高中英语 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Section Ⅲ Learning about Language and Using Language 新人教版选修9

1、Section Learning about Language & Using Language,课前自主预习,重点单词 1_ vi.突降；猛扑 2_ n小包；包裹 3_ vt.& vi.啄食 4_ n悬崖；峭壁 5_ n远征；探险(队)expeditionary adj.远征的；探险的 6_ adj.必须做的；必修的 7_ n改革；革新,swoop,parcel,peck,cliff,expedition,compulsory,reform,8_ vt.计算；估计reckoning n计算；估计 9_ n挨饿；饿死starve v挨饿；饿死 10_ n心理学psychologically a

2、dv.心理上地；心理学地 11_ n紧张；不安；张力tense adj.令人紧张的 12_adj.逐渐的；逐步的gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地,reckon,starvation,psychology,tension,gradual,13_ vt.预见；预知 14_n渴，口渴thirsty adj.渴的 15_ vt.扯破；撕破tear n泪水；眼泪 16_ n困苦；艰难hard adj.困难的 17_v咆哮；轰鸣roaring adj.轰鸣的,foresee,thirst,tear,hardship,roar,重点短语 1_远离 2_紧邻着 3_决定做某事 4_出发；动身 5_为

3、了(做) 6_由于 7_被认定为,far away from,next to,be determined to do sth,set out,so as to,owing to,be recognized as,重点句型 1_，it shook itself and threw Samuel in the approximate direction of the nest. 2_but then he noticed lots of seaweed on his left and quickly hid under it. 3He had _ an outstanding ability in

4、 navigation and exploration，_a real concern for sailors health,Once there,There seemed to be nowhere to hide,not only,but also,课内研析探究,swoop vi.猛扑(常与down连用)；突降 The bird swooped down to the lake. 这只鸟猛扑到湖上。 The children swooped down to the pile of presents. 孩子们向那堆礼物冲了过去,compulsory adj.必须做的；必修的；被强迫的，义务的

5、 Is English a compulsory subject? 英语是必修科目吗？ Education is compulsory in Britain. 在英国实行义务教育,Chinese is a compulsory subject on this course；art is optional. 这个课程里，汉语是必修科目，美术是选修科目,be determined to do“决定/心做某事”，为系表结构，着重于有决心的状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。 He is determined to become a teacher. 他决心当一名教师。 I am determined

6、to do better than Mike. 我决心比迈克做得更好。 He determined to set out early. 他决定早点动身,determine to do/that.(动作)决定,set out出发，动身 They set out on the last stage of their journey. 他们动身踏上最后一段行程。 She sets out to break the world record. 她一心努力打破世界纪录,set sth.out/set out sth.安排，摆放，陈列，阐明 set out to do sth.开始做某事 set abou

7、t doing sth.开始做某事,so as to为了 He got up early so as to catch the early bus. 他早起床是为了赶上早班车,owing to 由于，因为 They could not cross the river owing to the flood. 由于洪水，他们不能过河。 Owing to the immediate danger of war，there will be an extraordinary meeting of Parliament tonight. 由于即将发生的战争危险，今晚议会将召开特别会议,be recogni

8、zed as被认定为 Bell is recognized as the first person to invent the telephone. 贝尔被认定为发明电话的第一人。 I have known him for ten years.But I didnt recognize him just now because he had changed so much. 我认识他十年了。但他变化太大了，我刚才没有认出来,recognize sb./ones voice/handwriting 认出某人/某人的声音/字迹 recognize ones mistake承认某人的错误 recog

9、nize sb.as/to be.承认某人是,survival nU，C 生存，幸存，残存；幸存者，残存物 The mans survival was surprising，as the doctors thought he would die. 这个人能活下来真是出人意外，因为医生们认为他必死无疑。 We need food and water for survival. 我们为了生存需要食物和水,survive v大难不死，死里逃生；比活得长,Only a few soldiers survived the battle. 那次战斗中只有少数士兵幸存。 He died in 1940 bu

10、t his wife survived him by another 20 years. 他在1940年逝世，但他的妻子比他多活了20年。 注意：survive本身已表示“幸存，幸免于”，后面不能再接in或from,incident nC 事件，事变；事情，小事 The demonstration proceeded without incident. 游行示威中没有出事。 He could remember every trivial incident in great detail. 他能把每件小事的细节都记得很清楚,incidental adj.次要的；伴随的，补充的 incidenta

11、l expenses杂费 incidental music for a play戏剧的配乐,3)accident指难以预测的意外事故。 How did the accident happen? 这起事故怎么发生的？ (4)incident指不重要的小事或暴力、枪战等事件，小插曲，政变。 July 7th Incident 七七事变 (5)business多指个人或商业事务。 It was a mistake to go into business with my brother.和我兄弟一起经商是个错误,departure n出发，启程，背离，违反 Flights should be conf

12、irmed 48 hours before departure.航班应在起飞前48小时予以确认。 Their latest single disc represents a new departure for the band.他们最新出版的单曲唱片体现了这支乐队的新尝试,What he said departed from the truth. 他说的话背离事实。 The train departs for Paris at noon. 这列火车中午开向巴黎,crew n. (1)C 全体船员，全体机务人员；一队(或一班、一组)工作人员 The plane had seventy passe

13、ngers and a crew of ten. 飞机上有70名乘客及10名机务人员。 None of the passengers and crew were injured. 没有一个乘客和机务人员受伤。 注意：crew作主语时，如看作整体，谓语用单数；如看作成员们，谓语用复数,The crew on board was small. 船上的船员为数很少。 The crew were busy preparing. 机务人员正忙着准备。 (2)v.充当(尤指船上的)工作人员 Men are needed to crew the lifeboat. 需要有人来做救生艇的船员,deposit

14、(1)vt.放下，置下；存放，储蓄，寄存；沉淀 She deposited her money in the bank. 她把钱存在银行里。 When the river is in flood，it deposits a layer of mud on the fields. 当河水泛滥时，便在田野上沉积一层泥。 (2)n.C 存款，储蓄；定金，押金 Weve put down a 5% deposit on the house. 我们已支付了房款的5%作为订金,deposit sth.with sb.把某物寄存在某人处,You can deposit your luggage with a

15、 friend of yours.你可以将行李寄存在朋友处,dilemma nC 进退两难(的局面/境地)，困境，进退维谷 The doctor was in a dilemma whether to tell the patient the truth about his condition or not. 医生进退两难，不知道是否该把病人的真实病情告诉他。 I am in a dilemma whether to do maths or English. 我左右为难，不知是做数学还是写英语,be in a dilemma处于进退两难的境地,routine nU，C 常规，日常事务 Teac

16、hers in our school will have a routine medical examination on Teachers Day. 在教师节我们学校的教师要进行常规的体检。 I arrive at nine oclock，teach until twelve thirty and then have a meal；that is my morning routine. 我九点钟到，教课教到十二点半，然后吃饭；那是我上午的例行作法,daily routine日常工作，例行公事,reckon v计算；认为，估计；指望，盼望 We reckon him honest.我们认为他很

17、诚实。 He reckoned on a large profit. 他指望会有一笔为数不小的赚头,reckon on依靠，指望 reckon with估计到，预料到；处理，对付 reckoning n计算；估计,starvation n饥饿，挨饿 Millions will face starvation next year as a result of the drought. 由于发生旱灾，明年将有数百万人面临饥饿的威胁。 He is starved for making fortune. 他渴望发财,starve v(使)挨饿，饿死，缺乏 be starved to death饿死 s

18、tarve sb./sth.of/for使某人/某物得不到所需要的,tension nU，C紧张(状态)，不安；拉紧；压力，张力 The tension in the Far East is building up again. 中东的形势又逐步紧张起来。 There is often a tension between the aims of the company and the wishes of the employees. 公司的目标和雇员的思想之间经常存在矛盾。 We laughed and that helped ease the tension. 我们笑了，因而使紧张的情绪缓和

19、下来,foresee v. 预料，预知 We dont foresee any problems. 我们预料不会出任何问题。 It is impossible to foresee how life will work out. 不可能预知生命将如何发展。 Those who can foresee difficulties on their way to success may keep calm when they really appear. 在走向成功的路途中能够预见到困难的人在困难真正出现的时候常常能保持冷静的态度,foreseeable adj. 可预料的，可预见的 for/in

20、the foreseeable future(在)可预见的将来 foresight n预料，预知,thirst nU 渴，渴望 The soldiers died of thirst in the desert. 士兵们在沙漠中干渴而死。 He had a great thirst for knowledge. 他有强烈的求知欲,thirsty adj.渴的，口渴的，渴望(求)的 thirst for sth.渴望，渴求 be thirsty for sth.渴望，渴求,tear v扯破，撕破，撕毁 Youve torn a hole in your pants. 你这条裤子给划了一道口子,t

21、earopen撕开 tear.a part/into pieces/halves撕毁/撕成碎片/两半 tear at撕扯 tear away迅速离开 tear oneself away from忍痛离开 tear down拆毁 tear up撕碎 in tears哭泣；流着泪,She was so angry that she tore up the letter. 她太生气了以至于撕毁了这封信。 Nowadays，children cant tear themselves away from the computer games. 当今，儿童难以割舍电脑游戏,hardship nU，C 艰难

22、困苦 People suffered many hardships during that long winter. 在那个漫长的冬季，人们吃了很多苦头。 It was no hardship to walk home on such a lovely evening. 在这么一个宜人的傍晚步行回家一点也不辛苦,background nC(画等的)背景，底子，背景材料；U出身，背景，经历 Its a castle with hills in the background. 那是一座以山为背景的城堡。 He is a young man with a college background. 他是

23、个有着大学经历的年轻人,in the background在不显眼的位置，在背景中,take over接管，占上风，取而代之 Try not to let negative thoughts take over. 尽量别被消极的思想左右。 Our company has taken on a new look. 我们公司已经呈现出了新貌,take in收留，欺骗，吸入，注意到 take on雇用，呈现，接纳(乘客) take up占据(时间)，开始从事,be caught in遭遇到，被抓到 She was caught in a thunderstorm. 她遭遇了雷雨,be dressed

24、 in 穿着 be lost in着迷 be determined to do 决定做 be surprised at对感到吃惊 这些短语，如果位于句首作状语都是用其过去分词形式,in addition 此外，相当于besides There is，in addition，one further point to make. 此外，还有一点要记,after all毕竟，终究，别忘了 Why not be kind to her？After all，she is your friend. 为什么不对她好一点？毕竟，她是你的朋友。 Though it was raining heavily，we

25、went to the seaside after all. 尽管下大雨，我们还是去了海边。 注意：after all位于句首，强调看法，意为“须知”“毕竟”，位于句末，表示语气转折，意为“尽管”“然而,in all总计 all along一直，始终 all over到处 above all首先，最重要的是 at all全然，究竟，到底,cope with对付，应付 She is not a competent driver and cant cope with driving in heavy traffic. 她不是个称职的司机，在交通拥挤时就开不好车,take ones mind off

26、. 使某人的注意力离开 The mother took the boys mind off the pain by showing him a toy. 母亲给这个小男孩一个玩具使他忘记了疼痛。 Please keep your mind on your studies. 请专心学习,keep sb.s mind on专心于，把注意力集中于 put sb.s mind to专心于,set loose(相当于start off)出发，开始 I heard that you found a new job in a big company but when will you set loose t

27、o work? 我听说你在一家大公司找了一份新工作，但是你什么时候开始上班呢？ Every month he first set aside the tuition for the poor boy. 每月他首先给那个贫穷的孩子留出学费,set apart使(某人或某物)与众不同 set aside留出，拨出(金钱或时间,jaws of death鬼门关，死神(the gate of hell地狱之门) All the workers were able to escape the jaws of death from the burning building. 所有的工人最终从燃烧的楼房里逃

28、了出来，躲过了鬼门关,Hold your jaws！别唠叨了！(住嘴,完成句子 1The aircraft_(俯冲) over the fields in search of its target. 答案：swooped down 2We watch the hawk_(扑向) its prey. 答案：swoop on 3_(教育是义务) for all children in many countries. 答案：Education is compulsory,4我们很久没见了，所以第一眼没认出你来。 We havent seen for a long time，and I _at the

29、 first sight. 答案：didnt recognize you 5那时候还没有把毒品看成严重的问题。 Drugs_a serious problem then. 答案：were not recognized as 6In these jungle areas，every day is a fight _(为生存) 答案：for survival,7_(他的突然离去) threw the office into chaos. 答案：His sudden departure 8They normally ask you to pay_(付100英镑作为订金) 答案：100 as a de

30、posit 9Make exercise a part of your _(日常生活) 答案：daily routine 10We hadnt _(考虑到) the possibility that it might rain. 答案：reckoned with,11_(家庭的紧张关系) may lead to violence. 答案：Family tension 12The statue will remain in the museum_(短期内) 答案：for the foreseeable future 13He _(渴求钱)，but does nothing every day.

31、答案：is thirsty for money 14She _(撕碎他的信) and threw it away. 答案：tore up his letter,15The old mans face showed_(他一生的困苦) 答案：the hardship of his life 16With a bit more_(背景资料) the report will be fine. 答案：backgrounds,单句语法填空 1He started working hard at his lessons，_ (determine) to get the first place. 答案：det

32、ermined 2He said he determined_(leave) at once. 答案：to leave 3That evening she set_ writing the report and finish it within three hours. 答案：about,4He will set _ on a pleasant journey tomorrow morning. 答案：out 5Our hometown took _a new look. 答案：on 6In some areas，there are still some people _ (starve) t

33、o death. 答案：starved,Once there，it shook itself and threw Samuel in the approximate direction of the nest. 一旦到了那儿，它就摇动全身并把塞缪尔扔向了约是它窝巢的那个方向。 once there是状语从句once it was there的省略形式。在状语从句中，经常见到这种省略现象。若(时间、条件、地点、让步、方式或比较等)状语从句能够满足以下两个条件，从句就可以使用省略形式,1)恰当的从属连词。常用的有when，where，if，once，while，as，as if，though，wh

34、enever，than等； (2)从句主语与主句主语指的是相同的人或物，或者从句的主语是it，且从句谓语有be动词。这时可以省略从句的主语和be动词，只留下从属连词和表语或分词等。 Ill go and pick you up if (it is)necessary. 如有必要，我开车去接你。 She picked up some English when(she was) in Washington. 在华盛顿时，她学了些英语,The conference went smoothly though (it was) not organized properly. 尽管会议组织得不好，却很顺利

35、。 When (she was) asked about her families，she began to weep. 当问到她的家庭时，她开始抽泣,There seemed to be nowhere to hide but then he noticed lots of seaweed on his left and quickly hid under it. 似乎是没有地方可以藏身，但是后来他注意到在他的左边有一些水草并且他迅速地藏在了水草下面。 There seems/appears to be.看起来好像有 there be结构中可以加上一些词表示特殊的意义，类似的还有,There

36、 must be.一定有 There may be可能有 There happens to be碰巧有 There used to be过去常有 There is going to be将要有 There will be.将会有 There is said/reported(/.)to be 据说/报道()有,What a pity my new computer doesnt work.There must be something wrong with it. 很遗憾，我的新电脑不好用了。它一定是坏了。 There happens to be a mistake. 碰巧有一个错误。 The

37、re seems to be something wrong with it. 它好像有点儿毛病,there be句型中容易出错的地方： (1)不能用has或have代替there be句型中的be。 (2)there being结构在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句，因此主句中就不再用任何连词,He had not only an outstanding ability in navigation and exploration，but also a real concern for sailors health. 他不但有杰出的航海和探险本领，而且真正关心水手的健康。 not only.but also不但而且，连接并列主语时，谓语动词要和临近的主语在人称和数上保持一致；连接谓语动词时，not前不可有助动词；连接分句时，若not only位于句首，