can do wonderful tricks.,第 36 页,running,to keep,cooking,training,5(江苏常州)Mr.Green hates _ (travel) by air.He always falls asleep during the f

25、light. 6(江苏宿迁)We all know you are smart，but youd better _ (not show) off. 7(江苏无锡)When night came，they put up a tent _ (keep) warm. 8(山东烟台)Please promise _ (not tell) lies any more，will you? 9(贵州安顺)Its too hard for me to learn it.Can you show me how _ (throw) the ball? 10(江苏无锡)You cant imagine what d

26、ifficulty I had _ (express) myself clearly at the beginning.,第 37 页,traveling/to travel,not show,to keep,not to tell,to throw,expressing,11Citizens can enjoy _(read) thousands of volumes of electronic books online with the first “WeChat library” in Jianye Library，Nanjing. 12(江苏盐城)Nothing would preve

27、nt UNICEF，an international charity，_ (raise) the living standards of the children in poor areas. 13(2019湖南常德)I dont want _(be) fat. 14Would you mind _ (take) out the trash，Jerry? 15(2019浙江湖州)I happened to know that my grandpa used to _ (collect) tea sets.,第 38 页,reading,raising,to be,taking,collect,二、英汉互译。 1我认为在公共场所制造噪音是不礼貌的。 I think it (is) impolite to make noise in public. 2简的父母总是鼓励她说出她的观点。 Janes parents always encourage her to speak out her opinions. 3. 我爷爷过去常常在早晨散步。 My grandpa used to take a walk in the morning.,第 39 页,4No matt