级考试作文题型分析.ppt

1、a,1,四级考试历年作文题型分析,a,2,四级作文从试题角度可以分为现象解释型、问题解决型、对比选择类、谚语解释分析。四六级命题组总结在这四种类型当中，现象解释型的考试几率最高，考生需特别注意。下面具体解释这四种类型,a,3,一、 现象解释型,命题主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论。 写作方法：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进(限制)这种现象的进一步发展。 让我们来看下历年四级作文命题： (1) 2012年6月 On Excessive Packaging (2) 2010年6月 Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling (3) 20

2、09年12月 Creating a Green Campus (4) 2009年6月 Free Admission to Museums (5) 2008年6月 Recreational Activities,a,4,2012年6月英语四级 题目：On Excessive Packaging 提纲：1. 目前很多商品存在过度包装现象 2. 出现这一现象的原因 3. 我对这一现象的看法和建议 此话题是一个常见的社会话题,相对来说比较容易下笔。从结构上说,这篇作文只需把三条提纲扩展为三个段落即可：第一段提出本文所讨论的现象过度包装盛行;第二段分析产生这种现象的原因;第三段提出自己的看法和建议,a,

3、5,On Excessive Packaging,In contemporary society, it has become a trend for many products or items to be excessively packaged. In the meanwhile, an increasing number of customers find it more expensive to purchase these goods. Taking a look around, we can find a great many examples in supermarkets:

4、excessive packages of food, clothes and gifts. It is evident that the causes of this phenomenon are diverse. In the first place, some customers psychological need is the root cause. These packages bring the sense of beauty, arouse peoples enthusiasm to buy, and help manufacturers to promote sale,a,6

5、,In the second place, it is these packages that enable shops to build up a foundation for advertising. As a matter of fact, industries in mounting numbers have come to realize the necessity of packaging for sale. However, as a customer, I am convinced that quality of goods is of great importance. Th

6、us, we should educate, advocate and encourage our friends, classmates and acquaintances to buy goods without excessive packages. (170 words,a,7,2010年6月 题目：Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling 提纲：1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视 写； 2.出现这个现象的原因是 3.为了改变这种状况，我认为,a,8,Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling,Corre

7、ct spelling is a basic skill in English study. However, nowadays many students do not pay much attention to it。 They have their own reasons for misspelling. First of all, they like an easy way of studying, which causes some omissions and changes in spelling. Second, the teachers might not be very st

8、rict in students spelling. In China, teachers seem to be more concerned with grammar and vocabulary but not spelling,a,9,To change this situation, in my opinion, the teachers and the students should work together. On one hand, the teachers should give more attention to students spelling, asking the

9、students to be conscious of the importance of correct spelling from the very beginning of their English study. On the other hand, the students themselves are supposed to be aware that correct spelling is a must in English study。 To sum up, correct spelling is so important that both students and the

10、teachers should spare no efforts to achieve correct spelling,a,10,2009年12月 题目：Creating a Green Campus 提纲：1. 建设绿色校园很重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该 首先指出建设绿色校园这一现象很重要，然后叙述建设绿色校园的意义，最后为建设绿色校园提出良好建议,a,11,Creating a Green Campus,Recently, with the idea of making and maintaining “a green earth” being

11、the focus of the society, “green campus” has become a more and more popular concept in universities or colleges, which, undoubtedly, will bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our society. The concept of “green campus” does not only mean a green environment but also refers to an en

12、vironmental sense in peoples mind. Campus plays a crucial role in educating the young generation and the consciousness of “green campus” will definitely produce a profound effect on students various environmental protection activities after their graduation,a,12,Whats more, the young generation is u

13、nder the burden of severe environmental pollution and there are many problems waiting for them to solve. To make “green campus” come true, firstly, it is necessary to work out effective principles for the development of sustainable and recyclable campus. Secondly, it calls for peoples awareness of t

14、he serious pollution around us and actual action to reduce the waste. Last but not least, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between campus and society, so as to ensure that “green campus” can work smoothly with the co-effort of the whole society,a,13,2009年6月 题目： Free Admission to Museums 提纲： 1.

15、 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放 的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？ 考生可依据此写作模式来展开论述： 引出问题指出问题作者看法,a,14,Free Admission to Museums,Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad. The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as theres a growing awareness for the authorities r

16、egarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free access to this live database, can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them. However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well.

17、 The most obvious problem is that it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly impedes the,a,15,sustainable development of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or

18、 control. On the other hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some of which might not be well-purposed and do some conscious or unconscious damage to the valuable treasures which used to be well-preserved in the museums. As a university student, I am in favor of the free-admission conduct.

19、 Yet it is proposed that some measures should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it. For example, museums can make some regulations to guide the behavior of visitors or set some “closed”days for museums for regular maintenance. Only in this way can free-admission to museums become a

20、long-lasting phenomenon and have sustainable development,a,16,2008年6月 题目：Recreational Activities 提纲：1. 娱乐活动多种多样 2. 娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3. 作为大学生，我的看法,a,17,Recreational Activities,With the development of the economy, a wide range of creational activities are invariably available, from watching movies

21、to playing basketball and so on. Just because there are so many recreational activities, we must treat them appropriately. Some people think recreational activities are beneficial to our lives. There are many factors that may account for it. Recreational activities not only can enrich our life, but

22、also build our body. Moreover, we can improve the opportunity to communicate with our family members and friends and make many new,a,18,friends because most activities can be done with others. On the other hand, many kinds of recreational activities may have some bad effect on our lives. For example

23、, if we spend too much time on it, it will delay our work or study. As far as Im concerned, we should keep a balance between recreational activities and our work or study. We can make best use of the advantages, meanwhile,pay attention to the bad effects that will influence our life,a,19,Exercise,Di

24、rections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on the topic The Celebration of Western Festivals. 1.现在国内有不少人喜欢过西方的某些节日； 2.产生这种现象的原因； 3.这个现象可能带来的影响,a,20,The Celebration of Western Festivals Nowadays, an increasing number of Chinese people are fond

25、 of celebrating some Western festivals. For example, they send chocolate and flowers to their beloved on Valentines Day. In addition, they make fool of others as what westerners do on April Fools Day. There are many factors contributing to this phenomenon. Among all these factors, language learning

26、plays a critical role. More youths are exposed to western culture and festivals through learning English. Moreover, some Western festivals offer people an opportunity to enjoy the relaxing and comfortable atmosphere, which attracts a large number of Chinese people. Besides, many,a,21,businessmen vie

27、w foreign festivals as golden opportunities to make money, so they may try desperately to boost the atmosphere of foreign festivals. In my opinion, Chinese people celebrating Western festivals has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, by celebrating Western festivals, people have more

28、opportunities to show their affection to others and to get together. However, on the other hand, our own home-grown festivals crucial roles may be weakened to some extent. Therefore, we must keep a balance between the Western festivals and our traditional festivals,a,22,二、 问题解决型,此类作文要求考生从提示性文字入手，解释提

29、示性文字反映出的问题，提出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性；然后对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施；最后一段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法等。 基本方法：提出问题分析问题解决问题。 (1) 2010年12月 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent (2) 2008年12月 Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags,a,23,2010年12月 题目：How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? 提纲：1. 目前不少父母为孩

30、子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立,父母应该 此篇是典型的问题解决型文章。这样文章开头有一个背景引入：父母为孩子包办一切。观点很明确：这样是有危害的，家长应该让孩子们独立！接下来就是该怎么做。但是提纲只给了两点，需要我们写出三段，这样段落安排可参考如下： （一）第一段：背景和危害第二段：解决第三段：展望注：第二段是重点,二）第一段：背景第二段：危害第三段：解决和展望注：第三段是重点,a,24,How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent,Today in China, many families have only one child. S

31、o the children usually doted upon by all family members. Gradually some of them get used to depending on their parents and family members, as a result they lack the ability to face their lives by themselves. There are some ways to help children to be independent. First, the child should have a chanc

32、e to see the world around him individually to understand that there are various people and competitions in their lives, and learn to find his right position in the society only by individual efforts.Second, it is impossible,a,25,to ask a child not to depend on parents at once. The parents may give t

33、he child enough help and space to make him feel comfortable. A child needs help from their families. Because without any help, the child may lose his faith. Thirdly, parents can help their children make their own decisions, which can challenge his ability to deal with problems. A child should be pra

34、ised when he is successful or encouraged when he fails. To be independent is vital for the children, because no parents can go with their children for the whole life. Only an independent person can live and enjoy a full and meaningful life,a,26,2008年12月 题目：Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags

35、 本次四级考试考查的是一次性塑料袋的使用问题。环保问题，是热门话题之一。 答题思路： 1一次性塑料袋给人们生活带来便利； 广为使用。 2. 由此带来的问题，举例子。 3限制使用塑料袋的意义，理论与实际相结合,a,27,Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags,Nowadays we may find ourselves surrounded by a sea of disposable plastic bags. And recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been

36、 brought into peoples focus. First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes irreversible harm to our environment. As these bags are not biodegradable, they are blocking the drainage system and causing water pollution. Whats more, customers using disposable plastic bags may think that they a

37、re of great convenience. But what they dont quite realize is that there will be remarkable negative impact on our health. And,a,28,sometimes careless disposal of these bags may even poison some innocent animals. In view of the severity of this issue, effective measures have been taken in our country

38、. There has been a strict limit on the using of disposable plastic bags in supermarkets, which not only enhances peoples awareness on environmental protection but also protects our health,a,29,Exrecise,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 w

39、ords on the topic Energy Resources. 提纲： 1.目前中国的能源资源比较丰富； 2.但这些能源可能很快被耗竭； 3.为避免未来的能源危机，我们该做些什么,a,30,分析： 根据提纲，我们可以确定短文写成三段： 1. 能源现状： China is rich in various energy resources. 2. 能源危机： These energy resources are being used up rapidly. 3. 解决措施： To avoid energy crisis,a,31,Sample,Energy Resources China

40、is rich in various energy resources. Coal and petroleum, for instance, are two major ones. They are essential in developing the countrys industry, science and technology. China has done a great deal in the past few decades to raise the output of coal and petroleum. These energy resources are not ine

41、xhaustible, however, and are being used up rapidly. With the building of four modernizations, new industrial and scientific projects are spring up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. They are enormous consumers of energy. Besides, there has been great waste in using these natural energy resource

42、s,a,32,To avoid the almost sure energy crisis in the future, some steps must be taken immediately. First, our government should make the people aware, through education, of the importance of saving energy. Second, efforts should be made in opening up new, cleaner and inexhaustible energy sources suc

43、h as solar energy, geothermal energy and nuclear energy. We have reasons to be optimistic in this respect, but we must be pessimistic if we just wait for the fossil energies to be wasted and used up,a,33,三、对比选择类,此类话题为就某一现象的利弊进行对比分析，并最终阐述自己的观点。 写作方法： 指出现象正反两面论证本人的建议 历年考题： 2011年6月 Online Shopping,a,34

44、,2011年6月 题目：Online Shopping. 提纲：1现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3我的建议 此话题密切联系生活现实，题目中的提纲已展示文章结构，考生只需依次铺陈开来。 本文宜写成三段：第一段提出网购现象，为让读者感到具体形象，最好紧接着举一些细节；第二段先指出网购的好处，再指出网购的问题，两个方面都需一些细节、略作展开；第三段简洁地提出自己的建议,a,35,Online Shopping,With the help of the ever rapid development of internet technology, online sho

45、pping is coming into fashion in most of cities. Online shopping is welcomed by most people due to various reasons. From the perspective of consumer, it can save some time for people who dont have much spare time. Just click the mouse, they can get whatever they want while staying at home. For the re

46、tailers, it can cut some costs for those who dont have much circulating funds. They dont have to rent a house and spend money on employees compared with the traditional trade mode,a,36,However, there are still some defects in online shopping. First, lake of face to face deal makes online shopping le

47、ss reliable and trustworthy. Second, people will lose the fun of bargain. It is undeniable that shopping on the internet has become an irresistible trend in modern society. Its of great urgency that we need to regulate the relative laws in accordance with the rapid growth of online shopping. Only in

48、 this way can we enjoy the pleasure and convenience of online shopping without the concern of being cheated,a,37,Exercise,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 120 words on the topic college students Social Practice. You should base your composi

49、tion on the instruction below: 近年来，一些大学生利用节假日进行社会实践。请就社会实践的好处及可能带来的副作用加以论述，并提出自己的观点和建议,a,38,分析： 可根据标题和提示，构思出如下提纲： 1.现状-导入主题 2.大学生社会实践的好处 3.大学生社会实践可能带来的副作用 4.我们的建议,a,39,Sample: College Students Social Practice Social practice has been more and more popular in universities and colleges. Students are a

50、sked to enter into the society and try to get into touch with society in order to get some idea of the society. Surely social practice has many advantages. Firstly, social practice can offer the students a chance to contact with the society and get some idea of the society, in this way the students

51、can gain some valuable social experiences which will be helpful to their future career. Secondly, the students can apply what they have learned in class to the practical work, which will make them know themselves,a,40,more clearly. Thirdly, some social practice can bring them some profit and it can

52、make them more independent of their family. However, some problems will arise if the correct guidence is not made. For example, some students get more interested in social practice and want to work the whole day and get some money, thus neglecting their study. And some students are likely to observe

53、 the society partially, which will affect their future study. In order to carry out the social practice smoothly, the students should first know their objectives. They should put their study in the first place and the social practice is just a supplement of their college study, so they ought to try

54、to strike a balance between social practice and their study,a,41,四、谚语解释分析,2011年12月 题目：Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, Quitting smo

55、king is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of times. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words,a,42,Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will,No great work can be performed without will. We envy famous men and imagine that fame was due to some trick of luck. But when we know their histories, we find that it is long years of will and constant effort that have brought about their success. Just as we cant reach the top of a mountain without climbing, we cant achieve success without will. The modern society provides