《翻译常用技巧》PPT课件.ppt

1、Translation Techniques,Contents,Diction Amplification Omission Conversion Restructuring Passive Voice Affirmative conference a ready man, and writing an exact man. We wont retreat , we never have and never will. Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. Their host carved, poured, served, c

2、ut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health,吃饭防噎，走路防跌。 送君千里，终有一别。 天气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。 他们患得患失，拒绝接受分配给他们的任务,读书使人充实，讨论使人敏锐，写作使人精确。 我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不会后退。 海洋与其说是分隔了世界，不如说是连接了整个世界。 热情的主人又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包，谈啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙个不停,While eating, take heed that you do not choke; while walking, take heed that you do

3、not fall. Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last. With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one itll rain presently. Swayed by considerations of gain and loss, they refused to accept the jobs assigned to them,back,Omission 省略法,Omission in E-C translati

4、on Omission in C-E translation Exercises,BACK,I. Omission in E-C Translation,The time-keeping devices of electronic watches are much more accurate than those of mechanical ones. 电子表比机械表准确得多,Example,It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. 自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致。（省强调句中的it）

5、 One must make painstaking efforts before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language. 掌握一门外语，非下苦功夫不可。（省代词） A soldier must obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。（省冠词,1.Omission of the pronoun,He put his hands into his pocket and shrugged his shoulders. 他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩,2.Omission of the Article,Any substance i

6、s made of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid or a gas. 任何物质，不论是固体，液体或气体，都由原子组成,3.Omission of the preposition,Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所，禁止吸烟。 The difference between the two machines consists in power. 这两台机器的差别在于功率不同,4.Omission of the conjunction,He looked gloomy and troubled. 他看

7、上去有些忧愁不安。 If I had known it, I would not have joined in it. 早知如此，我就不参加了,5.Omission of the Verb,When the pressure gets low,the boiling point becomes low. 气压低，沸点就低。 Solids expand and contract as liquids and gases do. 同液体和气体一样，固体也能膨胀和收缩,6.Omission of the Impersonal Pronoun “It,Outside it was pitch dark

8、 and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。 It was not until the middle of 19th century that the blast furnace came into use. 直到19世纪中叶，高炉才开始使用,back,II. Omission in C E Translation,Omission in C-E translation is generally employed in three circumstances,redundant words in original Chinese, such a

9、s unnecessary repetition and wordy expressions; the original meaning that has already been implied in the context of English version; the original meaning obviously shown in the English version without further elaboration,1.Omission of Redundant Words,我已经提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成了交给他的工作。 I have fulfilled m

10、y assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he,2.Omission of Words of Conceptual Category,这些都是人民内部矛盾问题。 All these are contradictions among the people. 多年来那个国家有严重的失业现象. For many years there has been serious unemployment in that country,3.Omission of Meticulous Description,花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸

11、缎，花不完的金银财宝。 The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent,back,Exercises,These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population abound in natural resources. Never trouble yourself with trouble till tr

12、ouble troubles you. 他把事情一五一十的都给父母讲了。 这些新型汽车速度快，效率高、行动灵活,这些发展中国家都地大物博，人口众多。 不要自寻麻烦。 He told his parents the whole story as it exactly happened. The newly produced car is fast, efficient and handy,back,Conversion转换法,Definition Conversion in E-C Translation Conversion in C-E Translation Exercises,BACK,

13、Conversion, one of the commonly adopted translation techniques, means the change of part of speech in translation,I. Definition,back,This watch never varies more than a second in a month. 这块表一个月的误差从不超过一秒钟。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 Careful compar

14、ison of them will show you the difference. 只要仔细把它们比较一下，你就会发现不同之处,II.Conversion in E-C translation,Generally speaking, conversion of parts of speech in E-C translation take the following forms: 1.Conversion into Verbs2. Conversion into Nouns3. Conversion into Adjectives4. Conversion into Adverbs,1. C

15、onversion into Verbs 1) Nouns Converted Into Verbs,I think my little sister is a better teacher than I. 我的小妹妹比我教得好,2) Prepositions Converted Into Verbs,Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是黯淡的油灯,3) Adjectives Converted Into Ve

16、rbs,You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying. 你完全不懂你在婚姻方面应承担的责任,2. Conversion into Nouns,1） Verbs Converted Into Nouns Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear. 这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。 To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来，他就是绝对权利的化身,2）A

17、djectives Converted Into Nouns,I wish he was blind 我希望他是个瞎子,3.Conversion into Adjectives,1） Nouns Converted Into Adjectives Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 学习中独立思考是绝对必须的。 This experiment was a success. 这个实验很成功,2） Adverbs Converted Into Adjectives and Nouns,The pressure inside

18、 equals the pressure outside. 内部的压力和外部的压力相等,4.Conversion into Adverbs,1）Adjectives Converted Into Adverbs Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials. 只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们,2） Nouns and Verbs Converted Into Adverbs,I have the honor to inform you that your request is gr

19、anted. 我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准,back,III. Conversion in C-E translation,Verbs Converted Into Other Parts of Speech 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。 Xu Beihongs drawings of horses are exceptionally good. 绝对不许违反这个原则。 No violation of this principle can be tolerated,Conversions Between Other Parts of Speech 该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。 Th

20、e products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability. 采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。 The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products,back,IV. Exercises,With the passage of time, my admiration for him grew more. My audience varied

21、 from tens to thousands. There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country. The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing. 他们一不会做工，二不会种地，三不会打仗。 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量,With the passage of time, my admiration for him grew more. 随着时间的流逝，我对他越来越敬慕。 My audie

22、nce varied from tens to thousands. 我的听众少则数十人，多则上千人。 There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country. 目前我国各地对各种消费品的需求已大大增加,The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing. 小偷颤抖着交代了自己干的坏事。 他们一不会做工，二不会种地，三不会打仗。 They dont know a thing about factory

23、work, nor about farm work; nor about military affairs. 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。 In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products,back,Restructuring,Definition Different Word Order in English and Chinese Restructuring in E-C Translation Restructuring in C-E Translation Exercises,BA

24、CK,I.Definition,As one of the translation techniques, restructuring means the necessary or inevitable change of word order in a sentence according to the usage of the language to be translated into. It is also called rearrangement or inversion,BACK,II.Different Word Order in English and Chinese,Most

25、 of the information we got is through that channel. 我们得到的大部分消息是通过那个渠道获得的。(Different order of the attributive phrases and clauses) His address is 3621 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA. 19104, U.S.A. 他的地址是美国宾夕法利亚州费城市场街3612 号。邮政编码19140。(Different order of the sequence of events,My uncle passed away in h

26、ospital at 2.30 a.m. on September 12,1999. 我的伯父于1999年12月凌晨2点30分在医院逝世。(different order of the adverbials of time,BACK,III.Restructuring in E-C Translation,1. Different Sequences in Customary Word Combinations heart- warming 暖人心的 tough-minded 意志坚定的 the iron and steel industry 钢铁工业 food, clothing, shel

27、ter and transportation 衣、食、住、行 every means possible 一切可能的手段 rain or shine 无论晴雨,2. Different Sequences in Customary Sentence Arrangement He had to quit the position and went into exile, having been deprived of power. 他被剥夺了权利之后， 只好离职，流落他乡。 Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already

28、 been suspected: there is a “high temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with its center roughly thirty miles above the ground. 人们早就怀疑大气层中有一个“高温带”其中心在距地面大约30英里高的地方。利用火箭加以研究以后，这一奇异的事实已得到了证实,3.Subordinate Clauses in a Complex Sentence The government is determined to keep up pressure whatever the cost it

29、 will pay in the end. 不论最终将付出什么代价，政府决心继续施加压力。 No matter how hard he tried, he failed at last. 不管他怎样努力，最后还是没有成功,4.Cases Involving Adverbials They, not unexpectedly, did not respond. 他们没有答复，这完全是意料之中的事。 Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution. 她满以为会有奇迹般的解决办法，这显然不合情理,5. “That” Clause

30、 Used as a Judgment or Conclusion It is not surprising that, when humidity is low, the water evaporates rapidly from the fruit. 在大气湿度低的情况下，水果里的水份蒸发就快，这是不足为奇的。 It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit I had intended to pay to China in January. 我原打算在今年1月访问中国，后来我又不得不予以推迟，这使我深感失望,IV

31、. Restructuring in C-E Translation,社会主义的现代化强国 a modern, powerful socialist country. 一位美国现代优秀作家 an outstanding contemporary American writer,各条战线上的先进工作者们 advanced workers from various fronts 这是能想象得出的最好解决办法。 This is the best solution imaginable. 他真是一个活雷锋。 He is indeed a Lei Feng alive,BACK,VI.Exercises

32、,1. This tea party was given by Mr. Smith, senior correspondent of The Times, London. 2. He would be a rash man who should venture to defy world public opinion and act arbitrarily. 3. I believe strongly that it is in the interests of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic m

33、ember of the European community,4. 直到昨天我才知道他住院了。 5. 他穿过马路时，左顾右盼，害怕撞到过路的车子上。 6. 我们的部队水陆并进，及时抵达前线,This tea party was given by Mr. Smith, senior correspondent of The Times, London. 这个茶会是由伦敦泰晤士报的高级记者史密斯先生举办的。 He would be a rash man who should venture to defy world public opinion and act arbitrarily. 如果有

34、人敢于公然藐视世界公众舆论而一意孤行，那他一定是个鲁莽之徒,I believe strongly that it is in the interests of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European community. 我强烈地认为，英国应该继续是欧洲共同体中一个积极而充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的,直到昨天我才知道他住院了。 I didnt know that he was hospitalized until yesterday. 他穿过马路时，

35、左顾右盼，害怕撞到过路的车子上。 While crossing the street, he looked right and left, afraid that he might run into some passing car. 我们的部队水陆并进，及时抵达前线。 Our troops advanced by both land and water, and arrived at the front in time,Passive Voice no objection had been made to her conduct. She had been forbidden to appe

36、al her mistress. It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books, and to bear in the mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in t

37、he future be strictly enforced,很抱歉，因为雨太大，参观博物馆得推迟到明天了。 老太太被风吹病了,Key to Exercises,She told me that her master had dismissed her. No reason had been given; no objection had been made to her conduct. She had been forbidden to appeal her mistress. 她告诉我，她的男主人已解雇了她。男主人没有讲明任何理由，对她的行为没有任何异议，也不许她向女主人申诉,It ha

38、s been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books, and to bear in the mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly

39、enforced. 近来已注意到本馆存书正在惊人地减少，此事令人关切。现要求学生不要忘记借书还书规则，并考虑其他学生的需要。今后凡借书逾期不还者，必将严格按章处罚,很抱歉，因为雨太大，参观博物馆得推迟到明天了。 Im very sorry to say the visit to the museum has to be put off till tomorrow because of the heavy rain. 老太太被风吹病了。 The old lady fell ill because of the draught,Affirmative vs. Negative,Negation i

40、n E-C Translation Negation in C- E Translation Exercises,BACK,I.Negation in E-C Translation,A.Categories of English negative words and expressions 1) Full negatives: no, not, none, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere, neither, nor 2) Partial negatives: hardly, scarcely, seldom, barely, few, little, etc,

41、3) Partial negatives: not every; not all, not both, not much, not many, not always, etc. 4) Words with negative implication: fail, without, beyond, until, lest, ignorant, refuse, neglect, absence, instead of, etc,1. Affirmative in E, but Negative in C,Such a chance was denied (to) me. 我没有得到这样一个机会。 I

42、 have read your article. I expect to meet an older man. 拜读了你的大作，没想到你这样年轻。 It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签定这个合同。 The criminal is still at large. 罪犯还未捉拿归案,B.Cases of negation in E-C translation,2.Negative in E, Affirmative in C,The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated expl

43、anation. 虽经他一再解释，疑团依然存在。 He carelessly glanced through the note and got away. 他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。 All the article are untouchable in the museum. 博物馆内，一切展品禁止触摸。 Dont lose time in posting the letter. 赶快把着封信寄出去,3.Double Negative for Emphasis,There is no rule that has no exception. 任何规则都有例外。 There is not

44、any advantage without any disadvantage. 有一利必有一弊。 I am not reluctant to accept your proposal. 你的建议我愿意接受。 Its significance and importance can never overemphasized. 它的意义和重要性，不管怎样强调也不过分,4.Roundabout Affirmative,There is an indirect way of expressing a strong affirmative, and when translated into Chinese

45、 , the emotion of the original should be properly kept. He didnt half like the girl. 他非常喜欢那姑娘。 I couldnt feel better. 我觉得身体好极了。 I couldnt agree with you more. 我太赞成你的看法了,5. Some Traps in negative structures,1) cannot too,You cannot be too careful in proofreading. 校对时，越仔细越好。 I shall never be able to s

46、tress too much for your kindness. 不管我怎么感谢你，都不足以报恩于万一,2) not because,The engine didnt stop because the fuel was finished. 引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转的。 In that city we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. 我们在那座城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受到歧视。 This version is not placed first because it is simple. 此方案并不是因为简单

47、而放在首位的,3)all not,All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不一定都是金子。 All cities did not look like as they do today. 在过去，城市并不都像今天这样，个个千篇一律,4)bothnot,But you see, we both cannot go. 但是我告诉你，我们俩不能同时都走。 Both the instruments are not precision ones. 这两件东西不都是精密仪器,II. Negation in C- E Translation,Negative in Chinese, but Affirmative in English Affirmative in Chinese, but Negative in English,1.Negative in C, Affirmative in E,在他还没来得及阻挡我之前，我已经跑出教室。 Before he could stop me, I had rushed out of the classroom. 俗话说，“男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处。” A