2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解 专题14 S字部（一）

1、专题十四 S字部（一）1. safeadj.安全的；n.保险柜关联词组：safe and sound安然无恙；safe distance安全距离用法：表示“安全的，没有危险的”，指自身处于一种无危险的状态；只作表语，不用在名词前；safe from sb./sth.意思是“没有的危险”。例如：The birds nests are high up, safe from other animals.鸟巢筑在高处，安全地避开了其它动物。表示“安全的，不会造成危险的”，指对外不构成危险；常用于it is safe (for sb.) to do sth.结构中。例如：Is it safe to sw

2、im here? 这里游泳安全吗？熟词僻义：safe还可以作名词，表示“保险柜（箱）”词性转换：safely adv.安全地；safety n.安全反义词：dangerous adj.危险的（2019，山东卷，单项填空）17. In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _about 570 million children.A. with B. for C. towards2. salen.出售，销售关联词组：for sale代售，出售；on sale上市出售；贱卖，廉价出售 用法：表示“

3、出售，销售”，表示销售某物的行为或过程。例如：I havent made a sale all week. 整整一个星期我什么也没卖出去。常用复数形式sales表示“销售量”。例如：Sales of cars are up this year. 汽车销量今年增加了。关联单词：sell（过去式和过去分词均为sold） v.卖，售（2019，山东卷，单项填空）26. Cathy sold some of her things in a yard sale and _the money to a childrens home.A. gave away B. gave up C. gave out3.

4、 samepron.同样的事；adj.同样的，同一的关联词组：all the same仍然；same to you彼此彼此用法：same作代词时，表示“同样（的事）”，常和定冠词the连用；the same as表示“（数量、颜色、尺寸等）相同，一样”。例如：Thanks for your help Ill do the same for you one day. 谢谢你的帮助总有一天我会报答你的。Id like one the same as yours. 我要一个和你一样的。same作形容词，可指同一个事物，也可指多个事物一模一样。通常和as连用。例如：They went to the s

5、ame school. 他们上的是同一所学校。He gets the same pay as me but he gets his own office. 他和我拿同样的工资，但他有自己的办公室。反义词：different adj.不同的（2019，浙江卷，完形）We were in the same summer school and now she thinks were best friends.4. savev.救，挽救；节省关联词组：save energy节约能源；save money省钱；save food节约粮食；save ones life挽救某人生命用法：表示“拯救，挽救”；

6、save sb./sth. from sth.从中把某人救出。例如：He saved the child from fire. 他把那个小孩从火里救了出来。表示“节约，节省”，与浪费相对。例如：Well save a lot of time if we go by car. 我们要是开车去，可以节省很多时间。反义词：waste v.浪费（2019，浙江卷，完形） The stage manager knew he had to do something quickly to_8_ the embarrassing situation.8. A. createB. saveC. continue

7、D. explain5. sayv.说，讲词形变化：过去式said，过去分词said关联词组：that is to say就是，即；hard to say很难说；say hello/goodbye/thank you说你好/再见/谢谢 用法：表示“说”，指用言语表达；多用作及物动词，后面接说的内容；say后面可接从句；say sth. to sb.对某人说某事。例如：“Im so tired,” she said. “我太累了。”她说。Did she say what happened? 她有没有说发生了什么事？What did you say to her? 你对她说了什么？表示“表达（信息

8、），说明”，指用文字、数字、图画等表达信息。例如：He received a letter saying that the party had been cancelled. 他收到一封信，说聚会取消了。几个“说”的区别：say是及物动词，侧重说的内容，即具体说了什么话，直接引语用say引出。speak表示“讲话、发言”，后面跟人做宾语时要加to；speak作及物动词时后面常跟各种语言。例如：May I speak to John, please? 我能和约翰讲话吗？/请找约翰接电话好吗？Can you speak French?你会说法语吗？talk表示“谈话、闲谈”，是不及物动词，talk

9、 to/with sb.；talk about sth.。例如：Who is talking to your mom? 谁在和你妈妈聊天？What are they talking about? 它们在聊啥？tell表示“讲述、告诉”，是及物动词，后面可以单独接人或者事物，也可以接双宾语，即tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb.告诉某人某事；也可以tell sb.+从句/介词短语等。例如：To tell you the truth, I dont like horror movies. 说实话，我们不喜欢恐怖片。Tell me if you need any help.

10、需要帮忙说一声。（2019，山东卷，单项填空）30. Are babies carefree (无忧无虑)? Anew study from the US says that 2-year-old babies care about _.A. how other saw them B. how do others see them C. how others see them6. sciencen.科学，自然科学关联词组：natural science自然科学；modern science现代科学；science park科学公园 用法：表示“科学学科”：science class/teach

11、er科学课/老师表示“（自然）科学”，是不可数名词。例如：the laws of science科学定律词性转换：scientific adj.科学的；scientifically adv.合乎科学地；scientist n.科学家（2019，山东卷，阅读B）Xiaodong says todays science textbooks fail to bring science to life. As a result, students seldom regard science as part of their everyday lives.7. scoren.&v.得分；分数关联词组：t

12、otal score总分数；final score最后得分；full score满分用法：作名词，表示考试的“分数、成绩”；游戏或比赛的“得分、比分”，常和介词of连用。例如：a score of 3-2 3比2的比分作动词，表示“得分”或“给打分/评分”；常用于score a goal短语中。例如：He has scored 12 goals so far this season. 这个赛季到目前为止他进了12个球。（2019，河北卷，阅读D）57. The word “mountains” in the third paragraph refers to(指代) “something to

13、 _ ”.A. explain the use of electricity B. lower the students scoresC. stop the social development D. change the law of the country8. searchn.&v.搜寻，搜查用法：search作动词，指“寻找，搜寻”，或特指用计算机“搜索，检索”，相当于look for。可用search for sb./sth.或者search sth. for sb./sth.的结构。例如：She searched her desk for the textbook. 她在她的书桌里搜

14、寻课本。search作名词，通常也和介词for搭配；in search of表示“寻找某物”。例如：She went into the kitchen in search of a drink. 她进了厨房，想找点喝的。（2019，江苏卷，单项填空）8. The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it 18 years ago.A. set up B.is set up C. was set up D

15、. will be set up9. secretn.秘密；秘诀；adj.秘密的关联词组：keep the secret保守秘密；business secret商业机密；the secret of success成功的秘诀；secret information/meetings/talks 秘密信息/会议/会谈用法：secret作名词，可表示“秘密”，也可用the secret (of sth.)表示“秘诀，诀窍”；in secret相当于in private，表示“秘密地，暗地里”。例如：The meeting was held in secret. 会议是秘密召开的。secret作形容词，

16、表示“秘密的，保密的”，其后常接from sb.表示“瞒着某人”。例如：He tried to keep it secret from his family. 这件事他试图瞒着家里。词性转换：secretly adv.秘密地；背地里；secretary n.秘书；书记（2019，浙江卷，词汇运用）36. The two little girls often stay together to_ (分享) their secrets.10. seev.看见，看到；领会词形变化：过去式saw，过去分词seen，现在分词seeing用法：see主要表示“看见，看到，看出”，不用于进行时，其后可接一般宾

17、语成分或that/wh-从句；see sb. doing sth.看见某人正做某事（强调正在发生）；see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事（强调目睹了整个过程）。例如：He could see (that) she had been crying. 他看得出她哭过。I saw her running out of the house. 我看见她正从屋里跑出来。I saw her put a box in her backpack.我看见她把一个盒子放进了背包。see表示其它跟“看”相关的含义，如“观看（比赛、电视、演出等）”：see a movie；“拜访，看望”：see my gra

18、ndparents；“会见，会晤”：see a doctor等等。see还可表示“理解，明白，领会”，可作不及物动词，也可接一般宾语或that/wh-从句。例如：“It opens like this.” “Oh, I see.” “这样就打开了。”“哦，我明白了。”Cant you see (that) hes taking advantage of you? 他在利用你，难道你看不出来？see和look的区别：词义上：look常表示主动地、有意识地“看”，侧重看的行为；see常指看的客观结果，即“看见”：She looked for him but couldnt see him in t

19、he crowd. 她在人群里找来找去，但没看见他。是否及物：look通常为不及物动词，若需接宾语，须用接介词at/for/after等；see两者皆可。例如：It was so dark I could hardly see (anything).太黑了，我几乎看不见（任何东西）。时态上：look可用于进行时态，而see作为感官动词表示“看见”时，一般不用于进行时态（例外：see表示“看望”、“会见”等含义时，也可用进行时）。例如：He is looking for his wallet. 他在找钱包。He is seeing an old friend.他在见一位老朋友。（不表示“看见”，

20、而是“会见”）（2019，江苏卷，单项填空）5. Seeing the new changes in her hometown, Nanjing, Sandy could believe her eyes. A. properlyB. highlyC. nearlyD. hardly11. seemv.似乎，好像用法：seem+形容词，或seem+有形容词修饰的名词：She seemed happy. 她似乎很开心。He seems a nice man. 他好像人不错。seem like+名词，或seem like+有形容词修饰的名词：They seem like sisters.她们看起来

21、就像姊妹般。He seems like a nice man. 他看上去像是个好人。其它常见结构：seem to do sth.似乎做某事；seems as if似乎；it seems (to sb.) (that)（对来说）好像：His story seems to be true. 他的故事好像是真的。It seemed as if he wanted us to leave他好像是要我们走。It seems to me you dont have much choice. 我觉得你没有多少选择的余地。词性转换：seemingly adv.看来似乎；表面上看来同义词：look/appear

22、 v.似乎，看来，好像（2019，江苏卷，词汇检测）41. He seems to have a _（第六）sense for knowing that his brother will win.12. sendv.送，邮寄；打发，派遣词形变化：过去式sent，过去分词sent关联词组：send mail发邮件；send a message/letter发信息/寄信；send out发送；派遣；send back送回用法：表示“送出，发出，寄出”，指邮政快递；send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.给某人奇（送）某物。例如：We sent Mom flowers (= se

23、nt flowers to Mom) for Mothers Day. 我们在母亲节给妈妈送去了一些花。表示“发出，发送”，指收音机或计算机的信息、电子信号等。例如：Radio signals were sent into deep space. 无线电信号被发送到深邃的太空。还可表示“派遣，打发”，常用于send sb. to sth.短语。例如：send sb. to prison/boarding school 把某人关进监狱；把某人送去寄宿学校（2019，浙江卷，阅读C）Many objects in the universe are invisible, but they send

24、radio waves.13. sensen.感觉；意识g关联词组：sense of direction方向感；sixth sense第六感，直觉；sense of humor幽默（感）；common sense常识；make sense有意义，讲得通用法：表示“感觉官能”，即视、听、嗅、味、触五觉。其后常接of。例如：Dogs have a strong sense of smell. 狗的嗅觉很灵敏。表示“感觉，意识”，相当于feeling，也可接介词of。例如：He felt an extreme sense of loss. 他感到及其失落。表示“意义，含义”，相当于meaning；i

25、n a sense从某种意义上说。例如：In a sense it doesnt matter any more. 从某种意义上说，这事已无关紧要了。词性转换：sensible adj.明智的；sensibility n.情感；敏感性（2019，江苏卷，词汇检测）41. He seems to have a _（第六）sense for knowing that his brother will win.14. separatev.使分开，使分离；adj.单独的，分开的动词用法：表示“把隔开，使分离”，常用于separate A from/and B。例如：A river separates

26、the small village from the big city.一条河把小村庄和大城市隔开了。表示“（把）分成不同部分”，常用于separate sth. into sth.。例如：The teacher separated the students into 4 different groups.老师把学生分成四个不同的小组。形容词用法：表示“独立的，分开的”，其后常接from。例如：Keep the fish separate from the other food. 把鱼和其他食品分开存放。词性转换：separately adv.单独地；separation n.分离，开开；se

27、parated adj.分开的，不在一起的近义词：divide v.划分：各个部分可以相同；separate则强调各个部分不同。（2019，江苏卷，词汇检测）38. Everyone should_（行动）now to separate rubbish into different groups.15. seriousadj.严重的；严肃的，认真的用法：表示“严重的”，指情况、问题、事故等。例如：The president was in serious trouble. 总统遇到大麻烦了。表示“严肃的，认真的”，指不开玩笑或不是假装的。其后常接about。例如：Is she serious a

28、bout giving up her job? 她要辞职是认真的吗？词性转换：seriously adv.认真地，严肃的；seriousness n.严重性；严肃，认真（2019，江苏卷，词汇检测）47. - I hear your grandpa has got an eye problem. Is it serious?- Yes. He cant see anything now. He has gone _.16. servev.端上（饭菜）；招待（顾客），服务关联词组：serve as充当，起的作用；serve the people为人民服务用法：表示“提供，端上（饭菜），伺候（某人

29、进餐），后面接食物饮料或某一餐：Breakfast is served until 9 a.m. 早餐供应到上午9点。表示“为（顾客）服务，接待”，一般指商店等。例如：There was only one girl serving customers. 只有一个女孩在接待顾客。词性转换：service n.服务；servant n.仆人，佣人（2019，山东卷，完形）After dinner, tea and fruit are usually served.17. setv.放置；安置；布置（背景，布景）；n.套，组，副；装备，设备词形变化：过去式set，过去分词set动词词组：set up

30、建立，树立；装配；set out出发；开始；陈列；set forth陈述，提出；出发；set off引爆；引起；出发，动身名词词组：a set of一套，一组，一副；complete/full set整套，全套；TV set电视机动词用法：表示“放置，放下”，相当于put/lay；set sth. down/aside把放下/放在一边。例如：The work set the box down carefully on the floor. 工人把箱子小心地放到地上。表示“确立，制定，确定”，例如set an example树立榜样；set a date/time (for sth.)（为）确定

31、日期或时间。例如：The government has still not set a date for the celebration. 政府仍未确定庆典的日期。表示“设置，调整”，如机器、钟表等。例如：Did you set the alarm? 你把闹钟设定好了吗？名词用法：作为计量单位，用a set of表示“一套，一副，一组”等：a set of tools一套工具表示“装置，设备”，尤其是电视机、收音机等电器装置。例如：Children spend so much time in front of the television set.孩子们在电视机前花的时间太多了。（2019，江

32、苏卷，单项填空）8. The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it 18 years ago.A. set upB.is set upC. was set upD. will be set up18. shakev.（使）摇动，震动 词形变化：过去式shook，过去分词shaken关联词组：shake hands with与握手；shake ones head摇头用法：表示“摇动，（使颤动）”，指上

33、下或左右地移动，后常接out of/off/from sth.。例如：She shook the sand out of her shoes. 她把鞋里的沙子抖掉。表示“（身体）发抖，颤抖”。例如：The little boys hand was shaking. 这小男孩的手在发抖。词性转换：shaky adj.摇晃的；不坚定的（2019年，湖北卷，阅读A）For the cable car may shake during the ride, please hold the handrail（扶手）firmly.19. shamen.遗憾的事；羞愧 关联词组：shame on you你太无

34、耻用法：表示“羞愧，羞耻”，是不可数名词：Hes brought shame on the whole family. 他使全家蒙羞。用its a shame/what a shame结构表示“真遗憾，多可惜啊”。也可以说its a shame to do sth.。例如：“Shes failed her test again.” “What a shame!” “她又没通过测验。”“真遗憾！”Its a shame to cover this beautiful table with a tablecloth. 把这么漂亮的桌子用桌布盖起来真是可惜。词性转换：shameful(ly) adj

35、.可耻的；shameless(ly) adj.无耻的（2019年，湖北卷，单项选择）35.Time past cannot be called back again.Yes. Wasting time is a_.A. pressure B. fairness C. choice D. shame20. shapen.形状，外形；v.使成型，塑造关联词组：take shape成形；体现；in the shape of以的形式；呈的形状；out of shape走样；in good shape处于很好的状态；body shape体型；round shape圆形 名词用法：表示“形状，外形”，指圆

36、形、正方形等。例如：The plants grow in every shape and size. 这些植物有各种形状，各种大小。表示“状况，情况”，指健康，状态等。keep/stay in shape保持健康/状态。例如：Shes bought an exercise bike to keep in shape. 她买了辆健身单车来锻炼身体。动词用法：表示本意，“使成形”，shape sth. into sth.使成为形状。例如：Shape the dough into small balls. 把面团搓成小圆球。引申义，“行成（某种信仰，看法），影响（事物的发展等）。例如：His ideas were shaped by his experiences during the war. 他的思想深受战时经历的影响。词性转换：shapeless adj.不成形的，不定形的近义词：form n.形式（2019年，浙江卷，阅