2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型3阅读理解专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技含解析

1、专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技时间：810分钟/篇分值：2分/小题passage1(2018南京)anewreportshowswhatlifemightbelikein100yearsfromnow.itdescribesskyscrapersthataremuchtallerthantodaysbuildings,underwaterbubblecitiesandholidaysinspace.thereportisfromacompany.itaskedexperts(专家)onspaceandarchitecture,aswellascityplanners,togivetheirid

2、easonthelifein2116.theysaidthewaywelive,workandplaywillbetotallydifferenttohowwedothesethingstoday.theexpertsusedtheinternetasanexample.theysaidthat25yearsago,peoplecouldnotimaginehowtheinternetandsmartphoneswouldchangeourlives.theinternethascompletelychangedthewaywecommunicate,learnanddodailythings

3、.theexpertssaidthechangesinthenextcenturywouldbeevenmoreunbelievable.researchersquestioned2，000adultsaboutthepredictions(预言)theythoughtweremostlikely(很可能的)tohappeninthefuture.theypredictedthatinthefuture,fewpeoplewillgotoanofficebutwillworkfromhomeandhaveworkmeetingsonline.peoplewillhavehighlydevelo

4、ped3dprintersthatwillletyoudownload(下载)adesignforfurnitureorafoodrecipeandthenprintthesofa,tableorpizzaathome.therewillalsobelessneedforvisitstothedoctor.wewillallhaveahomehealthinstrumentthatwilltelluswhattheproblemisandgiveustreatment.wewillalsobegoingintospaceforholidaysandtogetresourcesthatwehav

5、euseduponearth.apredictionthatismissingiswhetherpeoplewillstillneedtostudyenglish.()1.thewriterusestheexampleoftheinternetinparagraph1toshow_a.theinternetwasoftenusedb.theinternethasdevelopedfastc.peoplewillnotbelievethechangesd.technologywillchangepeopleslives()2.withthehelpofhighlydeveloped3dprint

6、ers,awaytogetasofain2116isto_a.buyoneinashopb.asksomebodytomakeonec.downloadadesignandprintoned.designandmakeonebyoneself()3.accordingtothepassage,themissingpredictionis_a.howpeoplewillworkb.wherepeoplewillgetresourcesc.whatpeoplewillhaveathometotreatillnessd.whetherpeoplewillstillneedtolearnenglish

7、()4.thepassageismainlyabout_a.thelifein2116b.holidaysinspacec.thehistoryoftheinternetd.medicaltreatment()5.thepassageismostprobablyfrom_a.anadvertisementb.anewspaperc.adetectivestoryd.ahealthreportpassage2(2018山西)wheniopenedmyemailtheotherday,rachel,aprettywoman,appearedonmycomputerscreen.shegreeted

8、mebynameandstartedtalkinghappily.sometimesshestoppedtosmileatmeorblowakiss.itwascool,right?infact,shewasreadingtomeanemailfrommybrotherjohn.rachelcouldbetherebecauseofanewtechnologycalledfacemail.facemailletsyousendemailsinafunnyway.byusingit,youremailscanbereadtothereceiverbyanattractivepersonorbya

9、clown.youcandownloadthesoftwareatwww.fwithoutpaying.facemailfacesarelivelyandtheycansimulatetheemotionsthatyouputinyourtext.forexample,typeinakiss.，andrachelblowslifefx,thecompanythatdevelopedthefacemail,issuretherearewidebusinessuses.whyisebusinessnotsopopularnow?oneofthereasonsisthatbuy

10、ingonlinehasnohumantouch.butifyougotothenikewebsite,andthefamousbasketballstarmichaeljordangreetsyoubyname,servesyou,andpersonallycloses_the_sale,_wontyoubehappy?also,ifmomcantbehomewhenkidsgetbackfromschool,shecanleaveanotewithavoiceandpictureonthescreentotellthemwhatthereistoeat.itstruethatfacemai

11、lmakeslifeeasyandfun,butitshouldbeusedwithcare.theclownlookslivelyandfunnyatfirst.butifyouchoosetheclown,putafewrudewordsinanemailandaddsomeangryemotions,youvegotapsychomail.()1.infact,whoisrachel?a.sheisaprettyactress.b.sheisjohnsgirlfriend.c.sheisnotarealperson.()2.whatisthemainadvantageoffacemail

12、?a.youdontneedtopayforit.b.emailcanbeattractiveinamorelovelyway.c.youcanaskabeautifulwomantoreadtheemailtoyou.()3.whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“closesthesale”probablymean?a.停止营业b.达成交易c.取消折扣()4.whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?a.youshouldntchooseaclown.b.facemailcanbewidelyusedinbusin

13、ess.c.momcanshowherkidshowtocookbyfacemail.()5.whatisthewritersattitude(态度)towardsfacemail?a.hethinksitsadangertotheinternet.b.hethinksitneedsfurtherimprovement.c.hethinksitsacoolandfunnytechnology.passage3(2018重庆b卷)manyhomeshavecamerastoprotectthemfromdanger.thecamerascantelltheownersifsomeonehasen

14、tered.butthecamerasdonotknowwhetherthepersonisafamilymember,afriend,apostmanoracriminal(罪犯)辨butanewcameramadebyafrenchcompanycanrecognize(别出)faces.itcantellparentsatworkthattheirchildrenhavereturnedfromschool,orthatthemailhasbeensenttotheirhome.itcanalsotellthemifastrangerhasenteredtheirhome.whenfam

15、ilymembersenterahome,thesmartcamera“recognizes”themandsendsinformationtotheownersphone.theownercanchoosetoseethevideothenorlater.butifanunknownpersonentersahome,thecamerawillsendawarningsoundontheownersphone.thisiswhathappenedrecentlytoasmarthomecameraownernameddamien.helivesinparis.“onafridayiwasat

16、work,havingabigmonthlymeetingwhenmyphonemoved.atfirstitoldmyselfoh,itmustbeawrongwarn，butmyphonewastellingmetherewasafacethatthecameradidnotrecognize.somethingwashappeninginmyhouse!”“isawapersonididnotknowwithhisshoeson,whichisnotallowedinmyapartment(公寓).iwatcheditonthevideo.ifeltquitesurprised.ihur

17、riedbackhomeasfastaspossibleandcalledthepoliceontheway.thankstothesmartcamera,thecriminalwascaughtsoon，”saiddamien.()1.thenewsmartcameraisdifferentfromtheonesinmanyhomesbecauseitcan_.a.protecttheownerb.helpaschoolchildc.recognizefacesd.callthepolice()2.indamiensapartment,peoplecant_a.wearshoesb.watc

18、hvideosc.havecamerasd.sendmails()3.ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?(para.(自然段)1para.2para.3para.4para.5)a.；b.；c.；d.；()4.thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe“_”a.catchingcriminalsinabetterwayb.strangevideofacesc.warningsoundonthephoned.smarthomecameraspassage4(2018德州)hovercamera

19、(无人相机)wangmengqiu,theinventorofhovercamera,wasborninhangzhouin1982.heoncestudiedatstanforduniversityintheunitedstates.hebecamefamousovernight(一夜成名)becauseoftheinvention.forgetselfiesticks(自拍杆)!comparedtoothercameras,hovercamerahasmanyadvantages.*itcanflyandstayinmidair,trackyourfaceandevenfollowyout

20、omakesureitgetstheperfectpicture.*itcanbecontrolledbyusingasmartphone(智能手机)*itrecordsmovementswitha13mpcameraandtakes4kvideo.*itisthebestchoiceforweddings,sportsgamesandholidays.折mr.wangalsosaid,“themaindesignconsiderationiseasyandsafetotakefortheusers.itsverylightandsmall.itcanbefolded(叠)intwo,soit

21、canbeeasilyputintoabag.whenthepowerislow,itcanlandonthegroundsafelyonitsown.”itsreportedthatthecompanyhasraised$25milliontoproduceit.asitisstillbeingtested(测试),hovercameracanbeboughtlaterthisyear.thepricehasnotyetbeendecided.butaspokesmansaysthecompanyhopestosellitforlessthan$600.()1.hovercameracan_

22、a.swiminthewaterb.flyinthemidairc.changeitsweightd.beusedasaphone()2.theunderlinedword“track”means_a.pullb.followc.pushd.show()3.accordingtothepassage,whyishovercameraeasyandsafetotake?a.itslightandsmall.b.itcanbefoldedinthree.c.itdoesntneedpower.d.onlyasmartphonecanmakeitland.()4.whichisnotmentione

23、dinthepassage?a.howcanwecontrolhovercamera?b.whencanwebuyhovercamera?c.howmuchishovercamera?d.howpopularwillhovercamerabe?()5.accordingtothepassage,wangmengqiuisa_youngman.a.braveb.quietc.creatived.humorouspassage5(2018威海)thebuildingthatmoveseveryoneknowsthatbuildingsdontmove.theycantchangethewaythe

24、ylook.however,architect(建筑师)davidfisherwantstochangethat.fisherhasanamazingidea.hewantstomake80storybuildingsthatchangeshape.eachfloorwillmovearoundslowly.thefloorswillmoveatdifferentspeeds.becauseofthis,theshapeofthebuildingisalwayschanging.“thesebuildingswillneverlookthesame，”saysfisher.太hisideais

25、aninterestingone.however,fisherdoesntstopthere.healsowantsthebuildingtobe“green”.thebuildingwillmakeitsownenergy.inmostbuildings,onlythetopfloorhasaroof(屋顶).infishersbuilding,eachfloorwillhaveitsownroof.theroofseachhavesolarpanels(阳能板).thismeansalotmoresolarenergy.also,machinesbetweeneachflooroftheb

26、uildingwillcatchthewind.theywillturnthewindintoenergy.fishersideassoundimpossible.however,thats_what_people_also_said_before_humans_traveled_into_space!()1.thepassageismainlytalkingabout_a.buildingsforthefutureb.thelifeofanarchitectc.howgreenbuildingswork()2.theunderlinedword“80story”meansthebuildin

27、ghas80_a.shapesb.floorsc.differentspeeds()3.fishersbuildingcanmakeitsownenergybecausethebuilding_a.istallandalwaysmovingb.istallandhasmanysolarpanelsc.isalwaysmovingandhasmanysolarpanels()4.thefishersbuildingwillnotgetenergyfrom_a.thesunb.thewaterc.thewind()5.whydoesthewritersay“thats_what_people_al

28、so_said_before_humans_traveled_into_space”？a.toshowwhyfishersbuildingwillneverwork.b.toshowwhyfishersbuildingislikeaspaceship.c.toshowthatunusualideascansometimeswork.passage6(2018福州)pollutioninsidehomesandotherbuildingskillsmorethan4millionpeopleeachyear.manypeopledieasaresultofbreathingsmokeorfrom

29、cookingoverwoodpoweredorcoalpoweredstoves.onewaytoreducethenumberofdeathsisthroughcookingequipmentpoweredbythesun.crosbymenzies,asolarpowerexpertinasouthafricancompany,describedhislatestsolarcookercalledthe“sol4”.“itisfoursquaremetersofmirrors,sixtoeightmetersinlength.itisquitealargecooker.”the“sol4

30、”worksbyreflecting(反射)lightfromthesunofflargemirrors.themirrorsdirect(把对准)thelightatacookingpan.thenthelightheatsthepanwithsolarenergy.withintwominutes,thepanishotenoughtocooksausagesandonions.injustfourminutes,watercanbeboiled.thatisasfastascookingwithnaturalgasorelectricity.thecookerisalsomuch“fri

31、endlier”thanothermodelsbecausepeopledonothavetostandinthesuntouseit.andpeoplecanpreparemealswithouthavingtocollectfirewoodorspendmoneyoncoal.suchindividualswouldbelesslikelytohavebreathingillnessesfromharmfulsmoke.atpresent,thecookeronlyworkswhenthesunisshining.butengineersareworkingonawaytomakeitwo

32、rkwithoutsunlight.eachcookercostsabout$2，000,whichisalargeamountofmoneyformostafricans.tosolvethatproblem,crosbymenzieshascreatedanongovermentalorganizationcalledsolarcookersforafrica.itplanstoraisemoneythroughdonationstoprovidepoorpeoplewithsolarcookingequipment.()1.thispassageismainlyabout_a.solar

33、cookersb.smokepollutionc.solarpowerexpertsd.breathingillnesses()2.the“sol4”ismainlyusedto_a.shortenthetimeofcookingb.reducethecostofmakingcookersc.raisemoneythroughdonationstohelpafricanpeopled.reducethenumberofdeathscausedbyharmfulsmoke()3.theunderlinedword“individuals”mostprobablymeans“_”a.cookers

34、b.mirrorsc.peopled.experts()4.whichofthefollowingaboutthe“sol4”istrue?a.itissixtoeightsquaremetersofmirrors.b.itcanworkinanyweatherconditionnow.c.itcanalsoheatthepanbylightingfirewood.d.itismoreenvironmentfriendlythanothercookers.()5.fromthepassage,wecaninferthat_a.the“sol4”willbedesignedinasmallers

35、izeb.moreafricanscanusethesolarcookersinthefuturec.the“sol4”isthefirstproductofthesouthafricancompanyd.theafricangovernmentwillprovidepoorpeoplewithsolarcookerspassage7(2018广州)gettingelectricityhasalwaysbeenaproblemforthe173peoplelivinginnuevosaposoa,asmallvillageinperu,southamerica.however,thingswe

36、ntfrombadtoworseinmarch2015afterheavyrainsdamagedtheonlypowercablesinthearea.thevillagerswereforcedtouseoillamps,whicharenotonlyexpensivebutalsodangerousbecauseoftheharmfulgasestheyproduce.luckily，researchersattheuniversityoftechnology(ut)inlima,peruheardabouttheirproblemandfoundawonderfulsolution.t

37、heymadealampthatcanbepoweredbyplantsandsoil,bothofwhichcanbeeasilyfoundintheamazonianrainforestwherethevillagelies.thelamptakesenergyfromaplantgrowinginawoodenboxandusesittolightupanledlightbulb.whilethatmaysoundamazingandevenimpossible,thesciencebehindtheideaisquitesimple.asplantscreatetheirfood(us

38、ingthesunsenergy,waterandchemicalsfromthesoil),theyalsoproducewastewhichtheyreturntothesoil.tinyanimalsinthesoileatthiswasteandtheyproduceelectronsthebuildingblocksofelectricalenergy.theutteamputspecialsticksinsidethesoiltocapturetheenergyandkeepitinthelampsbatteriesforlateruse.theresearcherssayasin

39、glechargecanpowera50wattledlightfortwohoursenoughtimeforlocalvillagerstogettheireveningworkdone.theuniversitygavetenplantlampstothevillagersofnuevosaposoainoctober2015.sofar,theyhavebeenahugesuccess!elmerramirez,theutprofessorwhoinventedthelampbelievestheplantlampcouldhelpimprovethelivesofmanypeople

40、,especiallysmallrainforestcommunities,42%ofwhomhavenoelectricity.()1.whataretheproblemsofoillampsaccordingtoparagraph1?a.theyaredifficulttouseandcreatepollution.b.theyareexpensivetobuyandeasilydamaged.c.theyaredifficulttorepairandproducelittlelight.d.theyareexpensivetouseandcanbebadforhealth.()2.the

41、electricitymadebytheplantlampcomesfrom_a.plantfoodb.plantwastec.thesoilsheatd.thesunsenergy()3.whatistrueabouttheplantlamp?a.itcanbemadebylocalpeople.b.itismucheasiertousethanoillamps.c.itcanproducealltheelectricitythevillageneeds.d.thethingsitneedstomakeelectricityareeasytofind.()4.theplantlampsinv

42、entorbelievesitcouldbemosthelpfulfor_a.rainforestcommunitiesb.carsc.poorpeopleincitiesd.farmers()5.whatisthepurposeofthepassage?a.toreportonanewinvention.b.toexplainanewscientifictheory.c.todescribehowelectricityismade.d.todiscusstheproblemsofpoorvillages.专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技passage1【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了100

43、年后的生活。1.d【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者在第一段使用网络的例子来表明。由第一段中“theysaidthat25yearsago,peoplecouldnotimaginehowtheinternetandsmartphoneswouldchangeourlives.”可知，人们不敢想象科学技术能改变人们的生活。故选d。2.c【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在高速发展的3d打印机的帮助下，在2116年得到一个沙发的方式是。由第二段第三句“peoplewillhavehighlydeveloped3dprintersthatwillletyoudownload(下载)adesignfor

44、furnitureorafoodrecipeandthenprintthesofa,tableorpizzaathome.”可知，人们下载一个设计，然后用高速发展的3d打印机打印出来。故选c。3.d【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，消失的预言是。由文章第二段最后一句“apredictionthatismissingiswhetherpeoplewillstillneedtostudyenglish.”可知，一个消失的预言是人们是否仍需要学习英语。故选d。4.a【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章主要是关于。由文章第一句话“anewreportshowswhatlifemightbe

45、likein100yearsfromnow.”可知，文章主要讲述了100年后的生活。故选a。5.b【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：这篇文章很可能来自。文章主要讲述了100年后的生活。所以这篇文章很可能来自报纸。故选b。passage2【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一种叫做facemail的新科技产品，能以一种颇为迷人的男性、女性或丑角的形象向电子邮件的接收者读邮件。1.c【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：事实上，谁是rachel？根据文章第一段“infact,shewasreadingtomeanemailfrommybrotherjohn.”和第二段“rachelcouldbetherebe

46、causeofanewtechnologycalledfacemail.”可知rachel能够读来自弟弟的邮件，她之所以能出现，是由于一种新科技。所以rachel不是真人。故选c。2.b【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：facemail的主要优势是什么？根据第二段“facemailletsyousendemailsinafunnyway.byusingit,youremailscanbereadtothereceiverbyanattractivepersonorbyaclown.”可知，用这种facemail发送的电子邮件能够将其内容拟人化，并带有发送者所赋的表情，这样就使阅读邮件的过程变得很有

47、趣，令人感觉很舒适，从而具有吸引力。故选b。3.b【解析】短语猜测题。题干意为：划线短语“closesthesale”意思可能是什么？文章第三段讲了facemail在商务上的应用，通过“现在的电子商务不是那么受欢迎”与假设的情境“迈克尔乔丹喊着你的名字与你打招呼、接待你，你会很高兴”之间的对照，可以推断出closesthesale意为“达成交易”。故选b。4.b【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章以下哪项是正确的？根据第三段中关于电子商务的介绍可知作者提出了一种假设：假如你进入耐克公司的网站，看到迈克尔乔丹喊着你的名字与你打招呼、接待你并亲自与你进行交易，你不会很高兴吗？可断定b项正确。故选b。5.c【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者对facemail是什么态度？通过对文章的理解，我们可知作者对facemail是持肯定和赞赏态度的，从第一段中“itwascool,right？”以及第三段中的假设情境使电子商业变得有趣都可得到提示。故选c。passage3【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一种智能家庭摄像机的功能，并举了发生在一个用户家的事例来说明这种摄像机的神奇之处。1.c【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：这种新型智能摄像机与许多家庭中的不同是因为它能。根据第二段首句“buta