企业业务流程再造外文文献翻译原文及译文

1、外文文献翻译原文及译文（节选重点翻译）企业业务流程再造外文文献翻译中英文文献出处：Enterprise,Business-ProcessandInformationSystems Modeling，2018，pp 35-48译文字数：3600 多字英文Flexibility in Business Process Modeling to Deal with Context- Awareness in Business Process Reengineering ProjectsLeila JamelAbstractCurrent research on Business Process Man

2、agement (BPM) outlines the importance of Business Process Reengineering (BPR) operations for business improvements goals. One of the main issues when conducting this kind of project is basically related to the modeling of current (as-is) and future (to-be) processes in the enterprise. In fact, tradi

3、tional business process modeling techniques (BPMT) are being difficult to adopt for BPR projects which are being more and more context-aware, especially for two root causes: (i) BPR projects are conducted in a changing environment and (i) Business Process (BP) requirements are constantly evolving es

4、pecially within permanent customers changing needs. Thereby, the contexts in which BPR projects are conducted, are different; they may have various purposes, may cover different perspectives of the organization, etc. Thats why business process modelling techniques supporting flexibility could be mor

5、e suitable to deal with these changing atmosphere. In this paper, we propose the use of an approach for flexible business process modeling BPVM 1 for BPR projects.Keywords:Businessprocessreengineering,Businessprocessmodeling techniques, Flexibility, Context-awareness 1 IntroductionMany researches on

6、 Business Process Management (BPM) highlight the importance of Business Process Reengineering (BPR) operations for business improvements goals allowing them to better support current business requirements.In the current complex and dynamic environments, Business Processes (BP) have to be flexible an

7、d adaptable to changes in theses environments. Flexibility in business process modeling has been the focus of many researches 24, 25, 30, 31. There are many definitions of the flexibility in literature. It is defined in 32 as “the ability to yield to change without disappearing”. We define flexibili

8、ty as the capacity of making a compromise between, first, satisfying, rapidly and easily, the business requirements in terms of adaptability when organizational, functional and/or operational changes occur; and, second, keeping effectiveness. Among techniques used for dealing with flexibility we men

9、tion (i) variability which iss defined as “the ability of deriving different variants from the same BP” 31, (ii) adaptability that can be defined as the ability to temporarily deviate the flow during the execution of a BP 31, and (iii) context-awareness which is the ability to use contextual informa

10、tion to adapt the process 12. A lot of approaches dealing with techniques implementing flexibility were proposed. Whilesome of them focus on context-awareness and adaptation 12, 19, 26, others propose reuse and variability mechanisms 1, 2, 8, 21, 27, 28, 29.Moreover, the needs of approaches to deal

11、with context-awareness in BPR projects are significant. Many researches in business process management stress the importance of context-awareness issues in different aspects related to BPR. In fact, BPR projects are often context dependent; not only the environment in which BPR projects are lead is

12、changing, but also, business requirements are evolving. More precisely BPR projects can have different purposes and may cover different modeling perspectives in the organization.Furthermore, one of the main phases when conducting BPR projects is related to the modeling of current (as-is) and future

13、(to-be) processes in the organization. These tasks need the use of business process modeling techniques (BPMT).Adopting a non-flexible BPMT in a BPR project, which being context-aware, may makes difficult the realization of these projects.That is why, we argue that business process modelling techniq

14、ues supporting flexibility could be more suitable to deal with these changing atmosphere.In this paper, we propose the use of an approach for flexible business process modeling BPVM 1 to model as-is and to-be business processes in BPR projects. We focus on the BP design and redesign.2 BPR (Business

15、Process Reengineering) and Context-Awareness According to Hammer et al., BP renginering is the fundamentalrethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance such as cost, quality, service and speed 5. Also, BPR has

16、 been used by organizations as an approach to implement and manage changes 9. A key issue in BPR is the how question. BPR requires some methodology guidelines 3, 4.The Business process reengineering (BPR) is one of the most adopted methods to introduce change in enterprises. In fact organizations of

17、ten have to change their processes at higher or lower frequencies, in order to improve and make them more efficient. To reach this goal a BP modelling task is to be fulfilled during the analysis, diagnose and redesign BPR phases.Modeling business processes is very helpful for the success of BPR proj

18、ects according to the several advantages it offers, such:understanding the existing BPs, identifying their weakness and problems,identifying areas of potential improvement and areas with a gap between existing BPs and the BPR objectives,representing new BPs in order to evaluate their performanceincr

19、easing the speed and the quality of the implementation of BPRimprovementsbeing used for end-user training: all documents such as work instructions, user instructions, ISO documents, etc. are stored in the model that constitutes a single information sourcebeing used as “the best practices models”, BP

20、s models can be used as start point in similar companies initiating BPR projects.The modeling task is not easy to be put into practice in BPR projects due to the huge number of emerging business process modeling techniques, notations and languages (e.g. Event-driven Process Chains (EPC), UML Activit

21、y Diagrams, Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) 11, Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), etc.) 3. A lot of researches dealing with this problem were performed 10, 15, 16, 20.Some research labors are based on the track of context awareness in BPR to solve this difficulty. Among research

22、works dealing with context aware BPR we mention.The authors of 4 introduce a Context-aware Business Process Evaluation and Redesign approach which consists in two principle steps: first, it identifies the BP context; second, it enhances the original BP model by using process chunks appropriate for t

23、his context. The proposed approach use the workflow patterns as an extension mechanism in the phase of redesign. To each pattern is associated a relevance degree in aparticular context of use.In 3, 7 authors propose a metamodel for BPR vocations which encompasses knowledges and concepts related to (

24、i) modeling BPs in the context of the enterprise and (ii) BPs reengineering. In fact a guidance approach is performed for selecting adequate BP models to be used for as-is or to-be BPs during BPR projects. This approach is based on a classification framework for about 30 traditional BP modelling tec

25、hniques (e.g. EPC, Petri nets, UML class diagrams, UML activity diagrams, IDEF 0, State/transition diagrams, BPMN, Role Activity diagrams, etc.). The framework is built on four dimensions: (i) Type of business processes, (ii) Degree of change, (iii) Modeling purpose, and (iv) Modeling view.3 BPVM (B

26、usiness Process Variability Model) for Context-Aware BPR ProjectsBPVM is a multi-perspectives business process modeling approach integrating variability. It allows to represent business processes in a way to give them their capacity to be adaptable, on the one hand, and to identify and to formalize

27、the factors whose variations require changes at run-time (i.e. context, and quality requirements), on the second hand. The proposed approach allows to build several possible representations of a business process and to capture change requirements that affect the process execution.Figure shows the me

28、ta-model BPVM using the notation of UML class diagram. The proposed meta-model includes five parts that cover the following perspectives: the intentional perspective, the functional perspective, the organizational perspective, the non-functional perspective and the non-organizational resource perspe

29、ctive. As shown in Fig, the core concept in BPVM is that of business process fragment (BPF). The perspectives of the meta-model are interconnected through this concept.To represent flexible processes, a modeling solution has to provide a minimum set of perspectives to represent the enterprise elemen

30、ts that are potentially impacted by changes.Regarding the dimension Modeling view, BPVM is a multi- perspectives business process modeling approach which allows business processes to be represented according to five perspectives: intentional perspective, functional perspective, non-functional perspe

31、ctive, organizational perspective and non-organizational resources perspective.The functional view. The functional view represents the BPFs by specifying their functional composition of units of finer granularity. This composition follows a hierarchical structure whose leaves fragments represent ato

32、mic processes. This perspective represents a business process model in terms of BPFs which have to be achieved as well as their structures, the composition links and the variability dependenciesbetween them, and the conditions and the constraints governing their achievements.A BPF is defined as a pa

33、rt of a business process model that (i) creates value for the organization, (ii) can be reused in several process models, (iii) can be placed under the responsibility of one or more roles(iv) and whose implementation allows to satisfy a business goal. This concept aims to define multiple levels of a

34、bstraction. It is similar to the concept of sub-process defined by the WfMC and the OMG.This view allows to express the organizational resources which are required for the business process realization. These resources are the actors and the roles they play. The core concept in this perspective is th

35、at of role. A role is defined as an organizational entity which is responsible for the achievement of a BPF and that can be assigned to one or more actors; it can represent a skill, a competency or qualification or a responsibility. It can also represent a group of individuals. The concept of role i

36、s also considered as a means allowing to assign the actors to the BPFs instances. This concept is similar to the concepts of business role and business entity defined in BPMN(Business Process Modelling Notation), to the concept of organizational unit defined in EPC, and to the concept of organizatio

37、nal role defined by the WfMC An actor is definedas a resource that is involved in the execution of a process instancefragment since it is assigned to a role responsible for the achievement ofthis fragment. An actor is assigned to one or more roles based on their qualifications and skills. An actor m

38、ay be responsible for the achievement of one or more instances of BPFs according to the roles they can play. This concept is similar to that of participant defined by the WfMCThe intentional perspective allows expressing the goals that businessprocesses have to meet. It is represented, in the meta-m

39、odel by the fact that a BPF (Business Process Fragment) achieves a goal. The relationship between BPFs and goals which can be achieved by these BPFs is formalized by the link between the classes Business process fragment and Business goal. In BPVM, a business goal specifies an objective that we have

40、 to achieve without detailing how to achieve it. It identifies the needs and the expectations attached to a business process. A business goal is defined as an objective of the organization in carrying out its activities which is satisfied through the realization of one or several BPFs. Business goal

41、s are formalized using a linguistic approach that is based on the formalism proposed in 23. This formalism provides a support for the business processes engineering based on goals. The linguistic template of a goal includes a verb, a target and a set of parameters that play specific roles related to

42、 the verb. The list of parameters is as follows: Source and Destination (which are generalized by the parameter Direction), Means and Manner (which are generalized bytheparameter Way), Beneficiary, Time, Quality, Reference and Location. The verb and the target are mandatory, whereas the parameters a

43、re optional. The target designates the entity affected by the goal. It can be of two kinds: object or result. The parameters are defined in details in.4 ConclusionIn this paper, we discussed the use of a business process modeling approach (BPVM) which supports flexibility, for modeling the “as-is” a

44、nd the “to-be” business processes in context-aware BP reengineering projects. This approach allows to represent a business process model according to many modeling perspectives. Also, it can be used to model different types of business processes. Whats more, it can be used for analysis or design pur

45、poses. And finally, it allows to take into consideration both radical and incremental change; it fact it supports variability in both the functional and the organizational perspectives hence variations are defined with respect to the way of achievement of business process fragments and to the actors

46、 roles.The work presented in this paper in founded on a multidimensional classification framework of many used traditional BPMT which presented the goal of helping analyzing and evaluating business process modeling techniques and consequently the definition of new ones.In the future, we will continu

47、e our efforts to evaluate the use of BPVM in BPR projects on a large BPs panoply. It will be interesting to work on software development processes which funded on COTS(Commercial off-the-shelf) software components as they are in a close relationship with the context in which they are chosen, applied

48、, tested and maintained by software developers.译文业务流程建模中的灵活性以处理业务流程再造项目中的上下文感知莱拉贾梅摘要当前对业务流程管理（BPM）的研究概述了业务流程再造（BPR）操作对于业务改进目标的重要性。进行此类项目时的主要问题之一基本上与企业中当前（原样）和将来（将来）流程的建模有关。实际上，传统业务流程建模技术（BPMT）难以被越来越多的上下文感知的 BPR 项目采用，尤其是对于两个根本原因：（1） 业务流程再造项目是在变化的环境中进行的；以及（2）业务流程（BP）要求不断发展，尤其是在永久客户不断变化的需求范围内。因此，进行业务流程

49、再造项目的环境是不同的。它们可能有各种目的，可能涵盖组织的不同观点，等等。因此，支持灵活性的业务流程建模技术可能更适合应对这些不断变化的氛围。在本文中，我们建议使用一种方法进行灵活的业务流程建模 BPVM 用于业务流程再造项目。关键词: 业务流程再造, 业务流程建模技术, 灵活性, 上下文感知1 引言关于业务流程管理（BPM）的许多研究都强调了业务流程再造（BPR）操作对于业务改进目标的重要性，使他们能够更好地支持当前的业务需求。在当前复杂而动态的环境中，业务流程（BP）必须灵活且适应这些环境中的变化。灵活的业务流程建模一直是许多研究。文献中有许多关于灵活性的定义。在参考文献 32 中将其定义

50、为“屈服变化而不会消失的能力”。我们将灵活性定义为：在发生组织，职能和/ 或运营变更时，首先要在适应性方面在业务需求之间做出折衷的能力；第二，保持有效性。在用于处理灵活性的技术中，我们提到（1）可变性，其 ISS 定义为“从同 BP 导出不同变体的能力。”（2） 的适应性，可以被定义为的能力暂时偏离一个 BP 执行期间的流动31 ，和（iii）上下文 - 意识，即使用上下文信息来适应过程的能力。提出了许多处理实现灵活性的技术的方法。虽然它们中的一些集中在上下文感知和适应，其他人提出的重用和可变性的机制。此外，在 BPR 项目中处理上下文感知的方法的需求非常重要。业务流程管理中的许多研究都强调了

51、与 BPR 相关的不同方面中的上下文感知问题的重要性。实际上，BPR 项目通常取决于上下文。BPR 项目的领导环境不仅在发生变化，而且业务需求也在不断发展。更准确地说，BPR 项目可以具有不同的目的，并且可以涵盖组织中不同的建模角度。此外，进行 BPR 项目时的主要阶段之一与组织中当前（按现状） 和将来（将来）流程的建模有关。这些任务需要使用业务流程建模技术（BPMT）。在 BPR 项目中采用基于上下文的非灵活 BPMT 可能会难以实现这些项目。因此，我们认为支持灵活性的业务流程建模技术可能更适合应对这些不断变化的氛围。在本文中，我们建议使用一种方法对 BPVM 进行灵活的业务流程建模，以对

52、BPR 项目中的现有和将来的业务流程进行建模。我们专注于 BP 设计和重新设计。2 BPR（业务流程再造）和上下文感知根据 Hammer 等人的观点，BP renginering 是对业务流程进行根本性的重新思考和彻底的重新设计，以实现对关键的当代性能指标（例如成本，质量，服务和速度）的显着改进。此外，组织已将 BPR 用作实施和管理变更的方法。BPR 中的关键问题是“如何”问题。BPR 需要一些方法指南。业务流程再造（BPR）是引入企业变更的最常用方法之一。实际上，组织通常必须以更高或更低的频率更改其流程，以便改进并提高其效率。为了实现此目标，在分析，诊断和重新设计 BPR 阶段期间，必须完

53、成 BP 建模任务。根据业务流程建模的优点，它对 BPR 项目的成功非常有帮助， 例如：了解现有的 BP，确定其弱点和问题，确定潜在的改进领域以及现有 BP 与 BPR 目标之间的差距，代表新的 BP 以评估其绩效提高实施 BPR 的速度和质量用于最终用户培训：所有文档（例如工作说明，用户说明，ISO 文档等）都存储在构成单个信息源的模型中BP 模型被用作“最佳实践模型”，可以用作启动 BPR 项目的类似公司的起点。由于大量的新兴业务流程建模技术，符号和语言（例如，事件驱动的流程链（EPC），UML 活动图，业务流程建模符号（BPMN），建模任务在 BPR 项目中不容易实现。业务流程执行语言（

54、BPEL）等。很多处理这个问题的研究的进行。一些研究工作基于 BPR 中的情境意识跟踪来解决此难题。在研究工作涉及情境感知 BPR 我们提到。文献 4 的作者介绍了一种上下文感知的业务流程评估和重新设计方法，该方法包括两个主要步骤：首先，它确定 BP 上下文； 其次，它通过使用适合此上下文的流程块来增强原始 BP 模型。所提出的方法在重新设计阶段使用工作流模式 6 作为扩展机制。在特定的使用上下文中，与每个模式相关联的关联度。在 3，7 作者提出对 BPR 职业，其包括在企业 BP 再造的上下文相关于（1）的 BPs 建模知识和概念的元模型。实际上，在选择BPR 项目期间用于原样或将来的 BP 的适当 BP 模型时，会执行指导方法。该方法基于约 30 种传统 BP 建模技术的分类框架（例如EPC，Petri 网，UML 类图，UML 活动图，IDEF0，状态/过渡图，BPMN，角色活动图等）。该框架建立在四个维度上：（1）业务流程的类型，（2）变更程度，（