专业四级考试题型

1、1,专业四级考试的应对方法ii,2,考核运用词汇、短语、语法结构以及基本语法概念的能力, 要求能灵活正确地运用教学大纲语法大纲一至四级的全部内容, 掌握教学大纲词汇表5500-6000个认知词汇, 并能正确熟练地运用其中3000-4000个单词及其最基本的搭配,该部分一共30题, 共15分, 其中词汇和语法各占50,vocabulary 而且也可以使用陈述语气 take your raincoat in case it rains,13,12. harry read the letter again lest he _ anything important.a. should miss b.

2、have missed c. would miss d. might have missed a. in order that, indicating a positive purpose, also sometimes introduces a subjunctive clause, though it more commonly introduces a clause using the auxiliary verb may (or in the subjunctive, might): i am putting your dinner in the oven in order that

3、it (may) keep warm. he wrote it in his diary in order that he (might) remember,14,if /though /whatever /so long as /whether 引导从句 可以用动词原形，should /may (动词原形), 或陈述式 if that be the case， though everyone like you, i will not. whatever be your excuse, i will not forgive you. whether she be young or old,it

4、 is time /about time /high time + that从句: 用一般过去时 13. its time we _ our dispute.a. should settle b. settle c. settled d. ought to settle,15,but for /except for 主句可用虚拟 except for you, i should be dead by now. 14. _ your timely advice, i would never have known how to go about the work.a. unless b. but

5、for c. except d. not for b,as if /as though he walks as it he were drunk. he walks as if he is drunk,16,wish 后的宾语从句 与过去事实相反, 用过去完成时 i wish i had not attended his lecture last term. 与现在事实相反, 用一般过去时 i wish i were a little bird. 将来的愿望, 用would /could /might +动词原形 i wish something interesting would happe

6、n,if only与 wish 一样 if only i could own a bmw! if only she could have lived a little longer. if only there would be no test,17,i would rather/would sooner /would just as soon/ would prefer /might as well/ 用一般过去时或过去完成时 i would rather you kept being hard-hearted. i would rather they hadnt got married.

7、id rather she _ less on fancy clothes.a. would spend b. spent c. will spend d. spends b,18,情态动词表示的假设意义 that she should leave me was rather unthinkable. would that everyone might have a shelter. to think that their love would come to such a conclusion. he would that his boss not be so cruel,19,程式化语言

8、if need be as it were be that as it may (就算是那样) i know you dont like him, but be that as it may, you can at least be polite to him. far be it from (or for) me (我决不会) far be it from me to tell you what to do. god bless america! heaven forefend(禁止) /forbidden so be it (那就这样吧) woe betide woe betide any

9、one who arrives late,20,if 在虚拟从句中的省略: 有 had /should /were, 倒装 _ immediately, she would be able to submit the report before the deadline. a. were she acting b. were she to actc. if she acts d. if she will act b,21,非谓语动词 不定式, 分词, 动名词 1. he left the house in a hurry with the door _.a. to unlock b. unlo

10、cking c. to be unlocked d. unlocked d. 2. although _ spanish, he attended the course. a. he was knowing b. he is knowing c. having a knowledge of d. knows c. know 是静态动词，不能用于进行时。 knowledge 作“了解”讲时，前面可加 “a”，常用于词组have a knowledge of 中，所以选c,22,3. though his father never approved of _ to drama school, he

11、 later became a well-known actor.a. going b. his to go c. his going d. his go c. 用作宾语, him/his going 皆可， 但用作主语，只能用 his going 形式。 his going to drama school was to our surprise,4. this is one of the issues that deserve _.a. mentioning b. being mentioned c. to mention d. for mention a. deserve, need, r

12、equire 后动名词用主动形式表示被动，如用不定式则必须是被动形式,23,5. joseph was very lucky _ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room. a. to escape b. to have escaped c. to escaping d. to be escaping b. 不定式的完成式，表示过去的某一动作业已完成,6. i never regretted _ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay. a. not to accept b.

13、 not having accepted c. having not accepted d. not accepting d,24,like doing: habitual like to do: one time, future 7. i dont like _ bills but when i do get them i like _ them promptly.a. to get, paying b. getting, to pay c. to get, to pay d. getting, paying b. note: 在 like, love, prefer 前有 would, s

14、hould 时，只能跟不定式,25,8.thestudentsexpectedthere_morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams. a.is b.being c.havebeen d.tobe d. 动词 expect 后必须接动词不定式作其宾语,advise, allow, forbid, permit, recommend 等动词接动名词作宾语，接不定式作宾语补足语。 she doesnt allow smoking in the house, but she allows me to smoke outside. too to vs. only/

15、all too to i am only too pleased to accept your invitation,26,名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句 从属连词: that, if, whether; 连接代词: who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, what, whatever, whichever, whose; 连接副词: where, when, why, how. 从属连词只起连接作用，而连接代词和连接副词还在从句中充当一定的成分。 who will preside over the meeting is still unknown

16、. you can marry who(m) you like. the question is who will attend the party on behalf of us,27,if” cannot introduce a subject, predicative or appositive clause, or be used with “or (not)”. #if she likes the present is not clear to me. #what we want to know is if we can pass the test. #please tell me

17、if or not you agree. if or not 是错误的, 但if or not 是正确的用法 please tell me if you agree or not. #you have yet to answer my question if i can count on your help. doubt/doubtful 后的宾语从句，主句肯定，用 whether/if, 否定用 that there is no doubt that you have made the right choice. i doubt whether you have made the right

18、 choice,28,状语从句 条件状语从句: on condition that, provided that, in case, given provided that there is no objection, we will have a test now. in case he comes, let me know. should i be free tomorrow, i will come. 倒装，无连词 given (that) i am provided with another chance, i will do it again. i will come on cond

19、ition that my wife is not invited. in the event that we win, there will be a celebration. i will come if need be. if this be true, i am sorry for it. 真实条件, 正式语体,29,让步状语从句: although, while, when, (even) if, for all, whereas, whether or, regardless of whether while they are my neighbors, i dont know t

20、hem well. he walks when he might take a taxi. if she is poor, at least she is honest. if 表示让步 for all her achievements, she remains modest. he thought i was lying, whereas i was telling the truth. whether she be young or old, she will have my eternal love. student as (though可倒装也可不) he is, he knows m

21、ore about the subject than his teacher. “student” 前不要加冠词,30,时间状语从句 hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan hardly/scarcely had i left when/before the trouble started. no sooner had she agreed to marry him than she began to have serious doubts. the moment, the instant, the minute, the second, direc

22、tly, immediately 用作连词表示: as soon as each time i see you i will laugh. 1. ill let you know _ i _ the news.a. directly, hear b. directly, heard c. direct, hear d. directly, hearing a,31,2. no one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless _ very young. a. having been trained b. trained c. to be tr

23、ained d. being trained b. 在英语中, 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句中有 be 动词, 则从句中的主语和 be 动词可以省略,3. whiledrivingalongthetreacherousroad,_. a.myrightreartireblewout b.myrightreartirehadablow out c. ihadablow outonmyrightreartire d.ihadmyrightreartireblow out c,32,while/when “while” 从句中是延续的动作或状态(be, stay, wait, live

24、), 而不能是瞬时性的(get up, arrive, etc.)，即引导两个同时进行的持续时间较长的动作。 “when” 通常指一时的动作，可表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生，或先于主句动作。“as” 通常引导两个同时发生的持续时间较短的动作。 当 “when” 从句中的动词是持续性动词时, 就可以用 while. 主句和从句都为延续的，一般用while. “while” they arrived while i was sunbathing. we must strike while the iron is hot. he wrote his greatest novel while wor

25、king on a freighter,33,until/before he didnt arrive until i returned. 直到我回来时他才到达. he didnt arrive before i returned. 在我回来之前他尚未到达. it is not until that . not until 倒装,34,原因状语从句 “for” 引导的从句只说明推断的理由，只能后置 the fuel must have been run out of, for the engine stopped. in that liquids are like solids _ they

26、have a definite volume,35,其他状语从句 1. a is to b what c is to d. intellect is to the mind _ sight is to the body. 2. other than vs. rather than in no country _ britain, is has been said, can one experience four sesaons in the course of a single day. a. other than b. more than c. better than d. rather t

27、han a,3. home is home, _ ever so homely (simple and plain).a. it is b. it were c. be it d. it be c. 倒装的be的虚拟语气, 较少见, 带文学色彩,36,定语从句 当先行词是 all, 或指物的 anything, something, nothing 等不定代词时: that i will do anything that you want me to do. 先行词前有 first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no等修饰时: that this is

28、the only thing that i can do for you. 先行词前有最高级修饰时: that u.s.a. is the most powerful country that has ever existed. 在限制性定语从句中, 只有 that 才能充当定语从句中的表语. she is not the brilliant dancer that she used to be,37,as 引导定语从句，先行词一般是整个句子，位置灵活。 1. only wear such clothes _ really necessary.a. as were b. as they c.

29、as they were d. as are d. as 在从句中作主语,2. the back garden of our house contains a lawn, _ very pleasant to sit on in summer. a. which is b. which it is c. it is d. where it is a. which 引出非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，且和 sit on 构成动宾关系。 类似的句子有：this room is comfortable to live in,38,3. after _ seemed an endless wait,

30、it was her run to step into the directors office. a.it b.that c.what d.which c. 在由after 引导的介词短语中，whatseemed (tobe) 起定语作用，修饰 anendlesswait。 e.g.: isawwhatseemedtobeafox,4. the experiment requires more money than _. a. have been put in b. being put in c. has been put in d. to be put in c. than 可以作关系代词

31、, 在该从句中作主语,39,在以 therebe 为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，则关系代词 that 可省略. shakespeare is acknowledged to be the greatest writer (that) there has ever been. 5.noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccount ofeverything _goingonintheworld. a.itis b.asis c.thereis d.whatis c. 6. the reason _ im writing is to tell you

32、 about the exam.a. because b. as c. why d. for c,40,7. this company has now introduced a policy _ pay rises are related to performance at work. a. which b. where c. whether d. what b,8. _ the atlantic ocean cross the equator, the trade winds cause a flow of water to the west. a. that b. when c. wher

33、e d. though c. 9. there is one point _ id like your advice. that b. which c. where d. when c,41,倒装 句首为表示地点, 方向, 时间的状语: here, there, down, up, out, away, etc. there goes the bell. here comes the teacher. then came the teacher. up and down went the prices. 但主语为代词时不倒装: here he comes. away they went. cf

34、. away went his money,42,句首为表示地点的介词短语 on the platform stood the teacher. to the list may be added the following names,部分倒装 句首状语表示否定含义： seldom, never, hardly, scarcely, little, by no means, on no account, in vain under no circumstance should one commit suicide. scarcely _ such a moving novel.a. have

35、i ever read b. i have ever read c. i read d. read i a,43,only 在句首, 主句倒装: only after marriage did she find that she made a serious mistake. 1. only when _ special permission, _ in pencil.a. are you given, you may writeb. you are given, you may write c. are you given, may you writed. you are given, ma

36、y you write not only but also not only does he sing, he also composes,句首为 so, nor, neither “john is very clever.”“so is he.” “so he is.,44,3.justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,_the atmosphere. a.asitis b.sois c.thesameas d.andsois b. justas.，so.为一固定结构，意为“正如，也,结果状语从句中so 在句首： 2. so badly _ in the car acci

37、dent that he had to stay in hospital for a few months. a. did he injure b. injured him c. was he injured d. he was injured c,45,表示频率的副词在句首: often, once, many a time, etc. many a time did i come back home in the dream. 表示方式的部分副词 luckily would i earn more money by trading stocks,否定形式的宾语提前 not a single

38、 word did he speak. cf. this problem we have examined in chapter 3,well 在句首 well do i remember the day when it happened,46,than 从句 i spend more than do my friends. western nebraska generally receives less snow than _ eastern nebraska. a. in b. it receives in c. does d. it does in c,47,一致 集体名词作主语，如指整

39、体概念用单数，否则用复数。 1. the committee _ already held _ first meeting of the year.a. have, its b. has, its c. has, their d. used to, its b. cf. the committee disagree on this point. 学科名称和疾病名称用单数。 statistics is useful. cf. statistics show that the economy is turning good,48,单复数同形的名词主语，根据意思: deer, fish, sheep

40、, species, series, works, crossroads, headquarters various means of transport are introduced in this article. the means of paying via the internet is to be regulated. 2. a series of panel _ scheduled for the convention.a. discussion is b. discussions are c. discussions is d. discussion are,表示时间，距离，度

41、量，价值的复数名词主语如表示抽象概念，被视为整体，用单数。如表示具体的多少，用复数。 ten minutes is enough. there are ten minutes between each session,b,49,with, along with, together with, as well as, as much as, besides, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, but the teacher, as well as the students, is excited. the boss, rather than

42、 his employees, is to blame. 3. the captain, _ the other players, _ tired.a. as well as, was b. and ,was c. as well as, were d. except, were a. 4. bread and butter _ the favorite of westerners. a. is b. are c. were d. be a. cf. the teacher and writer has given a speech,50,5. _ to return to the easy

43、days of the past.a. many a college teacher wishes b. many a college student wish c. many a college students wish a. “many a” 单数形式复数意义 “and”连接的两个单数名词均有“each”, “every”, “many a”, “no” 修饰时用单数。 many a boy and many a girl has attended the class. 6. neither his secular music nor his religious compositions

44、 _ to the public. a. appeal b. appealing c. to appeal d. appeals a,51,none 作主语，代表u.n., 用单数，代表c.n., 用单复数皆可。 one and a half 用单复数皆可。 one and a half years has/have passed. 但 a year and a half has passed. half of 接复数名词用复数，接单数名词用单数。 more than one 用单数 more than one person has been involved. 但 more persons

45、than one have been involved. 用复数 动词不定式，动名词，从句作主语, 动词一般用单数,52,情态动词 情态动词+动词完成式的结构：对过去的行为或动作的猜测或评论,53,1. toms score on the test is the highest in the class; he _ hard last week. a. should study b. might have studied c. must have studied d. must study c. must + have + ed: 对过去的肯定推测. must + 动词原形：对现在的肯定推测.

46、 2. i am sure susan was quite all right. she _ as ill as all that.a. mustnt have been b. might not have beenc. shouldnt have been d. cant have been d. can/could not + have +ed 否定或疑问句: 对发生的事否定或怀疑,54,3. “she must be in the dormitory now.”“no, she _ be there. i saw her in the classroom a minute ago.a.

47、mustnt b. cant c. may not d. would have not b. 4. the windshield is wet. it _ rained while we were in the caf.a. might have b. must have c. should have d. can have b. it must have rained while we were in the caf, for the windshield is wet. 不能用 because,55,5. you _ very careful with the experiment; i

48、did tell you not to spill any of the liquid.a. ought to be b. must have beenc. should have been d. can have,must, have to, ought to, should must (speakers authority) pianist to a pupil: you must practice at least an hour a day. have to (external authority) the pupil to a friend: i have to practice a

49、t least an hour a day. should/ought to: good sense a friend to the pupil: you should/ought to practice at least an hour a day,c,56,将来时,1. she _ your proposal next time you _ it to her.a. is going to consider, present b. will consider, are to presentc. will consider, will present d. will consider, pr

50、esent d. will: the speakers opinions, assumptions, speculations, beliefs about the future event 2. “it looks like rain.” “i _ an umbrella with me.”a. am going to take b. will take c. am to take d. take b. be going to: having made decisions,57,3. at ford, our young designers make sure that our custom

51、ers _ what they want. a. will get b. get c. are going to get d. are to get b. make sure 后接的从句用一般现在时表示将来 cf.: ensure will get,the telephone is ringing. i will answer it. 不能用 i am going to answer it,58,tag question 1. im to blame, _?a. arent i b. am i c. am not i d. dont i a. 习惯用法，am not i 太正式，对话中一般不用

52、。 2. i dont suppose hes able to handle the case, _?a. isnt he b. do i c. is he d. dont i c. cf. you dont think hes able to handle the case, _? do you,59,3. there used to be a park here _?didnt /usednt there 4. i wish , may i? 5. anything/everything/nothing/something: it 6. anyone/everyone/no one/som

53、ebody/nobody: they,60,7. open a window, _ would you /will you/ wont you/ could you/ can you/ cant you? 当主句为祈使句时, 后面的“附加疑问句”只是表示 “请”的意思, 并不是真正的附加疑问句。 在祈使句为否定时, 通常用will you? post this letter for me, can you? dont forget, will you? you have had an accident, have you? 罕见的陈述句是肯定, 附加疑问句也是肯定, 表示 “说话人通过推断或回

54、忆对已经说过的情况得出了结论.” so he likes his job, does he,61,62,常用语法术语 absolute construction 独立主格 adjunct 修饰性状语 adverbial 状语 adverbial clause of 状语从句 antecedent 先行词 anticipatory “it” 先行 “it” antonym 反义词 appositive 同位语 attribute 定语 attributive clause 定语从句 auxiliary 助动词,63,bare infinitive 不带to的不定式 cleft sentence

55、分裂句、强调句 command/imperative sentence 祈使句 complementation 补足成分 conjunct 连接性状语 coordinator 并列连词 correlative coordinator 关联并列连词 direct object ditransitive verb 双宾语及物动词 double genitive 双重属格 finite clause 限定分句,64,finite verb fronting 前置 gerund 动名词 inversion 倒装 nominal clause 名词性从句 non-restrictive relative

56、 clause 非限制性关系从句 object complement 宾语补足语 past perfective progressive 过去完成进行体 possessive case 所有格 postmodifier 后置修饰语 predicate 谓语 predicative 表语,65,relative determiner 关系限定词 subject complement 主语补语 subjunctive mood word class 词类,句子成分题 which of the following italicized parts is used as an object? a. w

57、hat do you think has happened to her? b. who do you think the visiting professor is? c. how much do you think he earns every month? d. how quickly would you say he would come? c,66,2. which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause? a. we are quite certain that he will get there in time.

58、 b. he has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year. c. she said that she had seen the man earlier that day. d. it is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days,3. which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation? a. mr. smiths passport

59、 has been issued. b. the visitors arrival was reported in the news. c. johns travel details have not been finalized. d. the bookstore sells childrens stories,d,b,67,4. which of the following italicized phrases indicate cause? a. why dont you do it for the sake of your friends? b. i wish i could write as well as you. c. for all his efforts, he did not get an a. d. her eyes were red from excessive reading. d. 5. in “he would often discuss things with me, as