高中英语语法专题复习课件 构词法共29张

1、1,构词法的三种构成形式,2,派生、转化及合成词的灵活使用,英语构词法主要有三种,合成、转化,和派生,一、合成,合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合,成一个新词,合成形式主要有以下几种,1,合成名词,名词,名词,postman, girlfriend,flowerbed, notebook,形容词,名词,blackboard, supermarket,greenhouse,名词,动词,daybreak, sunrise, breastfeed,动词,ing,形式,名词,reading room,washing machine,名词,动词,ing,形式,handwriting,papermaking

2、,动词,名词,pickpocket, workroom,动词,副词,breakup, get-together,其它形式,go-between, passer-by,2,合成形容词,形容词,数词,名词,ed,warm-hearted,five-storeyed,名词,过去分词,home-made, hand-made,名词,形容词,world-famous, ice-cool,形容词,数词,名词,full-time, second-hand,形容词,过去分词,newborn, short-sighted,副词,过去分词,well-known, newly-built,其它形式,face-to-

3、face, evergreen,3,合成代词,代词宾格,物主代词,self/selves,herself,ourselves,某些不定代词,some, any, every, no,等,body/one/thing,anyone, nothing,4,合成介词,介词,介词,throughout, within,5,合成副词,副词,名词,indoors, overhead, upstairs,介词,名词,alongside, beforehand,名词,形容词,sky-high,副词,介词,nearby,其它形式,meanwhile, headfirst,6,合成动词,副词,动词,overhea

4、r, overwork, underline,名词,动词,moonwalk, sunbathe,形容词,动词,whitewash, safeguard,二、转化,转化是指一个单词的词形不经过任何变,化而由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性,1,动词转化为名词,有些词在转化过程中词义变化不大,如,try, swim, shout, cry, kiss, wash, guess,等,有,些动词转化为名词时意义有一定的变化,如,feed,v,喂养,n,饲料,draw,v,画画,抽，拉,n,平局）等,2,形容词转化为动词、名词或副词,有些形容词可以转化为动词,如,quiet,adj,安静的,v,使安静,有

5、些形容词可以转化为名词,如,quiet,adj,安静的，寂静的,n,安静，寂,静,; calm,adj,镇静的,n,泰然自若,有些形容词可以转化为副词,如,dear, high, low, cheap, full, near, close, long,等,3,一些其它情况的转化,如,They,forwarded,his mail to his new,address.,adv,v,The people are walking,north,n,adv,三、派生,派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀,构成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变,词性,后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义,1,常见前缀,1,in-

6、, il-, im-, ir-, un-, non-,表否定,incomplete, illegal, impossible,irregular, unwise, non-smoker,2,dis-, un-,表反向或反义,: disconnect,untie,3,mis-,表贬义,: misunderstand, mislead,4,over-, super-, under-,表程度,overweight, supermarket, undercharge,5,fore-, trans-, inter-,表位置,: forehead,transplant, international,6,r

7、e-, post-, pre-,表次序、时间,: rebuild,post-war, pre-school,7,bi-, tri-, multi-, semi-,表数量,: bicycle,tricycle, multi-racial, semicircle,8,a-, en-,转化词类,: asleep, endanger,2,常见后缀,1,名词后辍,ery, -ry,表性质、场所,: bravery, nursery,hood,表身份、性质,: motherhood,brotherhood,形容词后面加,ism,表主义、行为,: socialism,criticism,名词后加,ship,

8、表状态、身份,: friendship,membership,动词或者名词后加,ess,表女性,: waitress,动词后加,ee,表动作承受者,: employee,动词后加,er,或,or,表施事者,: employer, actor,ist,表主义者、从事某种职业,: socialist,violinist,al,表行为、结果,: refusal, arrival,动词后去不发音的,e,加,tion,或直接加,tion,表,过程、状态,: translation, election,动词后加,ment,表,的行为,: arrangement,movement,ity, -ness,形容

9、词转名词,: diversity, happiness,2,形容词后缀,ed,动词后加,ed,表具有,: excited, amazed,ful,名词后加,ful,表充满,: hopeful, thankful,ish,表类似,: childish,less,名词后面加,less,表没有,的,careless, useless,like,表“像,: childlike,ly,表特色、“每,: motherly, daily,y,表具有,特征,: sandy,able, -ive,动词转形容词,: changeable,attractive,al, -ial, -ical,名词后加,表具有,特点

10、,与,有关,: accidental, professorial,psychological,3,副词后缀,形容词或名词后加,ly: calmly, carefully,表示地点或方位的词后加,ward(s,变为副词,如,southward(s), backward(s), outward(s,等,4,动词后缀,en, -ify, -ize: widen, simplify, beautify,symbolize,I,阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容,不多于,3,个单词）或括号内单词的正确,形式,1. While there are 68. _ (amaze,stories of inst

11、ant transformation, for most,of us the changes are gradual and require a,lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a,polluted river. Just be 70. _,patience). (2014,年新课标全国卷,I,第三部分,patient,amazing,2. There were many people waiting at the,bus stop, and some of them looked very,anxious and 43. _,disappoi

12、nt). (2014,年新课标全国卷,II,第,二部分,disappointed,3. Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and,reach out your arms like tree branches,naturally and 62. _ (soft). Try to,keep your body straight. Move slowly,then be sure to keep your balance and,dont let your body shake,Peter: I cannot control my body well,My legs b

13、ecome 63. _,pain). (2014,年辽宁卷第三部分,painful,softly,4. In addition to their simple beauty, what,makes the adobe dwellings admirable is,their 63,able) to “air condition” a,house,2015,新课标全国卷,II,第三部分,ability,5. Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asias biggest building, and fancy new,hotels. But for to

14、urists like me, pandas are,its top 61. _ (attract,2016,新课,标全国卷,I,6. Then, handle the most important tasks,first so youll feel a real sense of 42,_ (achieve,2016,新课标,全国卷,II,attraction,achievement,II,根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示,词，写出对应单词的正确、完整形式，每,空只写一词,1. Im happy that my 80,year-old grandma,has learned how to

15、 _,下载,from,the Internet. (2014,年陕西卷单词拼写,2. They failed to reach a settlement, because,they _,不同意,too much with,each other. (2014,年陕西卷单词拼写,disagreed,download,根据括号内的提示写出所缺单词的正确形式,A,1. I dont think well go down to the beach today,Its too _ (cloud,2. It took us quite a long time to get to the Art,Galler

16、y. It was a(n) _,三小时的,journey,3. We decided to take the flat because it was quite,large and the rent was very _ (reason,cloudy,three-hour,reasonable,4. This bike is _,二手的,but,its still in good condition,5. Drug _ (addict) is a problem,causing great concern,6. My brother is really _,辛,勤工作的,. He often

17、 works in his office far,into the night,7. After losing her job she was _,employ) for a month,8. Im not sure at all. I really cant say with,_ (certain,second-hand,addiction,hard-working,unemployed,certainty,B,Eve: I think it necessary to have some cultural,1. _ (communicate,between children in diffe

18、rent countries,Ben: I couldnt agree more. It is 2. _,mean). Not only can it broaden our 3,_,多种文化的,knowledge,and enrich our lives, it can also enable us,to develop unlimited love and 4. _,friend) with others from various,social 5. _,背景,communication,meaningful,multicultural,friendship,backgrounds,C,Although my sister and I have a(n) 1,_ (differ) mother, we are 2. _,certain) alike. This is not just a matter of 3,_ (appear) though we are small with,curly hair and have a tendency to overeat