在句子中用来修饰动词

1、Unit 16, Unit 17,At the end of the unit, you should grasp,Adverbial clauses of time Adverbial clauses of reason. Adverbial clauses of the First Conditional. As in clauses of time, reason and comparison,Functions,Narrating a sequence of events Stating future intentions,在句子中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的成份，叫状语。在主

2、从复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句的位置可以在主句之前，通常在主句前加逗号；也可以在主句之后。常见的状语从句表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果等意义,when “当.时” , while “当.时/而”, whenever “无论什么时候”, every/each time “每当”, As “正当时候”, before “在 之前”, after “在之后”, Since “自从 以来”, till/until “直到”, as soon as, the moment, the minute “一 就”, hardly when, no sooner th

3、an “刚 就,I.Adverbial clauses of time(时间状语从句,常见的时间状语从句,1. 由连词when “当.时”引导的时间状语从句 在含有when引导的时间状语从句的句子中，从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作,eg. When he was at university, he often did morning- exercise. Ill let you know when you come,2.while 与 as 也可以表示“当.时候”， while表示“在期间, 主句的动作发生在这段时间内。而as表示 “一边一边”, 它强调主句和从句的动

4、作同时发生。,eg. Please write while I dictate. 在我念的时候，请你记下。 He came up as I was speaking. 我正在说话当儿，他来了,3. when, while, as 连接时间状语从句时的细微差别。 I. when (at or during the time that) 只表示一般的时间关系，它既可指时间的一点（a point of time），也可指一段时间（a period of time）.用when 时从句的动作可与主句的动作同时发生，也可先于主句的动作，因此when 用得最多,III. as (at the same m

5、oment that) 往往可与when通用，但它着重指从句与主句的动作同时发生,II. while (during the time that) 只能指一段时间，而不能指时间的一点。用while时，从句的动作或者与主句的动作同时发生，或者主句的动作是在从句的动作的进展过程中发生的，因此从句中的谓语必须是表示延续性动作或状态的动词，这是while 与when的主要差别,4. 由before “在 之前” 引导的时间状语从句 before引导的时间状语从句的动作发生在主句之后。 eg. Say good-bye before you leave. 在你离开之前，说声再见,5. 由after “在

6、之后” 引导的时间状语从句 after引导的时间状语从句的动作发生在主句之前。 eg.After he arrived he began to work at school. 他到达以后就开始在学,6. 由 as soon as, the moment, the minute “一 就” 引导的时间状语从句 as soon as, the moment, the minute引导的时间状语从句的动作与主句的动作一前一后发生，时间紧凑。 eg. He reads out as soon as he come into the classroom. 他一进教室就大声念书。 The moment t

7、he button is pressed the machine starts. 一按电钮，机器就开始动起来,7. 由till/until “直到 ” 引导的时间状语从句 这个句子要注意它的汉语翻译。 eg. They did not stop discussing until they came into a conclusion. 直到得出结论，他们才停止讨论,NOTE: 在时间状语从句中，一般不用将来时，而用现在时态代替将来时。 eg. Ill let you know when you come. 你来的时候，我会告诉你的,Well wait for you if you come b

8、efore six oclock. 如果你六点钟以前来我们就等你,II. 原因状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Cause,常用because “因为”，as “因为，由于” ，since“因为，既然”等词引入,a. 由because “因为”引导的原因状语从句 because引导的原因状语从句表示原因的语气最 强，表示有必然的因果关系。由because引导的 原因状语从句往往放在末尾。常用来回答why？ eg. He cannot go to school because he is ill. 他因为生病不能去上学,有时也可用短语介词because of来表示原因，beca

9、use后接句子，而because of后接名词、代词等，它的后面不能接句子。 eg. He cannot go to school because of his illness,b. 由as “因为，由于” 引导的原因状语从句 as引导的原因状语从句表示原因的语气比because从句要弱一些，有顺便提一下的意味。 eg. Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest. 人人都喜欢你，因为你既和气，又诚实,c. 由since“因为，既然” 引导的原因状语从句 since引导的原因状语从句表示经过一些分析，且听话对方已知晓原因。 eg. Si

10、nce she insists you must come. 既然她坚持，你就一定要来,III. 条件状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Condition,条件状语从句常用if unless“除非，如果不”， as/as long as “只要”等词引导。 eg. If it rains on Sunday, we will not go on a trip. 如果这个星期日下雨的话，我们就不外出旅行。 Youll fail unless you work hard. 除非你积极工作，不 然你总要失败。 You can surely overcome these difficu

11、lties so long as we are closely united. 只要我们紧密地团结一致，一定能克服这些困难的,条件状语从句中一般不用将来时 在表示将来要发生的动作时，要用将来时态。但是，在条件状语从句中常用一般现在时态而不用一般将来时态。 Eg. If you go to England next year, youll learn a lot of English. If Carol comes here tomorrow, Ill tell her all about it,IV. 让步状语从句,although, though, even if(并列连词：but) Tom

12、 still doesnt understand. I have explained three times.-Although / Though I have explained three times, Tom still doesnt understand,二、主句谓语动词的几种不同形式,1）主句中的谓语形式通常是：will + 动词 eg. If we leave now, well catch the 11:30 train. Ill give you another book if you dont like this one. 2）在表示客观真理，自然规律等时，主句中的谓语动词可

13、以用一般现在时。 Eg. If you heat ice, it turns to water. If one eats too much, he gets flat,Eg. We should help him if he asks. If it rains, we can stay at home and watch TV. If its too cold tomorrow morning, I might come by bus,3）有时主句中的谓语可以是：情态动词 （should, must, could/can, might/may）+动词,三、As 用法小结,as 可以作连词、副词

14、、介词、代词，用法较多。下面归纳我们已学过的几种用法。 在进行两者比较时用这两种句型：asas ; not so as,1) asas 表示两者相等 eg. Tom is as handsome as Jack. Mary sings as well as Jane,2) not so (as) as 表示两者不相等 eg. Mary doesnt sing as well as Jane. I. 这两种句型中的第一个as 是副词，后面常跟形容词、副词。句型中的第二个as是连词或介词，后面可以跟名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语或从句（比较状语从句,eg. Hes as tall as his

15、 father. Her car isnt as (so) fast as mine. Well do as much as we can. The students arent as good as they were. Ill eat as much as possible,II. asas结构常用于构成一些固定的比喻。 eg. as black as pitch, as white as sheet. as light as a feather, as poor as a church mouse,III. as 引导时间状语从句,IV. as引导原因状语从句,Eg: My brothe

16、r always read the newspaper as he ate his meal. Please return the book to the library as you will go there this afternoon,Eg: A theres a strong wind, youd better put on your heavy coat. Please return the book to the library as you will go there this afternoon,I lost a lot of weight. I was ill,I lost

17、 a lot of weight when I was ill,She opened the letter. She saw it wasnt for her,She opened the letter before she saw it wasnt for her,My brother came to see me. My father asked him to,My brother came to see me, because my father asked him to,It will rain. We can stay at home and watch TV,If it rains

18、, we can stay at home and watch TV,Exercise,Functional practice,I. Narrating a sequence of events,叙述事情发生的先后顺序，不仅可以借助于动词的时态，也可以借助于表示时间的短语或状语从句,After she married Chen Ping , Cui Dan travelled around China. When she visited me, she brought me some books,II. Stating future intentions,What are you going to do? - Im going to become the yougest surgeon in China. Im going to take the exam again of course. Im not going to take it until next year. Im going to have a rest,III. Making Plans,What are we going to do this weekend? - Well go to the cinema if there is a good film on. - What shall we do if i