《恶魔城苍月十字架》全攻略

1、2012年职称英语等级考试理工类完型填空新增文章（一）考查重点1、词汇题：1）名词同义词或反义词辨析，拼写和语义相似的名词的辨析，以及词语搭配； 2）动词惯用搭配，时态，虚拟语气；3）形容词形容词辨析，作定语和表语的形容词，形容词固定搭配，比较级和最高级；4）副词方式，程度，频度，地点副词等；5）介词单个介词的使用和词组搭配。2、固定搭配题：1）名词短语搭配2）动词短语结构3）介词短语搭配4）成语俗语搭配5）篇章衔接搭配3、语法结构题：1）代词（人称，指示）、冠词、介词、连词；2）时态：两时两体 + 将来的各种表达；3）语态：主被动；4）语气：虚拟；5）从句：定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句；6

2、）特殊句式：强调句、倒装句、存在句等；7）非限定结构：不定式、分词结构、动名词。4、语篇题：1）理解段落和通篇文章的含义。上下文的语意衔接，时空顺序，逻辑连接，观点态度考察。2）文章内在的逻辑关系。注意表达各种不同逻辑关系的连词。常见逻辑关系：并列、递进、列举、补充、让步、转折、条件、对比、结果、原因、目的等。重点关注（一）词汇辨析1、形近词辨析2、义近词辨析（二）结构辨析1、固定结构辨析2、固定搭配辨析3、平行结构辨析（三）语法辨析1、时态2、语态3、语气4、句法（特殊句型、主谓一致、从句等）（四）利用上下文1、根据上下文选择词汇2、根据上下文选择篇章逻辑关系（五）复指手段 1、反复出现的词

3、汇和结构2、代词的指代作用（六）排除技巧应用1、通读全文，抓住大意1) 做题前，至少先花2-3分钟将短文仔细通读一篇，必要时两遍。2) 初步理清短文在结构、内容等方面的脉络，了解短文的大意和句子与句子之间意思上的联系，理解全文内容。3) 同时对全文的语言表达方式，比如文章使用的时态、语态、措辞与口气等方面得出大致印象，为顺利找出“语境线索”，作出正确的选择作好准备。2、初选答案在阅读全篇的基础上，判断每个空所缺的词的语言形式，如词类、搭配、时态、语态；并判断该词应具有的符合文章上下文的词义。3、寻找语境线索1) 反复阅读空白处前后若干句，结合可能性较大的选择在短文中寻找语境线索。2) 每个选择

4、项的确定有时需要二、三个（甚至更多的）“语境线索”才能最后确定正确的选择项。3) 仔细琢磨各词义之间的差异，尤其要注意，根据上下文内容作出最合乎逻辑的正确判断。4、寻找结构线索1) 考查内容主要包括句子中的功能结构词、固定搭配词和句型结构词。2) 判断选项是否符合该句或上下文要求，词组搭配的要求，句型或者语法的要求，是否有提示词的暗示。3) 固定搭配、习惯用法比较简单，然后再过渡到考核语法知识和根据上下文选择词义的题目。最后做全局性理解的题目，这类题目具有一定的难度。5、确定使用排除法1）可首先排除一眼就觉得错误的选项，然后把精力放在较难进行取舍的选项上。2）把每一个选项都放回到原文分析，逐一

5、排除错误答案和可能性较小的选项。3）具体答题的时候还需要注意词性的选择、词组的搭配、句子之间的关系以及段落中的语意连贯等。6、篇章逻辑衔接，语意贯通：1）在确定选择项时，一定要照顾空白处前后的“左邻右舍”，上下文必须意思连贯。2）避免填进的词或词组与上下文不合拍，不合逻辑，或自相矛盾，前后不能“自圆其说”。7、回头补缺：1）确立所有选择后，通读短文一、二遍，检查每个选项在整篇短文中是否合拍，内容结构是否完整，逻辑是否正确。2）万一有些选择出现了意思上或逻辑上的一些问题，这说明这些选择项有误，必须根据上下文的意思重新选择，一直到满意为止。8、核实答案：“完形填空”分配的时间只有15分钟，不能无限

6、制地花费宝贵时间，否则就得占用其他考试项目的时间。因此，抓紧时间，有条不紊地、一步一个脚印地选择是至关重要的。最后确认中心思想。2012年职称英语等级考试用书 理工A完形填空部分新增加的文章第十三篇Solar Power without Solar Cells没有太阳能电池的太阳能A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor

7、-based solar cells 半导体太阳能电池.The researchers found a way to make an “optical 1 D battery , 光电池 said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics.Light has electric and magnetic components. Until now, scientists thought the 2

8、B effects of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger

9、than 3 C previously expected. 4 A Under these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect. “This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation 吸入电荷分离,” Rand said. “In solar cells, the

10、5 A light goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load 热负荷. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment. Intense magnetization can be induced 诱导 by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a ca

11、pacitive power 6 C source . “What makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of “optical rectification光学矫正的电光,” says William Fisher, a doctoral student in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification 光学矫正, lights electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling 7 D apart of

12、 the positive and negative charges in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to 8 B that in a battery. Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials, the lights magnetic field can also create optical rectification. The light must be shone through a 9 A

13、 material that does not 10 D conduct electricity, such as glass. And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter. Sunlight isnt this intense on its own, but new materials are being sought that would work at lower intensities, Fisher said.In our most recent paper, we

14、show that incoherent light like sunlight is theoretically almost as 11 C effective in producing charge separation as laser light is, Fisher saidThis new 12 C technique could make solar power cheaper, the researchers say. They predict that with improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficie

15、ncy in 13 A converting solar power to useable energy. Thats equivalent to todays commercial-grade solar cells. “To manufacture 14 B modern solar cells, you have to do extensive semiconductor processing,” Fisher said. “All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it. Glass wor

16、ks for 15 D both . Its already made in bulk, and it doesnt require as much processing. Transparent ceramics 陶瓷 might be even better.”2012年职称英语等级考试用书 理工B完形填空部分新增加的文章第十五篇 “Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage “液化”是日本地震破坏的关键The massive subduction zone俯冲带earthquake in Japan caused a s

17、ignificant level of soil “liquefaction”土壤液化 that has surprised researchers with its 1 D.widespread severity, a new analysis shows.“Weve seen localized小范围的 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 2 C. extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe,” said Scott A

18、shford, a professor of geotechnical engineering 岩土工程 at Oregon State University俄勒冈州立大学. “Entire structures were tilted 倾斜 and sinking into the sediments 沉淀物,” Ashford said. “The shifts 断层 in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines 煤气管道, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communit

19、ies need to 3 Afunction . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. Its a phenomenon in which soils soaked 浸满 with water, particularly recent sediments 沉积 or sand, can lose much of their 4 B. strength and flow during

20、 an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 5 C. collapse .But most earthquakes are much 6 Ashorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage po

21、ssibly occurring in situations such as this.“With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 7 C. how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt 倾斜 as the shaking continued for several more minutes, he said. And it was clear that younger sediments, and especial

22、ly areas built on 8 D.recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable.”The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 9 B. phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical fo

23、r the team to collect the information quickly, 10 D. before damage was removed in the recovery efforts 重建工作.“Theres no doubt that well learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar 11 C. events ,” Ashford said. “Future construction in some places may mak

24、e more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction 压紧 to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.“Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction - on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground.

25、 The young sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 12 B. deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 13 Anear a river and old flood plains is a suspect 被怀疑对象, and th

26、e Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 14percent of them have been reinforced to 14 Aprevent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 15 D. stan

27、dards helped prevent many buildings from collapse - even as they tilted and sank into the ground.2012年职称英语等级考试 理工类完型填空新增文章（二）考查重点1、词汇题：1）名词同义词或反义词辨析，拼写和语义相似的名词的辨析，以及词语搭配； 2）动词惯用搭配，时态，虚拟语气；3）形容词形容词辨析，作定语和表语的形容词，形容词固定搭配，比较级和最高级；4）副词方式，程度，频度，地点副词等；5）介词单个介词的使用和词组搭配。2、固定搭配题：1）名词短语搭配2）动词短语结构3）介词短语搭配4）成语俗语

28、搭配5）篇章衔接搭配3、语法结构题：1）代词（人称，指示）、冠词、介词、连词；2）时态：两时两体 + 将来的各种表达；3）语态：主被动；4）语气：虚拟；5）从句：定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句；6）特殊句式：强调句、倒装句、存在句等；7）非限定结构：不定式、分词结构、动名词。4、语篇题：1）理解段落和通篇文章的含义。上下文的语意衔接，时空顺序，逻辑连接，观点态度考察。2）文章内在的逻辑关系。注意表达各种不同逻辑关系的连词。常见逻辑关系：并列、递进、列举、补充、让步、转折、条件、对比、结果、原因、目的等。重点关注（一）词汇辨析1、形近词辨析2、义近词辨析（二）结构辨析1、固定结构辨析2、固定搭配

29、辨析3、平行结构辨析（三）语法辨析1、时态2、语态3、语气4、句法（特殊句型、主谓一致、从句等）（四）利用上下文1、根据上下文选择词汇2、根据上下文选择篇章逻辑关系（五）复指手段 1、反复出现的词汇和结构2、代词的指代作用（六）排除技巧应用1、通读全文，抓住大意1) 做题前，至少先花2-3分钟将短文仔细通读一篇，必要时两遍。2) 初步理清短文在结构、内容等方面的脉络，了解短文的大意和句子与句子之间意思上的联系，理解全文内容。3) 同时对全文的语言表达方式，比如文章使用的时态、语态、措辞与口气等方面得出大致印象，为顺利找出“语境线索”，作出正确的选择作好准备。2、初选答案在阅读全篇的基础上，判断

30、每个空所缺的词的语言形式，如词类、搭配、时态、语态；并判断该词应具有的符合文章上下文的词义。3、寻找语境线索1) 反复阅读空白处前后若干句，结合可能性较大的选择在短文中寻找语境线索。2) 每个选择项的确定有时需要二、三个（甚至更多的）“语境线索”才能最后确定正确的选择项。3) 仔细琢磨各词义之间的差异，尤其要注意，根据上下文内容作出最合乎逻辑的正确判断。4、寻找结构线索1) 考查内容主要包括句子中的功能结构词、固定搭配词和句型结构词。2) 判断选项是否符合该句或上下文要求，词组搭配的要求，句型或者语法的要求，是否有提示词的暗示。3) 固定搭配、习惯用法比较简单，然后再过渡到考核语法知识和根据上

31、下文选择词义的题目。最后做全局性理解的题目，这类题目具有一定的难度。5、确定使用排除法1）可首先排除一眼就觉得错误的选项，然后把精力放在较难进行取舍的选项上。2）把每一个选项都放回到原文分析，逐一排除错误答案和可能性较小的选项。3）具体答题的时候还需要注意词性的选择、词组的搭配、句子之间的关系以及段落中的语意连贯等。6、篇章逻辑衔接，语意贯通：1）在确定选择项时，一定要照顾空白处前后的“左邻右舍”，上下文必须意思连贯。2）避免填进的词或词组与上下文不合拍，不合逻辑，或自相矛盾，前后不能“自圆其说”。7、回头补缺：1）确立所有选择后，通读短文一、二遍，检查每个选项在整篇短文中是否合拍，内容结构是

32、否完整，逻辑是否正确。2）万一有些选择出现了意思上或逻辑上的一些问题，这说明这些选择项有误，必须根据上下文的意思重新选择，一直到满意为止。8、核实答案：“完形填空”分配的时间只有15分钟，不能无限制地花费宝贵时间，否则就得占用其他考试项目的时间。因此，抓紧时间，有条不紊地、一步一个脚印地选择是至关重要的。最后确认中心思想。2012年职称英语等级考试用书 理工B完形填空部分新增加的文章第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险A new examination of urban policie

33、s has been 1 C carried out recently by Patricia Romero LankaoShe is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 D urban developmentShe warns that many of the worlds fast-growing urban areas,especially in developing countries，will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate Her work als

34、o concludes that most cities are failing to 3 A reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 B gases . These gases are known to affect the atmosphere.“Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. “But too few

35、cities are developing effective strategies to 5 C protect their residents.”Cities are 6 D major sources of greenhouse gasesAnd urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankaos findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vuln

36、erable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 D benefitsThe locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential 8 A threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonge

37、d hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 9 B heavily paved cities more than surrounding areasThe impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environmentFor example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，cau

38、sing widespread health problemsPoorer neighborhoods that may 10 C lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disastersMany residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11 A without access to reliable drinking water，

39、roads and basic services. Local governments, 12 B therefore , should take measures to protect their residents. “Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 13 D rather than meaningful responses,” Romero Lankao writes. “They dont impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air co

40、nditioning needs. They dont emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 B automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands-off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their 15 A idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.2012年职称英语等级

41、考试用书 理工B完形填空部分新增加的文章第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险Fast food outlets could provide statin 降胆固醇药物 drugs free of 1 B charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London 2 C suggest in a n

42、ew studyStatins reduce the 3 B amount of unhealthy “LDL” cholesterol 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a persons heart attack 4 D risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology美国心脏病学杂志，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues

43、calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5 B enough to offset 抵消the increase in heart attack risk from 6 C eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshakeDr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the st

44、udy, said: “Statins dont cut out all of the 7 A unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French friesIts better to avoid fatty food altogetherBut weve worked out that in terms of your 8 D possibility of having a heart attack, taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9 A degree as

45、a fast food meal increases it.” “Its ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments 调味品 in fast food outlets as they 10 D like , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the un

46、healthy condiments调味品 that are 11 B provided free of chargeIt would cost less than 5 pence per 12 C customer - not much different to a sachet小包 of sugar.” Dr Francis saidWhen people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, theyre encouraged to take 13 A measures that lower their risk, lik

47、e 14 B wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of 15 C lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal2012年职称英语等级考试 理工类完型填空新增文章（三）考查重点1、词汇题：1）名词同义词或反义词辨析，拼写和语义相似的名词的辨析，以及词语搭配； 2）动词惯用搭配，时态，虚拟语气；3）形容词形容词辨析，作定语和表语的形容词，形容词固定搭配，比较级和最高级；4）副词方式，程度，频度，地点副词

48、等；5）介词单个介词的使用和词组搭配。2、固定搭配题：1）名词短语搭配2）动词短语结构3）介词短语搭配4）成语俗语搭配5）篇章衔接搭配3、语法结构题：1）代词（人称，指示）、冠词、介词、连词；2）时态：两时两体 + 将来的各种表达；两时：过去时、现在时；两体：完成体、进行体3）语态：主被动；4）语气：虚拟；5）从句：定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句；6）特殊句式：强调句、倒装句、存在句等；7）非限定结构：不定式、分词结构、动名词。4、语篇题：1）理解段落和通篇文章的含义。上下文的语意衔接，时空顺序，逻辑连接，观点态度考察。2）文章内在的逻辑关系。注意表达各种不同逻辑关系的连词。常见逻辑关系：并列

49、、递进、列举、补充、让步、转折、条件、对比、结果、原因、目的等。重点关注（一）词汇辨析1、形近词辨析2、义近词辨析（二）结构辨析1、固定结构辨析2、固定搭配辨析3、平行结构辨析（三）语法辨析1、时态2、语态3、语气4、句法（特殊句型、主谓一致、从句等）（四）利用上下文1、根据上下文选择词汇2、根据上下文选择篇章逻辑关系(五）复指手段 1、反复出现的词汇和结构2、代词的指代作用（六）排除技巧应用1、通读全文，抓住大意1) 做题前，至少先花2-3分钟将短文仔细通读一篇，必要时两遍。2) 初步理清短文在结构、内容等方面的脉络，了解短文的大意和句子与句子之间意思上的联系，理解全文内容。3) 同时对全文

50、的语言表达方式，比如文章使用的时态、语态、措辞与口气等方面得出大致印象，为顺利找出“语境线索”，作出正确的选择作好准备。2、初选答案在阅读全篇的基础上，判断每个空所缺的词的语言形式，如词类、搭配、时态、语态；并判断该词应具有的符合文章上下文的词义。3、寻找语境线索1) 反复阅读空白处前后若干句，结合可能性较大的选择在短文中寻找语境线索。2) 每个选择项的确定有时需要二、三个（甚至更多的）“语境线索”才能最后确定正确的选择项。3) 仔细琢磨各词义之间的差异，尤其要注意，根据上下文内容作出最合乎逻辑的正确判断。4、寻找结构线索1) 考查内容主要包括句子中的功能结构词、固定搭配词和句型结构词。2)

51、判断选项是否符合该句或上下文要求，词组搭配的要求，句型或者语法的要求，是否有提示词的暗示。3) 固定搭配、习惯用法比较简单，然后再过渡到考核语法知识和根据上下文选择词义的题目。最后做全局性理解的题目，这类题目具有一定的难度。5、确定使用排除法1）可首先排除一眼就觉得错误的选项，然后把精力放在较难进行取舍的选项上。2）把每一个选项都放回到原文分析，逐一排除错误答案和可能性较小的选项。3）具体答题的时候还需要注意词性的选择、词组的搭配、句子之间的关系以及段落中的语意连贯等。6、篇章逻辑衔接，语意贯通：1）在确定选择项时，一定要照顾空白处前后的“左邻右舍”，上下文必须意思连贯。2）避免填进的词或词组

52、与上下文不合拍，不合逻辑，或自相矛盾，前后不能“自圆其说”。7、回头补缺：1）确立所有选择后，通读短文一、二遍，检查每个选项在整篇短文中是否合拍，内容结构是否完整，逻辑是否正确。2）万一有些选择出现了意思上或逻辑上的一些问题，这说明这些选择项有误，必须根据上下文的意思重新选择，一直到满意为止。8、核实答案：“完形填空”分配的时间只有15分钟，不能无限制地花费宝贵时间，否则就得占用其他考试项目的时间。因此，抓紧时间，有条不紊地、一步一个脚印地选择是至关重要的。最后确认中心思想。2012年职称英语等级考试用书 理工C完形填空部分新增加的文章第三篇Germs on Banknotes纸币上的病菌People in different countries use different types of (1) B money: yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use (2) A different currencies, but t