初中英语语法ppt课件

1、语法与练习,English,Grammar,人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 不定代词 代词综合练习 名词 冠词 数词 介词 动词 do 动词 have there be 结构 情态动词 时间表达法 形容词（副词）的比较级和最高级 选择疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 状语从句 时态： 一般现在时 练习 现在进行时 练习 一般将来时 练习 一般过去时 练习,人称代词：代替人或事物的代词叫人称代词.人称代词有主 格和宾格之分. 主格一般在句子中作主语，宾格在句子中作 动词或介词的宾语. 人称 主格 宾格 第一人称 I (单数) me we (复数) us 第二人称 you (单复数) you 第三人称 he

2、(单数) him she (单数) her it (单数) it they(复数) them 注意：it 能被用来代替一个东西、一个动物或一个未知的人. they能被用来代替两个或两个以上的东西、动物或人. 例：动词的主语 动词的宾语 介词的宾语 I like Wendy. Wendy likes me. Wendy is fond of me. He likes Wendy Wendy likes him. Wendy is fond of him,Grammar,模仿示例, 用括号里代词的正确形式完成下列句子. 例如：Mary is talking to me (I/me) on the

3、phone. 1. ( We / Us ) went swimming at the beach yesterday. 2. ( He / Him ) is Michaels good friend. 3 I havent seen ( they / them ) for a long time. 4. I like my boss because ( he / him ) is very friendly. 5. Kitty is older than (I / me) but (I / me) am older than Susan. 6. I told ( he / him ) to w

4、ait but ( he / him ) didnt. 7. A:Who took my radio? B: ( I / Me ) have no idea who took ( it / him ). 8. A:Where are the football player? B:There ( they / them ) are. 9. A:Is that Kenneth over there? B:Yes, thats ( he / him ). 10. A:Is Raymond hard-working? B:Yes, ( he / him ) is. Everyone in the of

5、fice respects ( he / him,练习,物主代词：也称代词的所有格.表明谁的某物或某物归属 于谁. 分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词. 形容词性 物主代词只能作定语，后面必须跟有名词.名词性物主代词 相当于形容词性物主代词+名词. 人称 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 第一人称 my (单) / our(复) mine (单) ours (复) 第二人称 your (单/复) yours (单/复) 第三人称 his her its (单) / their (复) his hers its (单) / theirs (复) 注意：区分 its 与 its. its 是 i

6、t 的形容词性和名词性物主代词， its 是 it is 或 it has 的缩写 例：形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 Thats my pen. That pen is mine. This is our money. This money is ours. These are your shoes. These shoes are yours. Those are his goldfish. Those goldfish are his. Thats her file. That file is hers. That is its food. That food is its. Thes

7、e are their toys. These toys are theirs,Grammar,模仿示例, 用括号里的词开头, 改写下列句子. 例如：Their books are on the table. (The books) The books on the table are theirs. 1. Their red shirts are on the chair. (The red shirts ) 2. Your room is the first one on the fourth floor. (The first room) 3. My school bag is unde

8、r the table. (The school bag ) 4. Her piano is in the sitting room. (The piano ) 5. My poster is the biggest one on the notice-board. (The biggest poster ) 6. Their office is next to Johns. (The office ) 7. His car is at the end of the street. (The car) 8. Our classroom is the biggest one in the sch

9、ool. (The biggest classroom ) 9. Her glasses are on the TV. (The glasses ) 10. His letters are on my desk. (The letters,练习,Key: 1. The red shirts on the chair are theirs. 2. The first room on the fourth floor is yours. 3. The school bag under the table is mine. 4. The piano in the sitting room is he

10、rs. 5. The biggest poster on the notice-board is mine. 6. The office next to Johns is theirs. 7. The car at the end of the street is his. 8. The biggest classroom in the school is ours. 9. The glasses on the TV are hers. 10. The letters on my desk are his,反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns) 表示反射或强调的代词以 -self

11、或 -selves 结尾。 一、反身代词的构成 二、用法： 1、在句中作宾语。表示动作回射到动作执行者本身。 e.g. He always thinks of himself. The girl can wash herself now. 2、在句中用来加强语气，表示“亲自”“本人”的意思。 e.g. You can do it yourself. I must see the headmaster himself,Grammar,反身代词的构成 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves himself 第三人称 herse

12、lf themselves itself 第一、二人称由形容词性物主代词加 -self /-selves 构成.第三人称由人称代词宾格形式加 -self /-selves 构成. 所有的重音均在这个音节上,Grammar,Fill in the blanks with reflexive pronounces: （用反身代词填空） 1.She teaches English. 2.They enjoy at the party every Saturday evening. 3.Today Im going to buy a tennis racket. 4.Please make at ho

13、me, children. 5.Tim often forces to sleep late. 6.Can you see in the photograph? 7.She lives by . 8.We make sandwiches for . 9.The old lady always talks to . 10.Paul is pleased with because he does well in his work,herself,themselves,myself,yourselves,himself,herself,herself,himself,yourself,ourselv

14、es,练习,不定代词 some, any, no. some, any, no 都既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。 Some 一般用在肯定 句中。 e.g. He asked me some questions. There are some children outside. There is some milk in the fridge. Some of us agree with the statement and some disagree. Some people are early risers. Mother is doing some washing now. So

15、me 也可用在表示请求、建议的疑问 句中，希望回答yes e.g. Will you get me some matches? Would you like some coffee? Why dont you get some people to help you? Do you need some help,Grammar,Any 用在否定和疑问句中。 e.g. Are there any stamps in the drawer? I havent got any work to do. Do you know any good doctor? Let me know right away

16、 if you have any news. Did she give you any? Any 也可用在肯定句中，表示任何。 e.g. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. Come any day you like. Any time you want me, just send for me,Grammar,No 只能作定语。 no = not any, not a (an) e.g. There are no letters for you today. He is no friend of mine. No boy in t

17、he class has ever seen the sea. No 用于警告、命令等标识。 e.g. No smoking! No parking,Grammar,用 some, any 和 no 填空： I want to buy _new clothes, but I havent got _ money. There arent _ seats left on the bus. I had _ sweets, but my sister didnt have _. She saw _ squirrels in the park yesterday. He heard _ noises

18、outside his bedroom window last night. They dont have _ tickets for the concert. Why isnt there _ bread in the kitchen? Mother bought _ just this afternoon. Were there _ telephone calls for me while I was away? Boy: Have you got _ friends near where you live? Girl: _, but not many,some,any,any,some,

19、any,some,some,any,any,some,any,any,some,练习,Have Mr Mrs Harris got _ children? We went to see _ clowns at the circus. Jane has got _ new shoes. Theyre lovely! Dont you have _ lessons today? Peter has _ friends. I am sorry for him. I dont want _ vegetables, thank you. Have they _ oranges in the market

20、 today? Peters a bad boy. He does _ work at all and plays all day. Ive got _ potatoes, _ onions and _ carrots, but I cant find _ tomatoes. Why has John got _ classes today? - Because there arent _ in our school, today,any,some,some,any,no,any,any,no,some,some,some,any,any,no,练习,一、阅读下列疑问句或陈述句,然后选出最佳答

21、案. 1.John, whos that phone call for? A. Thats mine. B. Its for me. C. Is that yours? D. Hes calling me. 2.Is Rosanna in her room? A. Yes, this room is hers. B. No, she didnt tell me. C. No, its not her room. D. Yes, she is. 3. Is that map on the wall mine? A. Yes, its his. B. No, its not yours. C. N

22、o, my map is on the table. D. Yes, Im sure its mine. 4. My mother is a nurse. A. The nurse is mine. B. The housewife is my mother. C. Mine is a doctor. D. Me too. 5. Their school uniforms are purple and white. A. Ours are blue and green. B. We are the same. C. White is his color. D. Your color is gr

23、een,语法练习,6. Do you know where my camera is? A. Oh, your camera is a nice one. B. No, I only know how to use mine. C. No, I know nothing about cameras. D. Yes, its on the sofa. 7. Whose examination results are better? A. I do. B. Its me. C. Mine are. D. They are mine. 8. My favorite color is purple.

24、A. Hes yellow. B. Its red to me. C. Theirs is orange. D. Is he black? 9. Marys in Hospital. A. Im sorry to hear that. B. She is bad. C. Its very unfortunate of her D. Shell recover soon. 10. Is this raincoat his? A. Yes, its mine. B. It must be him. C. No, I think its yours. D. Yes, his raincoat is

25、over there,语法练习,二、In the following exercise, put the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple, put in the missing possessive adjectives*,and put in the missing personal pronouns#. (用括号内动词的一般现在时填空，并在*处填上适当 的物主代词，在#处填上适当的人称代词.） Brian and Tom _ (work) in London. James _ (be) _* friend. James _(introduce

26、) _# to _* mother and father. James also_(have) a sister. _* name _ (be) Jane and _# _(be) an engineer. John_(be) a friend of Brian and Tom too. _#_(come ) from a city in Australia. Andrew and John _(be) doctors.Andrew _ (like) John, but _ (not/like) Tom. Tom _ (work) with _* daughter. _# _(be) engi

27、neers,work,is,them,introduces,their,likes,she,his,is,Her,has,comes,He,is,is,are,doesnt like,are,his,works,They,语法练习,三、 Fill in the gaps below with the correct pronouns. （用代词的恰当形式填空.） 1) English people love dogs. buy expensive food （购买昂贵的食物）for ，talk to and sometimes sleep with on beds. The dogs dont

28、 sleep on own （自己的）beds but on ！ 2) John loves brother, Tom. always walks to school with and helps with homework. does own homework, and sometimes does brothers too！ Tom doesnt do it . 3) My friend and I love teacher， Miss Brown. like lessons very much. are interesting and is always happy,their,thei

29、r,them,They,them,them,theirs,their,his,him,He,himself,him,his,He,his,his,our,We,They,she,our,语法练习,四、 Complete this table.（填写下表） (人称代词) Personal Pronouns 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 Subject Object Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun Reflexive I yours himself her its ourselves yourselves They,语法练习

30、,me,yourself,herself,themselves,myself,you,my,your,you,mine,he,her,hers,his,him,his,she,it,itself,its,it,us,our,we,ours,you,you,yours,your,them,their,theirs,五、 Fill in the blanks with proper pronounces: (用适当的代词填空） 1.We must not think only of . (us, ourselves) 2.Who will go there with ? Nobody, shell

31、 go there . (herself, her) 3. “Help to some fish.” Mrs Green said to Peter. (yourself, yourselves) 4.I cant repair the model ship . (me, myself) 5.They cook supper for . (themselves, himself) 6.On this trip, you boys need to look after . (yourself, yourselves) 7.He gave a present for Christmas. (his

32、, himself) 8.He can type the letter . (himself, him) 9.Im old enough to dress now. (me, myself) 10.One must respect . (one, oneself,ourselves,her,herself,yourself,myself,myself,themselves,yourselves,himself,himself,oneself,语法练习,六、在需要的地方，用 a, an, some, any, many 填空： _ policemen in Britain have guns,

33、but only a few of them. Do you want _ apple? This is _ really beautiful house. There are _ five Chinese in my class. _ friends of my parents live in China. They are Australian. Have you _ eggs today? _ eagle is a big bird. John has got _ very big noses. What _ beautiful garden! _ people live in very

34、 big houses. _ students in China want to learn English these days. Are there _ policewomen in Hong Kong,Some,an,a,Some,any,An,a,a,Some,Many,any,语法练习,七、用 a, an, some, any 填空： Have you got _ flat? I want to be _ actor. Do you have _ pork? John has got _ big feet, but hes _ fast runner. You need _ visa

35、 to visit _ foreign countries. Jane is _ teacher and her parents are _ teachers tool These are _ very nice trousers. How much are they? Tom always gives Ann _ flowers on her birthday. Have you _ rice? He gives me _ card every year for my birthday,a,an,any,a,a,some (,a,some (,any,a,语法练习,疑问句：英语中有四种疑问句

36、： 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 一般疑问句：是将句中的助动词、情态动词或连系动词放在主语的 前面。通常用 yes 和 no 来回答。 e.g. Have you locked the door? Yes, I have. / No, I havent. Do you know Jack? Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 一般疑问句 要根据实际情况来回答。 e.g. Who is standing at the window? My sister is. How much does it cost? Fifty yuan. 反意疑问句:

37、 前面是一个陈述句，后面是一个简略问句。 用 yes 和 no 来回答。 e.g. Their daughter is very clever, isnt she? Jack likes tea, doesnt he? You dont like your job, do you? She is never late for school, is she,Grammar,选择疑问句：两种。要作具体回答。 、前面是一个一般疑问句，后面用 or 连接一个选择项目。 e.g. Shall we go by bus or by train? Do you speak English or French

38、? Shall I do it or will you do it yourself? Are you ready or not? Do you want to buy it or not? 、一个特殊疑问句加两个或两个以上的选择（用 or 连接）。 e.g. Who do you like better, Tom or Derek? Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? Which ice cream would you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry,Grammar,时间表达法： 一、数字表达法： 直接读出数字

39、。 e.g. 1:00 one (oclock) 2:05 two five 3:15 three fifteen 5:30 five thirty 7:45 seven forty-five 8:58 eight fifty-eight 二、介词表达法： 分钟数在半小时之内（含半小时）, 用介词 past. 表示几点过几分. e.g. 4:03 three (minutes) past four 6:10 ten past six 9:15 a quarter past nine 2:25 twenty-five past two 11:30 half past eleven 分钟数超过半小

40、时的，用 to 。表示几点差几分. e.g. 5:35 twenty-five to six 1:40 twenty to two 3:45 a quarter to four 7:55 five to eight 12:59 one to one *上午和下午的表达： 、在时间后加 in the morning 或 in the afternoon。 、在时间后加 a.m. 或 p.m.,Grammar,用数字表达法和介词表达法讲出下列时刻： 6：15 2：38 11：03 3：56 12：25 4：40 6：30 9：05 1：50 10：35 8：10 5：45,练习,名 词 名词分为可

41、数名词和不可数名词两大类.可数名词有单、复 数之分, 名词的数决定谓语动词的数. 不可数名词一般只 有单数形式，没有复数形式。 可数名词 table book wallet bag glass light 不可数名词 milk water money information tea oil paper 可数名词的复数形式有 规则变化 和 不规则变化 两种. 不可数名词可以借助单位词来表示一定的数量。 a drop of water, a sheet of paper, a piece of news, a ton of coal 注意：名词的规则变化加 s 的 发音。 一些 特殊的名词及变化,

42、Grammar,规则变化是在名词后加 -s , 具体变化规则如下: 1、一般情况下, 加 s e.g. book-books map-maps teacher-teachers way-ways 2、在 s, x, sh, ch 后, 加 es. e.g. bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches 3、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的,变 y 为 i 再加 -es. e.g. family-families factory-factories party-parties diary-diaries 4、以 f, fe 结尾的,则变 f, fe 为

43、v,再加 -es. e.g. live-lives knife-knives wife-wives half-halves leaf-leaves 5、以辅音字母加 o 结尾的, 加 s. e.g. hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes 6、以元音字母加 o 结尾的, 加 es. e.g. radio-radios zoo-zoos bamboo-bamboos 7、有些词 (含外来词) 加 -s. 需记忆. e.g. photo-photos piano-pianos memo-memos kilo-kilos,Grammar,名词的不规则变

44、化，如下: 1、变内部元音 foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese mouse-mice man-men woman-women policeman-policemen 2、单复数同形 Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep 3、词尾加-en child-children ox-oxen,Grammar,名词后加 -s 的读音, 如下: 1、在清辅音后，读 /s/ lakes desks maps 2、在浊辅音和元音后，读 /z/ dogs machines seas dri

45、vers 3、在 /s, z, , t , d/ 后，读 /iz/ glasses roses dishes churches pages bridges 4、在 /t, d/ 后，读 /ts, dz/ parts birds students seeds boats fields 注意： 有些名词复数的发音，有变化。 house /s/ - houses /ziz/ cloth / - clothes / z,Grammar,特殊的名词及变化 1、有些名词加 s 的形式表示种类。 两条鱼是 two fish， two fishes 表示两种鱼。 food 是不可数名词， foods 表示多种

46、食物。 people 表示人时，是复数名词。只能说 two people, many people； 一个人 不能说 a people, 应该说 a person； a people 表示一个民族， two peoples 表示两个民族。 2、有些以 f, -fe 结尾的词，直接加 -s roofs beliefs roofs handkerchiefs safes 有些以 f, -fe 结尾的词，变 f, -fe 为 ves 或直接加 -s 皆可。 dwarf dwarfs / dwarves scarf scarfs / scarves 3、复合名词的复数形式, 一般是将主要部分变为复数。

47、 lookers-on passers-by sons-in-law bus-drivers football-players boy-students girl-servants,Grammar,由 man 或 woman 作为第一部分的复合名词，两个部分皆变复 数 men writers women doctors men cooks women singers 4、有些名词总是用复数形式。 a pair of trousers / shoes / gloves / glasses / shorts / scissors / jeans 5、单数集体名词可看作是一个整体，也可看作若干个体。

48、 family class group team police staff crowd audience 6、有些名词形式上是复数，却用作单数。 maths (mathematics) news means economics physics 7、表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词，在作为一整体看待 时，当作单数对待。 Ten pounds is too expensive for this pen. Two miles is not long. Fifteen minutes is quite enough. Three pounds is not so heavy,Grammar,Cho

49、ose the correct nouns in the sentences below. 1) I dont wear ( trouser / trousers ) to play football. I wear ( short / shorts ). 2) A bicycle is a very cheap ( mean / means ) of transport. 3) She cant see very well. She needs ( glass / glasses ). 4) She wants to cut his hair. She needs ( scissor / s

50、cissors ). 5)we need four ( people / persons ) to play this game,练习,Choose the correct form of the verb, singular or plural. e.g. Because I am good with numbers, mathematics ( is / are ) easy for me. 1) The news ( isnt / arent ) very good today. 2) Three days ( is / are nt ) long enough for a good h

51、oliday. 3) Have you got your scissors? Mine ( isnt / arent ) sharp enough. 4) England always ( loses / lose ) at badminton. 5) Phone for a taxi. Six miles ( is / are ) a long way,练习,Complete the sentences after the model. Model: our holiday lasts three weeks. It is a three-week holiday. The girls ar

52、e 14 years old. They are 14-year-old girls. 1) The woman is 30. She is a _. 2) The flight lasts six hours. It is a _. 3) The book has got 200 pages. It is a _. 4) The tickets cost twenty yuan. They are _. 5) This Chinese cabbage weighs five jin. It is a _,30-year-old woman,six-hour flight,200-page b

53、ook,20-yuan tickets,five-jin Chinese cabbage,练习,Rewrite the sentences and correct the errors. 1) There is five persons on the room. 2) Is there two buses near a entrance? 3) This boys over there are my friend. 4) They has knifes and forkes in a coffee shop. 5) Are there no students of economics in a

54、 university? 6) They has got three child and now a new baby. 7) A old women wants a double rooms for the hotel. 8) Is this any boxes on the kitchen,are five people in,are / the,Those / friends,have knives and forks,any / the,have / children,An old woman / room,Are there any boxes in ,练习,改正下列句中的错误： T

55、here is many students in these school. I have very good mother. His parent is Chineses. Any of my fathers friends lives in Beijing. Oh dear! Havent you got some moneys? The banker and her wife lives in London. We have a holidays in August. Some policemen is very tall,are,this,a,parents are Chinese,S

56、ome,any money,live,are,live,练习,冠词：是置于名词之前、说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。 冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。 英语中冠词有三个，即 定冠词、不定冠词 和 零冠词。 定冠词 the 相当于 this 或 that，表示特指。 定冠词 the 在元音音素前读 / i/，在辅音音素前读 / /。 如： The air was full of butterflies. The battle started on the morning of the twenty-fourth. 不定冠词 a, an 相当于 one, 有单一的含义，

57、有时也可指一类。 a , an在含义上并无不同，只是 a 用于辅音音素前，读 / /； 而 an 则用于元音音素前，读 / n/。 如： Armstrong is a man of few words. We live about an hour from the city. 零冠词是名词前一种无形的冠词，即一般所说的不用冠词的场合。很多 专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词都用零冠词。 如： Beijing is the capital of China. Knowledge is power,Grammar,定冠词的用法： 1、用于单数或复数名词，可数或不可数名词之前。表示特指。 e.g. The old man over there is his grandfather. The water is hot. Theres a book on the desk. The book is mine. 2、表示世界上独一无二的事物。 e.g. The sun is like a great ball of fire in the sky. 3、用在序数词、形容词最高级和方位名词前。 e.g. Sunday is the first day of the week? Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? Th