语法大全】直接引语变间接引语地用法

1、实用标准文档直接引语变间接引语一、如何变人称 ;下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。 “一随主”是指在直接引语 变间接引语时， 如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。 从句中的人称要按照主 句中主语的人称变化如：She said. My brother wants to go with me.She said her brother wan ted togo with her.“二随宾” 是指直接引语变间接引语时， 若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。 或被第二 人你所修饰。 从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。 如果引号外的主句没有宾语。 也 可以用第一人称，如：He

2、 said to Kate. How is your sister no w?He asked Kate how her sister wasthen 。“第三人称不更新” 是指直接引语变间接引语时。 如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称 或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr. Smith said: Jack is a good worker。 Mr. Smith said Jack was a goodworker 。二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：1) She said

3、. I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。 She said he would go to see hisfriend 。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, theteacher

4、 told me.The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and themoon moves around the earth 。 直接引语是 过去进行时 ，时态不变。如：Jack said. “ Joh n, where were you going whe n I met you in the street?” Jackasked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 直接引语中有 具体的过去某年、 某月、 某日作状语 ，变为间接引语时， 时态不变。 如：X

5、iao Wang said. I was born on April 20, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was bornon April 20, 1980。 直接引语如果是 一般现在时 。表示 一种反复出现或习惯性的动作 ，变间接引语， 时态 不变。如：He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six everymorning 。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时 的形式(例：ought to , had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，(例： could, shou

6、ld, would, might )不再变。如：Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better gothere that day 。三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语， 状语变化有其内在规则， 时间状语由 “现在” 改为“原来” (例： now 变为 then, yesterday 变为 the day before )地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指 示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”(例： this 改为 that), 如：He said, These books are min e.He said

7、 those books were his.四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句， 间接引语应改为由 that 引导的宾语从句。 如： She said, Ourbus will arrive in five minu tes.She said that their bus would arrive in fiveminutes.直接引语如果是 反意疑问句， 选择疑问句或一般疑问句 ，间接引语 应改为由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句.如：He said, Can you swim, John?He asked John if he couldswim.You have fini s

8、hed the homework, have n t you? my mother asked.Mymother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or by bike?He asked me if I went to school bybus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句， 间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句 (宾语从句必须用 陈述句语序 )。She asked me, When do they have their dinner?She asked

9、 me when theyhad their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg 等)sb.( not) to dosth. 句型。如：Don t make any noise, she said to the children.She told (ordered) thechildren not to make any noise.Bri ng me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup oftea. 直接引语如果是以“ Let s”开头的祈使句

10、，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：He said, Let s go to the film.He suggested going to the film. 或 Hesuggested that they should go to see the film.引述别人的话有两种方式： 一是使用引号引出人家的原话， 这叫做直接引语； 一是用自 己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：John said, I m going to London with my father.约翰说： 我要和父亲到伦敦去。 （引号内是直接引语）John said that h

11、e was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：1、直接引语是陈述句时间接引语为 that 引导的宾语从句（口语中 that 可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think 等。He said, You are younger than I. ” He said （that） I was younger than him.2、直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder, do not

12、know,want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。(1)一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether) 引导的宾语从句。She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers?t She asked me if ( 或 whether” often went there to read newspapers.She asked me, You have seen the film, haven t you?tShe asked me whether( 或 if )I had seen the film.(

13、2)选择疑问句变为 whether.or宾语从句。I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?t I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.(3) 特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。He asked, Where do you live? tHe asked me where I lived.3、直接引语是祈使句时间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语

14、补足语 (dont 变为 not ) .The teacher said to the boy, Ope n the win dow.The teacher told the boy toopen the window.His father said to him, “ Don t leave the door open. ” His father told him not to leave the door open. 注意 ( 1)有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist 等动词加以转述。例如：He said, Let s go to the theat

15、re.t He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或 He suggested that we(should) goto the theatre.(2) Would you mind opening the window? he asked.t He asked me to open the window.Why don t you take a walk after supper? he asked .t he advised me to take a walk after supper.Shall we listen to the music? he

16、 asked.t He suggested listening to the music.4、直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为 what 或 how 引导，也可以用 that 引导。She said, What a lovely day it is !t She said what a lovely day it was . 或 She said that it was a lovely day.5、如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。 如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时（ 2）现在进行时变为过去

17、进行时（3）一般将来时变为过去将来时（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 注意 （ 1）如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语， 一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：The teacher said The earth goes round the sun.t The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.(2) 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：He said to me, I was born in 1973.t He to

18、ld me that he was born in 1973.(3) 如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改 为一般过去时。 如：He said, I m a boy, not a girl.t He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4) 如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示 一种反复出现或习惯动作 ，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：The girl said, I get up at six every morning.t The girl said that she gets up at six every m

19、orning.(5)如果直接引语中含有 since, when, while 引导的 表示过去时间的状语从句 ，在变为 间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .t He told me that he had taught English since he came here.(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better 以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would, 在变为间接引语时，这些情态

20、动词没有时态的改变。 例如：The teacher said to me . You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.t The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more atte nti on to mypronunciation.He said , I could swim when I was only six .t He said that he could swim when he was only six.6. 代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。指示代词 this -tha

21、tthese- those表示时间的词 now - thentoday- that daythis week(month ,etc) that week (month ,etc)yesterday the day beforelast week(month) - the week(month) beforethree days(a year)ago-three days(a year)beforetomorrow the next (following ) daynext week(month)-the next(following)week(month) 表地点的词 here -there

22、动词 bring - takecome -go直接引语变间接引语的用法及讲解 定义：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。 例： He said: It is too late. 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。 例： He said it was too late. 直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题 第一：人称的变化。 主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。 例如：直接引语 She said: I am hungry.间接引语 She said she was hungry.直接引语 Mum said to me: You

23、must clean your bedroom by yourself. 间接引语 Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself. 第二：时态变化 直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。1. 直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。例如： Teacher told us: The moon moves round the earth.Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.2. 直接引语 为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语

24、仍用一般过去时。例如： She said: I went to England in 1998.She said she went to England in 1998.3. 主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。He says: I bought you a book yesterday.He says that he bought me a book yesterday.第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。第四：句式上的变化1. 陈述句变间接引语时，用 that 连接。如： She said: I am a girl.She said that she was

25、a girl. (that可以省略 )2. 一般疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或 whether 。例如： She asked me: Are you Mr. Li?She asked me if I was Mr. Li.She asked us: Do you want to go on a picnic?She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.3. 特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。例如： How much have we spent on petrol this year, Susan as

26、ked her husband.Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.4. 祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。一改： said (to) 改为 asked 或 told, ordered 等二变： said to 的宾语或呼语变为 asked 等的宾语 三加：即在动词原形前加 to ，使成为动词不定式 四去：去掉 please例： He said to her: Dont take the book away.He asked her not take the book away.5. 感叹句变

27、为间接引语What awful weather it is! she said.She complained about the awful weather.What a bright girl you are. He said to me.He praised me that I was a bright girl.随堂练习直接引语变间接引语练习题1He said: “Ive left my book in my room.2She said: “ He will be busy. ”3She said to T om, “ Can you help me? ”4She asked, “Is

28、 this book yours or his? ”5The teacher asked, “ how did you repair it?t waste your time.6The teacher said to the students,“ Don7 . The mother said,“ Tom, get up early, please. ”8 . The teacher said,“ The earth goes round the sun.”9 . My father said,“ Practice makes perfect. ”10 . The boy said to us,

29、 “ I usually get up at six every day.11. He said,“We are still students.12 . He said to me, “ I was born in 1978.13 . The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”14 . He said, “ I have studied English since I was a boy. ”15 . She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.16 . Mr. Green

30、sqjd to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.17 . He said,“We insisted that she start immediately.18 . She said,“ He demanded that the girl leave at once.19 . I said to him, “ I have finished it. ”the young man20 . She said to us, “ I ll come here tomorrow.21 . “Where does

31、your chemistry teacher live, Karen? asked.22 . “ I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” thelittle boy saidhappily.23 . “Light travels faster than sound, ” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.24 . “ Will you go to the con cert with me this eve ning?” Mary asked me.2

32、5 . “What did you do here yesterday? ” the old man asked my brother.直接引语变间接引语专练题（二）I .单项选择1. He askedfor the computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “ Have you see n the film?” he asked me. f He asked me.A. had I see n the film B. have I see n the

33、filmC. if I have see n the film D. whether I had see n the film3. “ Please close the win dow,” he said to me.f Hemethe win dow.A. said to; to close B. told to; clos ingC. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher, ” Jack said. f He said.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacherC. that he is a t