雅思阅读技巧-PPT精编版ppt课件

1、READING IELTS,雅思阅读精讲,IELTS,雅思阅读 第一讲：雅思阅读概况，技巧和最新题型介绍 第二讲：TrueFalseNot Given (判断题) 第三讲： List of Headings(标题题) 第四讲： Matching(信息匹配题) 第五讲： Multiple Choices(选择题) 雅思阅读难点： 1.时间紧，题量大。60分钟 无答题卡时间 20分钟以内。（make a project of your time）-训练数度 2.题材广 3.词汇量大 4.学术性强,雅思阅读八大题型：节约时间，提高速度，增加语感 List of headings 标题对应题（考的是段

2、落主旨）（很难）(p63) 细节题： 2TRUEFALSENOTGIVEN一般13题要简单思维（p82）3Summary词数不超过55，每句话不超过15个，只考4-5个空，每个空都有选项；只考文章3个段落；1到2个形容词，其余是名词4Multiple-choice多项选择题（简单）(p21)只有一个答案是正确的，每个段落只有一个标题，一般限制在5个5Matching配对（最难）(p101)人名和理论配对；论点和论据配对；概念与解释配对6Short Answer Questions(p32) 7Flowcharts （p56）确定范围，确定信息点在哪几个段落中8Sentencecompletio

3、n完成句子-变形的Matching一般都给选项 (p38,出题思路 1.雅思阅读考的就是快速阅读skimming 认为; 假定为; 承担I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it. 我错了，我愿为此承担责任。I assumed you can speak French fluently. 我以为你能讲流利的法语。 derive +from v. 得自; 起源 distribution n. 分配; 配给物; 分发They could not agree about the distribution of the profit

4、s. 他们对于利润的分配意见不一致,establish v. 建立, 制定, 确立They have established a student organization. 他们建立了一个学生组织。 estimate n. 估计, 判断 v. 估计, 判断, 评价 He is highly estimated among his colleagues. 他在同事中受到的评价很高。 They estimated the number of visitors at 10 million. 他们估计参观者人数为1000万。 evidence n. 证据,v. 证明; 表明There wasnt en

5、ough evidence to prove his guilt. 没有充分的证据能证明他有罪。 in evidence 明显的 可看见的The fire and dash pertaining to youth are not much in evidence among these people. 年轻人特有的热情和锐气在这些人当中没有多大表现。 identify v. 识别, 鉴定, 认明; 认同; 感同身受; 一致Textual analysis identified the author as Shakespeare. 对原文的分析研究鉴定出作者是莎士比亚,indicate v. 指

6、出; 象征; 显示 Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. 研究表明，男人比女人更容易戒烟。 involved adj. 复杂的; 有关的 involve v. 包括, 使陷于 I got involved in a quarrel about the price. 我被卷入了一场有关价格的争吵。 issue n. 发行, 后果, 问题 v. 发行; 造成.结果; 流出; 使流出; 发行; 放出The government is trying to keep a low profile

7、on this issue. 政府力图在这个问题上保持低姿态。 The leadership of the movement are in agreement on this issue. 这一运动的领导层对这个问题的看法一致。 The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence. 政府在独立的问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度,significant adj. 重要的，有意义的 例句:A short significant phrase in a composition. 乐旨乐曲中简短而重要的短

8、句 variable adj. 可变的，易变的Winds are mainly light and variable. 风力较弱，风向多变,雅思阅读三大题型： 细节题（判断题、句子完成题、选择题、表格图题、流程图题、问答题等等） 出题思路： 1.仅仅考查对局部语句信息的理解 2.重点考查语句之间的语法逻辑关系 3.不考查对语篇结构的宏观把握,IELTS,主旨题：（标题配对题、摘要题） 出题思路： 1.不考查对细节内容的理解 2.侧重对全篇、局部段落的结构把握能力的考查 3.重点厕所对语篇内部重要信息的甄别能力 推断题（部分判断题）： 出题思路： 题目信息来源于文章具体语句表达内容的归纳及演绎,

9、IELTS,雅思阅读】Question Types: Matching 标题选择仅仅和文章段落内部观点句的表达相关 学会区分观点（arguments）及事实（factuality） 观点句未必都是每段话的第一句： 1.问句的理解及功能 2.过渡句的判断 3.文章转折信息的把握 4.文章观点语句位置的总结 5.文章纯细节表达的主旨归纳,IELTS,Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the grea

10、test enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put t

11、ogether kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings,IELTS,HEADING 讲解,一、段落标题配对Heading的基本特征 对Heading而言，最重要的属性是第一个。其实Heading这种题型之所以和标准的Matching成为不同的题型，最主要的差异就在于前者考察Gist后者考察Detail。而这意味着在阅读时关注

12、的重心存在明显的差异。定位细节我们用查读（scanning），而把握主旨则需要扫读（skimming）。而用于配对的一系列段落标题，如果仅仅对应特定段落中的局部、具体、例证等类型的信息，则应该立即被我们所排除。剑3的Test2第二篇文章有一组Heading题就是很典型的例子。 例,IELTS,IELTS,List of Headings i The probable effects of the new international trade agreement i The environmental impact of modern farming ii Farming and soil e

13、rosion Iii The effects of government policy in rich countries All these activities may have damaging environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may contaminate water supplies; more intensive farm

14、ing and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of corps have been,解析：很显然，在配对标题Farming and soil erosion中soil erosion一词出现在文章首句之后多个平行的例子之中，用于说明首句的damaging environmental impacts。那么它就应该被排除，前面的The environmental im

15、pact of modern farming才是正解。 注意: 我们可以通过scanning较为容易地发现soil erosion的位置，但对于Heading这种题目而言细节反而是从原则上讲应该被忽略的东西。分析认为，考生需要做的，是判读出哪里是主干信息，哪里是细枝末节，然后从配对标题中选择主干信息的再现或转述。 我们再通过剑2中的一个例子来巩固一下上述提到的Heading题目的基本属性和解题原则,IELTS,List of Headings ii Holistic approach to health iii The primary importance of environmental f

16、actors . ix Socio-ecological view of health During the 1980s and 1990s there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root causes of poor health. While lifestyle factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental con

17、texts in which people live. This broad approach to health is called the socio-ecological view of health. 解析：类似前面的例子，我们仍然可以轻松地发现environmental一词，因为并没有进行替换。但是在承接上文的首句之后，environmental一词仅仅是作为三个平行信息中的一个出现的，不具备概括性，应被排除，而随后一句话中的this is called socio-ecological 才真正进行了一个总结。所以答案为ix而非iii,IELTS,二、段落标题配对Heading的解题

18、步骤 A.选项处理 选项处理是Heading题型解题过程中的第一个重要步骤。有效的选项处理对于Heading题目的解答有着非常重要的作用。 标题候选项的分析比较可以给我们关于文章大意的有用线索，而浏览文章，即便是快速的浏览，起到的目的无非就是了解大意。这样如果先进行选项分析，全文浏览阅读的时间就省下来了。 排除真正解题过程中一部分无关信息的干扰 不同段落与特定Heading之间唯一匹配关键在于Heading项彼此间的差异，而不是共有信息。所以选项分析的结果在于剔除重复信息，抓住典型性差异特征。 例子总是胜过空洞的说教，咱们来看看真实的考题（剑4 Test 3,IELTS,List of Hea

19、dings i Causes of volcanic eruption ii Efforts to predict volcanic eruption iii Volcanoes and the features of our planet iv Different types of volcanic eruption iv International relief efforts v The unpredictability of volcanic eruptions 由于volcanic eruption必然将会贯穿文章始终，它也就失去了帮助我们判断特定标题和段落对应的作用。所以，建议考生

20、，选项处理首先要做的，就是寻找重复表达。而一旦发现，我们就将其删去,IELTS,观点句位置小结： 段落首句 段落前两句 文章中间转折 末句重申 文章主题词的归纳,IELTS,判断题解题讲解 解题原则： 做判断题需要每次同时定位两道题目 判断题遵循顺序原则 每个题干带回到原文，只能对应1-2句话 不能跳读做题,判断题解题讲解 定义解释： False/No: 题目信息和文章相关内容完全相反 True/Yes: 题目信息和文章相关内容完全一致 Not Given: 题目信息无法在文章找到出处或者与文章相关内容不完全一致,判断题选择FALSE/NO的情况： 信息反义抵触类： 题目： Johnson s

21、et up an academy to help with the writing of his Dictionary. 原文： Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language; he would write a dictionary himself; and he would do it single-handed,IELTS,2. 题目对文章的并列信息进行限制 原文： Since the Winter Games began, 55 out of 56 gold medals in

22、the mens Nordic skiing events have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union. 题目：Only Scandinavians have won gold medals in the mens winter Olympics,IELTS,原文：But generally winter sports were felt to be too specialized.题目：The Antwerp Games proved that winter spots were too s

23、pecialized,3. 原文为人们对于某样事物的理论或感觉，题目则强调是客观事实或已被证明,IELTS,4. 原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、可能性的词 原文： Without a qualification from a reputable school or university, it is unlikely to find a good job. 题目： It is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution. 5. 含有绝对词汇的表达一般选择FALSE.

24、Bakelite was immediately welcomed as a practical and versatile material,IELTS,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,6. 数字作为考点一般选择FALSE. 题目： Four thousand species of du

25、ng beetle were initially brought to Australia by the CIRO,IELTS,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 5

26、0 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 198

27、2, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them

28、to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia

29、, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 d

30、ifferent species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982,

31、the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to

32、different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, E

33、urope and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 diff

34、erent species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the

35、 CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to dif

36、ferent clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Euro

37、pe and Africa, aiming to match them to different clima,题目内容文章没有提及题目：The government was concerned about some artists complaints.原文：The size of the rehearsal room of , and some artists have complained bitterly about all these varieties ever since,判断题选择NOT GIVEN的情况,IELTS,2. 题目信息限制原文，比原文更加具体 原文： A comed

38、ian will present a situation followed by an unexpected interpretation that is also apt. 题目： Most comedians use personal situations as a source of humor,IELTS,3. 原文是某人的目标，目的，想法，愿望，保证，发誓等，题目是事实 原文： His aim was to bring together, once every four years, athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of a