高中英语语法—形容词、副词[共54页]

1、形容词、副词,高中英语语法,形容词是修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。 例如：long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.,什么叫形容词?,形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分,形容词,形容词的用法,1.He is a good student. 2. She is a beautiful girl. 3. I have a clever pet dog.,形容词作定语,1)单个形容词修饰名词或代词时顺序： 直接放名词或代词前面,2)多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序：,如果两个或者两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词，与被修饰名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词，如果没法区

2、分密切程度，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后，如：,an interesting English film一部有趣的英国电影,a small but beautiful room（音节多的在后）一间小而漂亮的房间,多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序：,在不确定的时候，可参照如下口诀： 美小圆旧黄，法国木书房 注释：美描述性质；小大小、长短、高矮胖瘦 旧新旧、年龄 圆形状；黄颜色；法国产地、国籍；木材料；书房用途 a new red silk cap一顶红色新丝帽 a short young Japanese businessman,例题 1) Tony is going camping with _

3、 boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 2) One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stoneB. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old,答案点拨：C 由限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -性质-名词的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。,答案点拨:A

4、. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。,当形容词修饰由something/somebody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody, everything/everybody等不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后.,1.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ? 2. I have something important to tell you.,3.)修饰不定代词时常后置 “不+形”,1. Sam is hungry, hed like

5、to eat _delicious. A. some B. any C. something D. somewhere 2. Dont worry. There is _ about your illness. A.serious something B. anything serious C. nothing serious D. some thing 3.There is _ in todays newspaper. Its boring. A. something new B. interesting new C. nothing new D. new nothing 4.-Who ca

6、n help us? -_. well do it ourselves A. Everyone else B. Else everyone C. Nobody else D. Else nobody,C,C,C,C,The trees turn green in spring. We are alone on the island.,只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词。你能说出几个？,alone afraid awake asleep alive able,形容词作表语,某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾

7、语的状态、特征等。形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语有的已构成固定词组。,形容词作宾语补足语,1. He made us happy. 2.You must keep the classroom clean 你应保持教室清洁。,形容词的构成,形容词的构成,forgetforgetful helphelpful wonderwonderful useuseful carecareful beautybeautiful thankthankful colour -colourful,1、+ful,2、ed,exciteexcited worryworried surprisesurprised clos

8、eclosed interestinterested frightenfrightened,3、+ing,interestinteresting exciteexciting surprisesurprising followfollowing,sunsunny snowsnowy windwindy rain-rainy cloudcloudy healthhealthy,4、+y 所有表示天气状况的的形容词,wool-woolen wood-wooden,5、+ en,6、+ern (东西南北),east-eastern west-western south-southern north-

9、northern,friendly, daily, weekly, silly lively, lonely, lovely,7.由“名词+ly”构成,8.复合形容词,an eight-year-old boy,一个八岁的男孩,一段10分钟的步行路程,a ten-minute walk,a ten minutes walk,放七天假,have a seven-day holiday,have a seven days holiday,have seven days off,形容词的比较级 和最高级构成和用法,形容词的比较等级构成， 有三个等级： 原级； 比较级； 最高级。,形容词原级的常用句型

10、,Tom is as tall as Mike.,1、as+形容词原形+as,There are as many students in our school as yours.,否定 not as+形容词原形+as “和 不一样” 或 not so+形容词原形+as “不及不如,Tom is not as tall as Mike.,2、so+ 形容词原级+that丛句 such+名词that丛句,He is so big that he cant enter the room bythe door .,3,表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级形容词+as”的结构。如： This

11、 room is three times as large as that one 这间房是那间房的三倍大,形容词的比较级和最高级构成,规则变化,taller harder larger wider,tallest hardest largest widest,bigger hotter fatter wetter,biggest hottest fattest wettest,happier drier earlier,happiest driest earliest,narrower cleverer,narrowest cleverest,more difficult more popu

12、lar more slowly,most difficult most popular most slowly,少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est,better,best,worse,worst,less,more,most,farther/further,older/elder,least,farthest/furthest,oldest/eldest,不规则变化,1、两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标志词than Tom is taller than John 2、Which/Who is + 比较级, A or B ? Which is easier, maths or

13、English? 3、能修饰比较级的副词及短语：much(的多)、 a lot(的多)、even(更)、still（更）、a bit/alittle(一点儿) This city is much more beautiful than that one Today is even hotter than yesterday.,形容词比较级的常用句型,注意：very不能修饰比较级。More可构成比较级，但不能修饰比较级,4、 is the +比较级 + of the two. Tom is the taller of the two boys. 5、数量 + 比较级 than He is thr

14、ee years older than his brother. 6、比较级+ and + 比较级， “越来越” Now it is hotter and hotter. 现在越来越热 7、The + 比较级，the + 比较级 “越，就越” The more , the better. 越多越好。 The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖,注意：在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复，我们常常用that, those来代替前面的词。例如： The weather in Beijing is co

15、lder than that in Guangdong. The windows of our classroom are cleaner than those of theirs.,1.one of the+最高级+名词复数,形容词最高级的常用句型,2.最高级+of (in)(三者及以上范围的),3.This is/ was the最高级+名词+that定语从句,Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.,This is the worst film that I have seen these years.,Of all the

16、movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best.,5.、the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词 + in/of The Yellow River is the second longest river in China,4、Which/Who is the + 最高级,A ,B or C ? Which is the biggest , the moon, the earth or the sun ?,注意： 用the +形容词最高级形式+in 接单数名词 用the +形容词最高级形式+of 接复数名词或表示复数的代词。 Who is the tall

17、est in the class? Who is the tallest of the students 。,使用形容词比较级时,1、可用“比较级形式+than any other +单数名词来表达最高级的意思 He is taller than any other student in the school 。,注意,2.形容词比较级前一般不加the。但可用the +比较级形式+of the two来表达两者之间的比较。 He is the better of the two. Of the two jobs，he chose the harder. Mary was the more be

18、autiful of the two. Of the two boys Mike is the taller one.,注意区别下列两个句子： 加拿大和澳大利亚，哪个国家更大? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australian? Which is larger, Canada or Australian?,注意,使用形容词最高级时,1.可用“one of +the最高级形式+名词复数”表示“是最 之一者。 one of the most beautiful cities is shanghai 上海是最美的城市之一。,注意：,2.最高级前可以有

19、序数词来修饰。 Which is the first most useful invention? 哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？ 3.如果形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格时，则不必加定冠词the。 Yesterday was my busiest day. 昨天是我最忙碌的一天。,用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。,什么叫副词?,very, early, out, soon, quickly, 等等.,副词,1.副词的作用: 用来修饰动词.形容词.其它副词.全句或 名词词组及句子,副词的用法,副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分为以下几种： 1、时间和频度副

20、词： now, then, often, always, early, today, already, soon, ago, yesterday等. 2、地点副词：here, there, everywhere, out, in, home, upstairs, above, below, inside等. 3、方式副词：carefully, politely, fast, well, extremely,等. 4、程度副词：much, little, very, rather, too, rather, almost, so等. 5、疑问副词：how, where, when, why（放在

21、特殊疑问句前）,副词的种类,6、关系副词：when, where, why（通常引导宾语从句） 7、连接副词：how, when, where, why, whether（通常引导定语从句）,1.有许多副词是对应的形容词加ly构成,副词的构成,4.有几个特殊的要去e后再加-ly或y, 如:true truly terrible -terribly,形容词变副词,1、一般加-ly,careful- slow-,2、辅音字母加-y结尾，变y为i再加-ly,happily,注意：名词+ly，构成形容词，不是副词！,weekly, monthly, friendly,lively,carefully,

22、slowly,happy-,heavily,3、以e结尾的形容词： true-truly terrible-terribly possibe- possibly, comfortabe-comfortably wide widely polite-politely,shy-shyly,heavy-,注意： 下列词既是形容词也是副词,early early late- late high high hard- hard well well far far fast fast deep deep hardly，几乎不 lately 最近，近来 （现在完成时态标志） highly高度地, 赞许地 s

23、peak highly of 高度评价,deep与deeply区别：deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地,副词的比较等级构成和用法 1、副词的比较等级构成。有三个等级：原级；比较级；最高级。,2、不规则变化,副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.,形容词的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.,注意：,Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world.,Jim jumped (the) highest of the all.,fast-faster-fastest

24、slowly- more slowly most slowly,练习巩固,1.What a _cough! You seem _ill. A. terrible, terribly B. terribly, terrible C. terrible, terrible D. terribly, terribly 2.The car is running_.It seems to be flying. A. more and faster B. more and fast C. fast and fast D. faster and faster 3.I feel even_ now. A. b

25、ad B. well C. worse D. worst 4.She was very happy. She ran_of all the runners. A.fastest B.the quickest C.slowest D.quickly,A,D,C,A,7.He is taller than _in his class. A.any boy B. any boys C.any other boy D. some other boy,C,9.-What was the weather like yesterday? -It was very bad. It rained_. Peopl

26、e could _go out. A. hard,hard B. hardly，hard C. hardly,hardly D. hard，hardly 10.English is as _as Chinese. You should learn it well. A. important B. more important C. the most important D.much more important,D,A,11.Music is not so useful as science. Its_useful than science. A. fewer B. less C. more

27、D. a lot 12.He looks_. A.good B.well C.happily D.worriedly 15.Would you please speak_?I still cant follow you. A.slow B. much slow C.much slowly D.more slowly,B,B,A,B,D,16.-Is chemistry more difficult than physcis? -No,chemistry isnt as _ as Physcis. A.easy B.difficult C.easier D.more difficult,17.I

28、n this part of the country, water is_ oil. A.so dear as B.as dear as C.dear as D.so dear,18. The bread is _ than these cakes. A.very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious,C,B,B,19. In our city its _ in July ,but it is even _ in August . A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotte

29、r; hot D. hot; hotter,D,20.- Did you love your day trip? (10南京) - Yes, we enjoyed the roller coaster _ of all. A. most B. little C. need D. less 22. The doctors in ORBIS have done _ an important job _ the patients are all grateful to them. A. too, to B. so, that C. such, that D. as, as,A,B,C,24. As

30、the sports meeting, Simon jumped as _ as Daniel. (10 淮安) A. high B. higher C. slow D. slower,B,A,D,3.Which is _ _ (big),the sun, the earth or the moon ?,the biggest,用所给词的适当形式填空.,4.Mary has three brothers.Smith is_ _ (tall) of the three.,the tallest,5.Mount Qomolangma is _ _ (high) in the world .,the highest,6.Jim jumped _ (high) of the all.,highest,7.Look at the children on the playground. They are flying kites_ (愉快地). Lets join them. (10南京) 8. It is _ (harm) for you to read newspapers in the sun.(10淮安) 9. The h_ you climb, the more beautiful view you will see.(10盐城) 10. The _ (poll