人教版英语--主语从句课件

1、u4 主语从句,1,一、主语从句的定义 二、引导主语从句的关联词 三、主语从句三要素 四、主语从句的注意问题 五、练习,2,related conception (相关概念,1.名词,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词,2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分,名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语,te boy is li ming,主语,表语,mr. liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us english,主语,同位语,宾语,3,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句,什么是名词性从句,名词性从句

2、,主语从句 ( the subject clause,宾语从句 ( the object clause,表语从句 ( the predicative clause,同位语从句 ( the appositive clause,4,grammar,3. to find your way can be a problem,what part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence,2. smoking is bad for you,1. you are a student,4. “how do you do?” is a greeting

3、,5 .what she said is not yet known,6. that we shall be late is certain,7. it is certain that we shall be late,subject,a sentence serving as subject is called subject clause.主语从句,5,主语从句,充当主语的句子叫主语从句 how the book will sell depends on its author. that he is the best student in the class is obvious,6,ho

4、w you got me blind is still a mystery. that she won the game made her very happy. what he said is not true. what they need is a dictionary,结论 主语从句多位于_,句首主语的位置,try to draw a conclusion,7,who will go makes no difference. which is the best is not certain. why dinosaurs died out is still unknown. when w

5、e will get together has not been decided. how she can keep healthy is a secret. whether he will come is not very important,who will go,which is the best,why dinosaurs died out,when we will get together,how she can keep healthy,whether he will come,找出主语从句,8,引导主语从句的关联词有三类：1) 从属连词that 如: that they were

6、 true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显, 她们确是亲姐妹, 她们的脸型很相似。 note: that 不可省，无意义，起连接作用；从句结构完整。 2)从属连词whetherwhether hell come here isnt clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。 3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 what she did is not y

7、et known.她干了什么尚不清楚。how this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的, 谁也不清楚。whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎,9,4)有时用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置, 这样做是为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用句型如下： it+ be +名词+ that 从句 it+ be + 形容词+ that从句 it+ be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句 it+ be + 不及物动词+ that从句,10,由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把

8、从句放在后面。 例如,1. that he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible. _ _ 2.that they should like each other is natural. _,it为形式主语,it is natural that they should like each other,it is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice,11,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) it is + n. +从句 it is a pity/shame that. 遗憾

9、的是 it is a surprise that令人惊奇的是 it is a fact that 是事实 it is common knowledge that 是常识 *_(很遗憾)we lost the match. *_(这是事实)he cheated in the exam,it is a pity that,it is a fact that,12,2) it is + adj. +从句 its certain that 肯定 it is possible that. 很可能 it is unlikely that. 不可能 it is obvious that 很明显 it is

10、necessary important natural. that *_(很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *_(很明显)this measure is effective,(should) +do,it is possible that,it is obvious that,13,3) it + be +过去分词+从句 it is said that. 据说 it is known to all that. 众所周知 it is reported that. 据报道 it is believed that.据信;人们相信 it is suggested tha

11、t + (should）do. 建议 it must be admitted that必须承认 it cannot be denied that 不可否认 it must be pointed out that需指出的是 *_(据报道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise,it is reported that,it is suggested that,14,4) it +不及物动词+从句 it happened that. 碰巧 it occ

12、urred to me that 我突然想起 it appears that 似乎 *_(刚好)i came into the office at that time. *_(我突然想起)i forget to send the letter,it happened that,it occurred to me that,15,主语从句三要素,he became a great scientist is known to us all,what you told me is true,how,从句用陈述语序 谓语动词一般用单数 不能省略关联词,16,主语从句的注意问题,1.一个句子作主语时，主

13、句的谓语动词应为单数。 whether he will come depends on the weather. 2. what 引导的句子作主语时，谓语动词的数由句子的内容决定（即由表语决定)。 what i want is money. what we need are good books what he said is reasonable. what we will do hasnt been decided,17,3. where he was born and where he lives now are not clear. eg:where and when he was b

14、orn remains a secret. 注意：两个或两个以上的主从联合做主语，主句谓语动词应为复数。 两个或两个以上的连词引导一个从句，主句谓语动词应为单数。 4. whether he will come isnt clear.(不能换成if) eg:it isnt clear whether /if he will come . (可以与if进行替换,注意：如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导,18,5.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当 句子成分, 如主语、宾语、表语

15、, 而that 则不然。 1) what you said yesterday is right. 2) that she is still alive is a consolation,that虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略,19,3) that more and more students are admitted into universities is true. 译为：_ _ (4) what is needed for the program is more wisdom. 译为：_,这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧,越来越多的学生将被大学录取的消息是真实的,20,从上面例句

16、可以看出，that引导主语从句时，在句中具有“两不”原则： 一、不作句子成分； 二、没有实际意义。 当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略； 如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，that可以省略。 而what引导的从句则恰恰相反，what在从句中的作用为： 一、作句子成分； 二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还要承担具体的意义,21,_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. a. that b. why c. what d. how,2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on t

17、he weather . a. if b .whether c .that d. where,3._ is known to us all is that america is a developed country. a. which b. as c. what d. it,22,4. its known to us all _ a form of energy . a. water is b. that water is c. is water d. that water to 5. it worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. a.

18、whether b. that c. what d. when 6.what i say and think _ none of your business. a. is b. are c. has d have,23,7. _makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. a what b who c whatever d whoever,24,6. whatever and whoever,whatever=anything that whoever=anyone who 不管是谁犯了法, 他都应该受到

19、惩罚。 whoever breaks the law should be punished.=anyone who breaks the law should be punished,25,4. these wild flowers are so special that i would do_ i can to save them. a whatever b that c which d whichever,26,7. 用于it is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“shoul

20、d + 动词原形”的形式, should有时有感情色彩。 it be suggested/ advised/ ordered/requested that sb (should) do sth,27,常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。 1. light travels faster than sound is common knowledge. 2. if shes coming or not doesnt matter much,that,that虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略,whether,if, whether都可表示“是否”, 但if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句,28,3. that the professor said is of great importance. 4. where will the trees be planted has not been decided,what,that引导主语从句时无词义。what the professor said表示“教授所说的,将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序,29,5. no matter who breaks the rule will be punished. 6. when an