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1、 Windows provides a user-friendly graphical ( interface) including pop-up menus, scroll bars, dialogue boxes, icons and etc参考译文Windows向用户提供了用户友好的图形界面,包括弹出式菜单、滚动条、对话框和图标等。 Bitmap images use a grid of small squares known as ( pixels) to represent images参考译文位图使用一组小方块网格来描述图像,其中每个小方块称为像素。 With ( web chat

2、) you can communicate in real time with people all around the world参考译文利用网上聊天人们可以实时地与全世界的人进行通信。 Office ( Automation) is the application of the computer and communications technologv to improve the pronuctivity of office workers参考译文办公自动化是计算机和通信技术的应用,旨在提高办公室工作人员的工作效率。( E-Commerce) means the conducting

3、 of business communication and transaction over network and through computers参考译文电子商务就是通过计算机在网上进行商务通信和交易。 The two goals of an operation system are ( convenience) and efficiency.参考译文操作系统的两大目标是方便和效率。 A data ( dictionary) is a file that contains metadata - that is, data about data.参考译文数据字典就是包含元数据的文件,即关

4、于数据的数据。Software ( maintenance) activities consume a large portion of the total life-cycle budget.参考译文软件维护活动花费总的生命周期的大部分预算。Network software consists of ( protocols) , or rules by which processes can communicate.参考译文网络软件包括各种协议,即各进程之间通信所依据的规则。The firewall device is a ( security) system for connecting a

5、 computer network to other computer network.参考译文防火墙设备是将一个计算机网络连接到另一个计算机网络的安全系统。As an operating system repeatedly allocates and frees storage space , many physically separated unused areas appear. This phenomenon is called ( fragmentation) .参考译文随着操作系统反复分配与释放存储空间,就会出现许多不连续的未用物理区域,这种现象称为碎片。To document

6、your code can increse program ( readability) and make program easier to ( maintain) .参考译文将您的程序代码文档化可以增加程序的可读性,并使程序易于维护。We can use the word processor to ( edit) you documents.参考译文可以用文字处理软件来编辑你的文挡。A ( virus) infected computer may lose its data.参考译文感染病毒的计算机可能会丢失数据。The line of computing jobs waiting to

7、be run on a computer system might be a ( queue) . The jobs are serviced in the order of their arrival, that is, the first in is the first out.参考译文计算机系统上等待运行的计算作业队伍可以排成一个队列,按到达的先后顺序进行处理,即先进先出。The ( operating system) is a collection of modules serving as interface between hardware and software to prov

8、ide a software platform.参考译文操作系统是一组程序模块,作为硬件与软件之间的接口,提供了一个软件平台。C+ fully supports ( object-oriented) programming.参考译文C+全面支持面向对象程序设计。The Internet is an open system, and most information is available to everyone. It is very important to add ( Web pages) to existing system for protecting the secret info

9、rmation.参考译文因特网是一个开放系统,大部分信息可以为每个人所用。因此,在现有系统中增加安全性以保护秘密信息非常重要。A ( firewall) system placed between the company network and the outside world may limit outside access to the internal network.()A.B. modem C. gatewayD. key参考译文位于公司网络与外界之间的防火墙可以限制外界对内部网络的访问。A ( processor) is a functional unit that interp

10、rets and carries out instructions.参考译文处理器是解释并执行指令的部件。A ( programming language) consists of the symbols,characters, and usage rules that permit people to communicate with computer.参考译文程序设计语言由符号、字符及使用规则组成,使人们可以与计算机通信。( Application) software, also called end-user program, includes database programs, wo

11、rd processors, spreadsheets etc.参考译文应用软件也称为最终用户程序,包括数据库程序、文字处理软件电子表格软件等。In ( a stack) ,the only element that can be deleted or removed is the one that was inserted most recently.参考译文在栈中,只有最近插入的元素才能被删除或取出。Most ( security) measures involve data encryption and password.参考译文安全措施大多包括数据加密与口令。Insufficient

12、( memory) can cause a processor to work at 50% or even more below its performance potential. 参考译文内存不足会使处理器的性能潜力只能发挥一半甚至更低。The ( virus) in e-mail messages has affected almost every computer around the world and has caused the damage of up to US$1 billion in North America. 参考译文电子邮件中的病毒已感染了全球几乎每台计算机,在北

13、美造成了多达10亿美元的损失。One of the basic rules of computer security is to change your ( password) regularly. ()A. nameB. computer C. deviceD. 参考译文计算机安全性的基本规则之一是定期改变您的口令。One of the greatest features of a home ( network) is the ability to share one Internet connection simultaneously over two or more computers.

14、 参考译文家庭计算机网的最大特点是多台计算机能同时共享一个因特网接口。The usual address for a Web site is the ( home) page address, although you can enter the address of any page and have that page sent to you. 参考译文网址一般就是主页地址,尽管你可以进入任何网页地址并且使该页发送给你。试题()()给出了计算机英文术语的解释,请从供选择的参考答案中选择正确的术语。( Overflow):An error can be caused by attemptin

15、g to divide by 0.参考译文溢出:企图用0除时会产生的一种错误。( Debug):The process of identifying and correcting errors in a program.参考译文调试:找出并纠正程序错误的过程。( Database):A collection of related information,orizanized for easv retrieval.参考译文数据库:相关信息的集合,组织起来使其易于检索。()Buffer:A location where data can be temporarily stored.参考译文缓冲区:

16、临时存放数据之处。( Tool bar):A graphical bar with buttons that perform some of the most common commands.参考译文工具栏:由按钮组成的图形化条,这些按钮可以执行大部分常用操作。Every valid character in a computer that uses even ( parity) must always have an even number or 1 bits.参考译文计算机中采用偶校验的字符一定含有偶数个1。The maximum number of data that can be ex

17、pressed by 8 bits is (255) .参考译文8位能表示的最大数是255。Integration ( testing) is the process of verifying that the components of a system work together as described in the program design and system design specifications.参考译文集成测试就是验证系统各个组成部分能否按程序设计和系统设计规格说明书所描述的方式一起工作的过程。GIF files are limited to a maximum of

18、8 bits/pixel,it simply means that no more than256 colors are allowed in ( an image) .参考译文GIF格式的文件规定每个像素最多8位,这就意味着GIF图像不能超过256色。Computer ( network) is a complex consisting of two or more connected computing units, it is used for the purpose of data communication and resource sharing.参考译文计算机网络是由两个或者两个

19、以上的计算装置组成的复合体,旨在用于数据通信和资源共享。( Scanner) is a device that converts images to digital format.参考译文扫描仪是一种设备,能将图片转换成数码形式。In C language, a ( string) is a series of characters enclosed in double quotes.参考译文在C语言中,字符串就是用双引号括起来的一串字符。( SearchEngines) are those programs that help find the information you are try

20、ing to locate on the WWW.参考译文搜索引擎就是帮助你在互联网上找到所需信息的程序。In C language, ( declarations) are used to create variables and are grouped at the top of a program block.参考译文C语言中,数据类型的说明集中放在程序块首,用于建立各种变量。An ( assignment) statement can perform a calculation and store the result in a variable so that it can be u

21、sed later.参考译文赋值语句能执行计算,并将计算结果存入变量,待以后使用。A sequence of any number of characters enclosed in the double queotes “ ” is called a character ( string) .参考译文在双引号“”内由若干个字符组成的串称为字符串。In C launguage, when an array name is passed to a function, what is passed is the (location) of the beginning of the array.参考

22、译文在C语言中,向函数传送一个数组名时,所传送的是该数组的起始地址。In C language, the result of the logical ( NOT) operator is 1 if the value of its operand is 0, 0 if the value of its operand is non-zero.参考译文在C语言中,如果操作数的值为0,则逻辑运算NOT后的结果为1;如果操作数的值非0,则逻辑运算NOT后的结果为0。A floating constant consists of an integer part, a decimal point, a

23、fraction part, an e or E, and an optionally signed integer ( exponent).参考译文浮点常数由整数部分、小数点、小数部分、e(或E)以及可以带符号的阶码组成。The ( clipboard) is a temporary storage area that you can use to copy or move selected text or object among application.参考译文剪贴板是一个临时存储区,用于在应用程序之间复制或移动所选文本或对象。A ( multimedia) computer is a

24、personal computer whose hardware is capable of using any or all of the following media in a program : audio,text,graphics,video and animation.参考译文多媒体计算机是一种个人计算机,其硬件能使程序可以利用下列各种媒体:音频、文本、图形、视频和动画。The ( mouse) controls the cursor or pointer on the screen and allows the user to access commands by pointi

25、ng and clicking .参考译文鼠标器控制屏幕上的光标(或指针),使用户能够通过指定和点击来执行命令。A ( scanner) copies a photograph,drawing or page of text into the computer.参考译文扫描仪把图像、图形和文本页面复制到计算机中。( Operating system) is permanently stored in the computer and provides a link between the hardware and other programs that run on the PC.参考译文操作

26、系统永久地存储在计算机中,提供了硬件与运行在PC中的其他程序的连接。( Graph) is not a linear structure.参考译文图形不是一种线性结构。( Web page) means “Any HTML document on a HTTP Server”.参考译文Web页面表示HTTP服务器上任意的HTML文档。The term ( source) program means a program written in high-level language.参考译文源程序表示用高级语言书写的程序。Very long,complex expressions in progr

27、am are difficult to write correctly and difficult to( debug) .参考译文在程序中,长而复杂的表达式很难正确地书写且不易于调试。In C language,functions are important because they provide a way to ( modularize) code so that a large complex program can be written by combining many smaller parts.参考译文在C语言中,函数是很重要的。因为函数具有把代码模块化的功能,通过代码模块化

28、,一个大且复杂的程序能够写成多个小程序的组合。The standard ( libraries) in C language contain many useful functions for input and output , string handing,mathematical computations,and system programming tasks.参考译文在C语言中,标准库函数包括许多用于输入、输出、字符串处理、数学计算、系统调用的函数。One use of networks is to let several computers share ( resources) s

29、uch as file system,printers,and tape drives.参考译文计算机网络的作用之一就是让多台计算机共享文件系统、打印机和磁带机等资源。A firewall is a ( security)system designed to ( protect) an organizations network against threats.参考译文防火墙是一个安全系统,用来保护一个组织的网络不受到威胁。The ( operating system) has several major components, including the system kernel, a m

30、emory management system, the file system manager, device drivers, and the system libraries.参考译文操作系统有几个主要的组成部分,包括系统内核、存储管理系统、文件系统管理器、设备驱动器和系统库。( Pointer) is the address of a variable or a variable in which the address of another variable is stored.参考译文指针是一个变量的地址或者是存储了另一个变量地址的变量。For ( connection-orien

31、ted) service, we need a virtual-circuit subnet. Let us see how that works. The idea behind virtual circuits is to avoid having to choose a new ( route) for every packet sent. Instead, when a connection is established, a route from the ( source) machine to the destination machine is chosen as part of

32、 the connection setup and stored in tables inside the ( routers). That route is used for all traffic flowing over the connection, exactly the same way that the telephone system works. When the connection is released, the virtual circuit is also terminated. With connection-oriented service, each pack

33、et carries an ( identifier) telling which virtual circuit it belongs to参考译文实现面向连接的服务需要一个虚电路子网,下面看它如何工作。虚电路的主要思想是避免为每一个发送的分组都进行一次新的路由选择。事实上,在连接建立过程中,从源主机到目标主机的路由已经选定,并存储在路由器内部的路由表中。连接上的所有通信都使用这个路由,与电话系统的工作方式完全一样。当连接释放时,虚电路也终止了。在面向连接的服务中,每一个分组都含有一个标识符,用于表示该分组所属的虚电路号。参考答案An internet is a combination of

34、 networks connected by ( routers) . When a datagramgoes from a source to a ( destination) , it will probably pass many ( routers) until it reaches the router attached to the destination network. A router receives a ( packet) from a network and passes it to another network. A router is usually attach

35、ed to several networks. Whenit receives a packet,to which network should it pass the packet? The decision is based on optimization: Which of the available( pathways) is the optimum pathway?参考译文因特网是由路由器连接的网络的组合。当一个数据报从源出发到达目标时,它也许经过了许多路由器,直到它到达连接目标网络的路由器。路由器从网络接收一个分组,把它传递到另外一个网络。一个路由器通常连接多个网络。当收到一个分组

36、时,路由器应该把它传递给哪个网络呢?这个决策是最优化的,取决于哪条通路是最优通路。?Each machine supporting TCP has a TCP transport entity, either a library procedure, a user process, or part of the kernel. In all case, it manages TCP streams and ( interfaces) to the IP layer.A TCP ( entity) accepts user data streams from local process, bre

37、aks them into pieces not exceeding 64KB, and sends each piece as a separate IP ( datagram) . When datagrams containing TCP data arrive at a machine, they are given to the TCP entity, which reconstructs the original byte streams. The IP layer gives no guarantee that datagrams will be delivered proper

38、ly, so it is up to TCP to time out and ( retransmit) them as need be. Datagrams do arrive may well do so in the wrong order, it is also up to TCP to ( reassemble) them into messages in the proper sequence.参考译文每一个支持TCP的机器都有一个TCP实体,或者是一个库过程,或者是一个用户进程,或者是内核的一部分。在所有情况下,它都管理着TCP流和通向IP层的接口。TCP实体从本地进程中接收用户

39、的数据流,将其划分为不超过64KB的段,把每一段作为IP数据报进行发送。当包含TCP数据的数据报到达一个机器时,它们被交给TCP实体,重新构造成原来的字节流。IP层不保证数据报完整地提交,所以TCP必须利用超时机制在必要时进行重传。数据报也许不会按顺序到达,还需由TCP把它们按照正确的顺序重新组装成报文。A multicast router may receive thousands of multicast ( packets) every day for different groups. If a router has no knowledge about the membership

40、status of the( hosts) , it must broadcast all of these packets. This creates a lot of traffic and consumes ( bandwidth) . A better solution is to keep a list of groups in the network for which there is at least one loyal member. ( IGMP) helps the multicast router create and update this list. For eac

41、h group, there is one router that has the duty of distributing the ( multicast) packets destined for that group. This means that if there are three multicast routers connected to a network, their lists of groupids are mutually exclusive. A host or multicast router can have membership in a group.参考译文

42、组播路由器每天可能接收到成千上万个组播分组。如果路由器不了解组播成员的主机状态,它就必须广播所有的分组。这样就产生了大量的通信,耗费了很多带宽。更好的解决方案是在网络中维护一个组成员表,每个组中至少有一个忠实的成员。IGMP协议帮助组播路由器生成和更新这个表。对于每一级,要有一个路由器负责发布该组的组播分组。这意味着如果有3个组播路由器连接在一个网络中,那么它们的组标识符列表就是相互不包含的。一个主机或组播路由器可以成为多个组的成员。TCP/IP ( application) layer protocols provide services to the application( softwa

43、re) running on a computer. The application layer does not define the application itself, but rather it defines ( services )that applications need-like the ability to transfer a file in the case of HTTP. In short, the application layer provides an( interface)between software running on a computer and

44、 the network itself. The TCP/IP application layer includes a relatively large number of protocols, with HTTP being only one of those. The TCP/IP ( transport)layer consists of two main protocol options-the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).参考译文TCP/IP传输层协议为运行在计算机

45、上的应用软件提供服务。应用层没有定义应用本身,而是定义了应用需要的服务,例如采用HTTP可以传输文件。简而言之,应用层提供了运行在计算机上的软件与网络之间的接口。TCP/IP应用层包括了很多的协议,HTTP仅是其中之一。TCP/IP传输层主要由两个可选的协议组成-传输控制协议(TCP)和用户数据报协议(UDP)。Spyware and other forms of malware are the biggest online threat to your computers ( security) nowadays. These malicious ( programs) which get

46、to your PC through freeware, shareware, commercial sites, deceptive pop-ups or in any other way, can record your surfing habits and sites you visit, share your personal information with their partners. Any personal ( information) , when in wrong hands, can leave you a victim of an identity theft by

47、steeling your credit ( card) details, birth records and other ( confidential) information.参考译文目前,间谍软件和其他形式的恶意软件对联网的计算机是最大的安全威胁。通过免费软件、共享软件、商业网站、欺骗性的弹出窗口或其他途径进入你的计算机的这种恶意程序,可以记录你的冲浪行为和你访问过的站点,与你的合作者共享你的个人信息。任何个人信息一旦落入入侵者的手中,都会使你成为职业盗贼的受害者,他们会偷去你的信用卡信息,你的生日记录和其他商业信息。( Standardization) is the conscious

48、 effort to make all jobs similar, routine, and interchangeable.参考译文标准化就是努力使各项工作类似、常规化、可交换。A Web ( browser) is one of many software applications that function as the interface between a user and the Internet.参考译文网页浏览器是用户与互联网之间起交互作用的众多软件应用之一。Firewall is a ( security) mechanism used by organizations to

49、 protect their LANs from the Internet.参考译文防火墙是许多部门用来保护其局域网免受来自互联网破坏的一种安全措施。A query is used to search through the database to locate a particular record or records, which conform to specified ( criteria) .参考译文查询就是对数据库的检索,即按照指定的准则找出数据库中的一个记录或一组记录。( Information) now plays a central role in the global e

50、conomy.参考译文现在,信息在全球经济中发挥着核心作用。The personal computer or ( microcomputer)is the smallest general-purpose computer.参考译文个人计算机即微机是最小的通用计算机。The program and the data are kept inside the computer in a place called ( memory).参考译文在计算机中存放程序和数据的地方称为内存。All modern ( operating system) are multitasking and can supp

51、ort running several processes simultaneously.参考译文现在的操作系统都是多任务的,能支持多个进程同时运行。( CPU)controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions.参考译文CPU控制计算机的操作,并实现其数据处理功能。Computer ( memory ) is used to temporarily store data.参考译文计算机主存胜于临时存放数据。( I/O port) provides a data path betwe

52、en the CPU and external devices.参考译文I/O接口在CPU与外部设备之间提供了数据通路。The user must interact with the ( operating system) in order to accomplish task.参考译文用户为了完成任务必须与操作系统进行交互。( Database system) are designed to manage large bodies of information.参考译文数据库系统设计用于管理大量的数据。The Internet is the worlds largest computer (

53、network).参考译文互联网是世界上最大的计算机网络。Input data from keyboard are stored in ( memory) for processing.参考译文从键盘输入的数据存放在内存中以待处理。Display units,printers are ( output) device.参考译文显示器、打印机都是输出设备。( Operation system) is the foundation on which applications are built.参考译文操作系统是基础,应用都是建于其上。When Word is started it creates

54、 a new blank ( document) .参考译文启动Word时将建立一个空白文档。( Printer) is an output device displaying the result on paper.参考译文打印机是一种输出设备,它将计算结果展示在纸上。Each Web ( site) has its own unique address known as a URL(Uniform Resource Locator).参考译文每个网站有唯一的地址,称为URL(统一资源定位)。(Backups) are essential for the protection of data

55、.参考译文备份是保护数据的重要措施。It is possible to have more than one (document) open in Word at the same time.参考译文Word允许用户同时打开多个文档。A group of related fields is called a (record).参考译文一组相关的字段称为记录。Data can be ( copied and pasted) to another part of the spreadsheet. The original dataremains.参考译文数据可以复制并粘贴到电子表的另一处,而原始数

56、据仍保留。Select a cell in the worksheet. The contents of the cell will appear inthe ( formula) bar.参考译文在工作表中选中一个单元格,该单元格的内容就会显示在公式栏内。以下各段叙述给出了 5 个计算机专业英文术语的英文解释。这些英文专业术语依顺序分别是()、()、()、()和()。( E-Mail) Messages that are sent electronically over a network.( program) A series of instructions(commands) perfo

57、rmed in a sequence specifying actions to accomplish a task.( ASCII) The character code built into most modern personal computers.( bit) The minimal unit of information, it can have the value 1 or 0.( CPU) The brain of a computer, it contains the ALU, the clock, many registers, the bus interface and circuitry that makes these parts work together.参考译文电子邮件-在网络中传播的电子信息。程序-为完成一个任务而依次执行指定动作的一系列指令(或命令)。ASCII-大多数现代个人计算机上内建的字符编码。比特-最小的信息单位,其值为1或者0。CPU-计算机的“大脑”,它包含算术逻辑部件、时钟、多个寄存器和总线接口以及使各个部件协同工作的电路。Computer systems consist of two

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