book8-Unit-1--language-points资料.ppt

1、Unit 1 A Land of Diversity,Main Language points,.重点短语 1.live_继续存在；继续生存 2.by _of 用方法；借助 3._a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 4.keep _坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) 5.back_back 背靠背 6._up with 与合作或一起工作,on,means,make,up,to,team,7._out 划线；标出界限 8.take_包括；吸收 9.a great/good_许多；很多 10._ war on/upon. 向宣战 11.apply_申请；请示得到,declare,for,mar

2、k,in,many,have a population of diversity of culture 50% (percent) of the students by means of in addition (to ),有人口 文化的多样性 50%的学生 4. 用.方法 5. 除之外还,6. 被统治 7. 很大比例（的） 8. 对宣战 9. 实现.的梦想 10. 开始/习惯于新的 生活方式/工作等，谋生,be ruled by a large percentage (of) declare war on achieve ones dream of doing. make a life,11

3、. 保持，保存 12. 成为的家园 13. 到的时候 14. 选择/决定做某事 15. 不久以后,keep up become home to by the time elect to do before long,1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.,(1) 对人口提问用what, 不用how many或 how much。 Whats the population of the city? 这个城市有多少人口？,(2) population 作主语时用单数，但前

4、有分数、小数或百分数时，谓语动词用复数。 The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国人口比美国人口多。 80% of the population are farmers. 百分之80的人口是农民。,(3) 人口的增加或减少用grow (increase) 和 fall (decrease); 人口的多少用large和small修饰。 There has been a rapid increase in population in the city in the last few years. 过去几年这座城市人口增长很

5、快。,2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。1）1).distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著; distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的 He has a distinct gift for drawing. 他有很明显的绘画天赋。 You should make your wr

6、iting distinct. 你应把字写清楚。,Complete the sentences with the words above. 1) He could remember everything very _. 2) He has the _ of being the most diligent student in our class. 3) There is a _ improvement in your study. 习惯用语：be distinct from 与不同的 翻译：那两个建议截然不同。 Those two suggestions are quite distinct

7、from each other.,distinction,distinctly,distinct,2).It also has the distinction of being 意思是What it is known for is ,3. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆穿越

8、北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。 means n. 手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同） Radio and television are important means of communication. 无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。 Please find an alternative means of transport. 请另外找一种运输方式。 Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。 All means have been tried. 所有方法都试过了。,拓展 by means of 用办法；借助 by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以 b

9、y no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时句子用部分倒装） by every means 尽一切可能的办法 She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs. 她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。 We have to finish our task by all means. 我们必须竭力完成任务。 She is by no means poor, in fact, she is quite rich. 她可不穷, 其实她很有钱。 I will help you by every means. 我会尽全力

10、帮助你。,翻译句子 这绝非解决问题的良计。 他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。 This is by no means a good way to solve the problem. He let himself down slowly by means of a rope.,4. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.,1) sb./sth. is likely to do sth. 某人/某物有可能做某事 It is li

11、kely/probable/possible that . 有可能 It is possible for sb. to do sth. . 有可能做.,2) 辨析：likely, possible与probable possible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“较为可能、大概”，指有实际依据；likely是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。,probable: 句型为 It is probable that possible: 句型为 Its possible (for sb.) to do sth. / Its possible t

12、hat likely的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。,Ishelikelytowin? 他有可能获胜吗？ Its possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能来, 但也不一定准来。,5. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the Natives.在首批移居加

13、州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。 majority n. 大多数；大半 major adj.主要的，重要的，较大的，较多的；主修的; n. 主修科目；主修学生; v. 主修（in） minority n. 少数，半数以下；少数派；少数民 minor adj. 较小的；不重要的 be in a/the majority 占大多数 be in the minority 占少数 The Democrats became the majority in the election. 民主党在这次选举中变成了多数党。 He won by a large majority.

14、 他赢得了大多数票。,注意： the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。 the majority of后可以接不可数名词, 也可以接可数名词复数。 当the majority of+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 当the majority of+可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。 The majority was/were for the budget. 大多数人都赞成这一预算。 The majority of students are hardworking. 大多数学生都很勤奋。 The majority of the damage is easy to

15、repair. 大部分的破坏很容易修复。,The majority _ in favour of the proposal. The majotity of the workers _ from the countryside. The majority of the damage _ difficult to repair.,was/were/is/are,are/were,is/was,完成句子 (1)他以71票的优势赢得了该席位。 He won the seat with. (2)她在董事会以110的多数票当选为董事长。 She was chosen as the president o

16、f the company 110 in the board.,a majority of 71 votes,by a majority of,(3)多数人喜欢电脑胜过电视。 _ seem to prefer computer to TV. (4)多数人赞成这个建议。 The majority _ the proposal.,The majority of people,was/were in favour of,辨析：die from, die of die of 死于疾病、饥饿等, 多指内部原因。 die from 常用死于创伤、交通事故, 多指外部未知原因。,9. In addition

17、, many died from the diseases brought by Europeans.,10. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land.,辨析: fight for, fight against与fight with,fight for “为事业, 自由, 真理, 权利等而斗争(战斗)” fight against (可用with) the en

18、emy “为反对而斗争”，接人和国家名词，意思是“与战斗” fight with sb. 也可表示与某人并肩作战,Gold miners,They came to California with the dream of _, but few achieved it. Some died or returned home, most remained there to _ for themselves.,make a life,becoming rich,4. 开始/习惯新的生活、工作等, 谋生 谋生 _ 继续生活或生存 _ 过着的生活 _ After graduation, he went

19、to Beijing, with the purpose of _there. However, he couldnt find a job and had to _by begging. He said he was _（过着悲惨的生活）but he would _and never give up no matter what happened.,lead / live a (adj.) life,make /earn a/ones living,live on,make a life,making a life,live on,living a miserable life,make a

20、 living,完成句子 (1)他们去了西部地区，决心去适应新生活。 They went to the West and decided_. (2)他靠卖菜为生。 He _ selling vegetables. (3)救援队使婴儿苏醒过来了。 The rescue team_.,to make a life there,earned/made a/his living by,brought the baby back to life,earns/makes a/his living by,By the time California elected to become the 31st fe

21、deral state of the USA, it was already a multicultural society. 5. elect Vi. 选择，决定做某事；Vt. 选举，推选 1). elect to do = choose/decide to do选择，决定做某事 翻译：现在越来越多的人选择在家工作。 Nowadays more and more people elect to work at home. 2). elect sb. (to be/as) 选举/推选某人为 翻译：美国人民每隔4年选一次总统。奥巴马当选为美国第44任总统。 Americans elect a P

22、resident every four years and Obama was elected as the 44th president of America. * adj. 候任的，当选而尚未就职的（用于名词后） the president elect 候任总统 *n. election 选举/推选,presidential election,stand/run for election,election results,to win/lose an election,6. keep up 坚持；维持；保持；沿袭（风俗、传统等） 翻译：我们请她别再说话了，但她依旧说下去。 我认为你应该鼓足

23、勇气。 We asked her to stop talking, but she kept up. I think you should keep up your courage.,keep 的相关短语 阻止/妨碍做某事 跟上 记日记 (与)保持联系 使离开, 避免接近，远离 使不靠近/接触/远离 抑制某事物的增长，使保持在低水平,keep up with,keep . from,keep a diary,keep in touch (with),keep away (from),keep down,keep off,完成句子：It is because most immigrants _

24、their own cultures and customs that California has come the most multicultural state in the USA.,keep up,完成句子：,1) If this rain _, the garden will be ruined. 2) This is my phone number. Lets _. 3) The police asked the people to _ the scene of the accident. 4) We appeal to the government to _ the high

25、 prices of houses, about which many people are complaining. 5)The noises made by my neighbours when they play mahjong always _ me _ sleeping. 6) Its of great benefit for you _ in English.,keeps up,keep off/keep away from,keep down,keep in touch,keep from,to keep a diary,17. application (n.)申请(applic

26、ation to sb. for sth. );应用(application of sth. to sth. ) apply (vi.)申请(apply to sb. for sth.); (vt.)应用(apply sth to sth. ) applicant (n.)申请人 1)His application to the club for membership has been refused. 2)The application of new technology to teaching has improved education greatly. 3)He applied to

27、a company for a job. 4)The new technology was applied to farming.,8. It didnt occur to me that . 我没有想到 occur v.发生；出现，存在；被想起，浮现 Earthquakes occur frequently in this area. 这一地区经常发生地震。 Do giraffes occur in Africa only? 长颈鹿是不是只在非洲才有? A brilliant idea occurred to me. =A brilliant idea struck me.= I struc

28、k on a brilliant idea. 我想到一个极好的主意。 It occurred to me to visit my teacher. 我想到要去看看我的老师。 It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble. 我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。,sth. occurs to sb.=sth. strikes sb.=sb. strikes on sth. 某事被想起/某想法浮现于某人脑海中 It occurs to sb. that . 某人想起某事 It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想起去做某事 oc

29、currence n. 发生的事情；存在的事物；发生；存在；出现 【易混辨析】occur, happen, take place与come about occur较正式,既可以指自然发生，也可以指有意安排。 happen一般用语，强调事情发生的偶然性。 take place发生；举行。指事先计划安排好的事情。 come about侧重事情发生的原因，常与how连用。,完成句子 (1)第二年他死了。 the following year. (2)今年发生了几场火灾。 Several fires this year. (3)他突然产生了一个想法。 to him.,His death occurre

30、d,have occurred,An idea occurred,(4)我突然想去探望双亲。 _ to visit my parents. (5)她突然想她可能会收养一个无家可归的孩子。 _ that she might adopt a homeless child.,It occurred to me,It occurred to her,20. indicate (vt.)表明，象征，暗示， 提及 indication (n.)表明，标示，象征 A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day. 2) Research

31、 indicates that eating habits are changing fast. 3)They gave no indication of how the work should be done.,22. apparent (adj.)显而易见 apparently (adv.)看来，显然 It was apparent from her face that she was really upset. 2) I thought she had retired, but apparently she hasnt.,12. team up with： 与合作或一起工作 I team

32、ed up with him to do the work. 类似结构短语有： keep up with：跟上；和.保持联系 come up with：赶上; (针对问题等)想出;提供 end up with：以.告终/结束,13. Theres a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. 有一种专为旅游者选定的驾车游活动。 mark out 划线；标出的界线 They marked out the tennis court with white paint. 他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。 Some of the best pupils have

33、 been marked out for special training. 已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。 mark sb. out for sth. 选出/选定某人做某事 mark down 写下，记下；降低的价格 mark up 标出；提高的价格 mark in 加画；绘入 mark out for 看中；选定,翻译句子 他被选定担当更高的职位。 我把那一点记在我的笔记本上。 He was marked out for a higher position. I marked that down in my notebook.,14. Its a 79km round trip th

34、at takes in all the famous tourist spots. 这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。 take in 包括；吸收；欺骗；收留；理解，领会；改小 The study of physics takes in many difficult subjects. 物理的学习包括许多困难的方面。 The salesman finds it easy to take in old ladies. 这个推销员发现老太太们容易上当受骗。 He had nowhere to go, so I took him in. 他无处可去, 所以我收留了他。 I wo

35、nder if hes really taking it in. 我想知道他是否真的明白了。 The dress needs to be taken in a bit. 这衣服需要稍微改小一点。,拓展 take off 脱下；起飞；成功；流行 take on 呈现；承担；雇用 take to 喜欢；亲近 take up 拿起；占据；开始从事；继续 take over 接管 take down 拿下，揭下；写下，记下；拆除 take .for . 把看作；把误认为是 take after （外貌或行为）像父亲或母亲,用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 take off; take up; take

36、in; take on; take down; take to The city has been developing very fast and it has _ _ a new look. The old man _ _ the story at this point. Dont be _ _by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. The plane for Beijing _ _at four oclock.,taken on,took up,taken in,takes off,辨析： a great deal o

37、f常与不可数名词连用，a great many则与可数名词的复数形式连用，它们的区别与 much和many的区别相同。,15. a great many 许多， 很多 There are a good many people in the hall. a great many + 名词复数, 谓语用复数 many a +名词单数, 谓语用单数,29.fascinating (adj.)迷人的 fascinated (adj.) 入迷的(by sth.) fascinate (vt.) 深深吸引 fascination (n.) 魅力,极大的吸引力 1)It is fascinating to

38、see how different people approach the problem. 2)The children watched, fascinated, as the picture began to appear. 3)China has always fascinated me. 4)Water holds a fascination for most children.,34. miserable (adj.) 痛苦的,可怜的 miserably (adv.) 可怜地, 痛苦地 misery U 痛苦,悲惨 1)I spent a miserable weekend alon

39、e at home. 2)They wandered around miserably. 3)Fame brought her nothing but misery.,35. punishment (n.)惩罚,处罚(for sth) punish (vt.) 惩罚 (punish sb. for sth. / for doing sht.) 1)What is the punishment for murder?,39.thankful (adj.)感谢,感激(be thankful for sth. / to do sth./ that) thankfully (adv.) 幸亏;感激地

40、thankless (adj.) 吃力不讨好的 thank (vt.) 感谢(thank sb. for sth./ for doing sth.) thanks pl. 感谢 (thanks to sb. for sth.),1)I was thankful to see theyd all arrived safely. 2)There was a fire in the building, but thankfully no one was hurt. 3)Sometimes being a mother and a housewife felt like a thankless tas

41、k.,重点句型,1However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，美洲土著人很可能在15 000年前就在加州生活着。2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.,3Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts

42、of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.二百年后，西班牙人定居在南美洲大多数地区以及现在美国的西北沿海。,4That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。,5Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail netwo