2013理工职称英语新增内容word版本

1、.第十一篇When our Eyes Serve our StomachOur senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world;theyre affected by whats going on in otir heads, A new study finds that hungry people see food-related wordsmore clearly than people whove just eaten.Psychologists have known for decades

2、 that whats going on,inside our head affects our senses.For example,poorer cliildren think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter, Remi Radel of University of Nice Sopbia-Antipolis, France, wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right aw

3、ay as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brains high-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index.On the day of his or her rest,each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating

4、. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes;others were given an hour to get lunch first.So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.For the experiment,the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one ,

5、80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word , eachperson was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words theyd

6、seen -a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food-related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably

7、seen, this means that the difference is in perception not in thinking processes,Radel says.This is something great to me, Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment,1 know that our brain can really be at the disposal of 6 our motives and needs , Radel says

8、.1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find?A Hungry people see every word more clearly than ordinary people.B Hungry people are always thinking of food-related words.C Hungrypeople are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.D Hungry people do not have lower-leve

9、l of thinking process.2. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?A Because hungry people needed time to fill their stomachB Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees,hungry and non-hungry.C Because noon was not the right time for any experiment.D Because Radel needed time to se

10、lect participants in terms of body mass index.3. What does the writer want to tell us?A Humans senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world.B Whats perceived by our senses affects onr way of thinkingC Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs.D

11、Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses4. What did the results of the experiment indicate?A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceiveB Hungry people were better at identifying neutral wordsC People who bad just eaten were better at

12、identifying food-related wordsD The participants could barely perceive what they needed or wbat they strived for.5. What can we infer from the passage?A 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation.B An experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliableC Our thi

13、nking proeesses are independent of our sensesD Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes.词汇：threshold n. 起点，开端；门槛 disposal n. 处理，处置：配置neutral adj.中性的；中立的 motive n. 动机，目的strive v. 努力.力求：斗争注释：1、 Our senses arent just delivering a strict view of in our heads ：这个

14、句子的大概意思是：我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界；五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响2.university of Nice Sophia-Antipolis ：法国尼斯 索菲亚 安提波利斯大学简称尼斯大学1965年经法国政令正式宣布成立。尼斯大学在尼斯市设有7 处主校园，另外，还在萦菲亚 ，安提波利斯市( Sophia Antipolis) 、戛纳市( Cannes) 和芒东市( Menton) 设有校区。索菲亚 安提波利斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区，是许多高等学府的所在地3.body mass index ：身体质量指数4.at the threshold of：当快要开始时5.in per

15、ception ：感知6.at the disposalof：受到的控制答案：1.C 第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。饥肠辘辘的人只是看food-related words 比较清楚.选项C 的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致，是答案。选项A 说的是every word.所以不是答案。选项B 和D 文章中没有提到2. B 答案的根据可在第三段找到。Radel为了保证42 名学生到达实验室时是空腹，所以要求他们中午到达。然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了，请他们10 分钟后再来。他又请另外一部分学生用午餐。Radel用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者，即饥饿组与饱食组。选项B 是答案3.C 虽然A、B、D

16、 选项均可在文中找到对应部分，但只属于细节.而非主旨，因此不能选。本文最后一句给出了直接的答案4.A 第四段第三行中consciously 与A 项中的intentionally 是同义词。B 项neutral 意思为“ 中性的” 在本文中的意思是与food-relatad 相对的，即“与食物不相关的” 因此是错误选择：C项不符合课文原意；D项barely 意为“仅仅，勉强，几乎没有” 因此也不符合句意5.D 选项A 所说的实验样本的大小与本题主旨无关，不是答案，而是干扰项；B、C 内容也不能直接从短文中推断出来。选项D 是答案. 最后一段第二句的“Humans an really perce

17、ive what they need or what they strive for”为选择D 项提供了依据第十九篇 Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener ExperienceShimi,a musical companion developed by Georgia Techs Center for Music Technology, recommends songs,dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback. The smartphone-

18、enableds ,one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive musical friendShimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music, said Professor Gil Weinberg , the robots creator. He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of thr

19、ee Shimi robots will perform for guests ,dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movementsShimi is essentially a docking station with abrain powered by an Android phone. Once docked the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobil

20、e device. In other words, if theres an app for that, Shimi is ready. For instance, by using the phones camera and face-detecting software, Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its ears , or speakers,for optimal sound. Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If t

21、he user taps a beat Shimi analyzes it,scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestions. Once the music starts, Shimi dances to the rbythmMany people think that robots are limited by their programming instructioms, said Music Technology Ph. D. candidat

22、e Mason Bretan, Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive. Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. The robot will also have the capability to r

23、ecommend new music based on the users song choices and provide feedback on the music play listWeinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimis reative and interactive capabilities. I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in ho

24、mes. Weinberg saidWeinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement will Georgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machin

25、es- small,entertaining and fun, Weinberg said. They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs?A Shimi is a one-foot tall robot.B Shimi is the creator of the musical companionC S

26、himi is a docking station with abrainpowered by an Android phone.D Shimi can gain tbe sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device2.What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat?A It stores the beat in the musical library.B It transmits the beat to the docking stationC It Posi

27、tions its speakers for optimal soundD It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with alat beat.3. Which of the following about Shimi is true?A Robots are limited by their programming instructions ,and Shimi is no exceptionB Present apps allow the user to shake their head to alert Shim

28、i to skip to the next songC Existing apps allow the user to wave a band to alert Shimi to turn up/down the volumeD Shimi can be creative and interactive4. What does the author want to tell us?A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile ShimiB Weinberg only expects staffs from G

29、eorgia Tech. to develop more apps for ShimiC Shimi is not yet technologically ready for commercializationD Robots such as Shimi are created for large corporations rather than homes5. Which of the following is Weinbergs assertion?A Shimi as a robotic musical companion can be applied to all types of s

30、mart phonesB human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homesC Shimis creative and interactive capabilities are appreciated by most of its usersD Weinberg has reached an agreement with Georgia Tech to commercialize Shimi词汇:pump v. 用抽水机抽：不断播放(音乐） scan v. 扫描；浏览 sync n. 同步，

31、同时；iv. 使同步 skip v. 轻跳，跳跃 tempo n. 速度；节奏注释：1 . Georgia Tech ：全称是Georgia Institute of Technology ，佐治亚理工学院，建于1885 年，位于亚特兰大市中心。佐治亚理工学院是美国南部最大的公立理工学院，也是全美最顶尖的理工学院之一 排名仅次于麻省理工学院(MTT) 和加州理工学院( CalTech)2. pump ：不断播放(音乐 ) 。例如：This radio station recently pumps out pop music. ( 这家广播电台近来连续播放流行音乐3. smartphone-en

32、abled：由智能手机系统支持的4. is billed as ：相当于is advertised as ,意为“被标榜为”5. docking station：插接站，扩充基座，扩展插口6. Android：(科幻小说里的)机器人。本文指用于智能手机和便携式计算机移动设备的一种以Linus 为基础的开放源代码操作系统，通过接口和插槽连接多种外部设备。目前Android尚未有统一中文译名, 国内较多人翻译成“安卓”或”安致”。据2012年2月数据，Android占据全球智能手机操作系统市场52.5%的份额，中国市场占有率为68.4%7. dock ： 对接8. the sensing and

33、musical generation capabilities ：传感和音乐生成能力9. app：应用程序( =application)10. if the user taps a beat ：如果用户打出某个( 音乐) 拍11 .in the works：正在准备阶段：在进行中或准备中12. intelligent service robots ：智能服务型机器人答案：1.B 在前三段中均可找到与选项A、C、D 相应的句子，强调Shimi是一种电子设备；B 与原文不符，Shimi不是该机器人的发明者，Gi1 Weinberg 教授才是the robots creator2.D 选项D 简要地

34、表述了第三段的倒数第二句“If the user taps a beat，Shimi analyzes it， scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion”的意思，所以是答案。选项A、B、C 都不符合上述句子的含义3.D 选项A 的意思与原文相反，虽然人们认为机器人受到程序指令的限制，但Shimi 却表现出具有创造能力和互动能力，所以A 不是答案。选项D 的意思与原文相同. 因而是答案。第四段第三句指的是未来的应用程序：future apps i

35、n the works，而选项B，C 是指目前的应用程序，两者的表述均与原文有出入。4.A 第三段介绍Shimi的多种功能，第四段和第五段说Weinberg 还在开发更多的应用程序来丰富Shimi 的功能，还希望其他研发者也参与开发，因此，A 是答案。选项B 说Weinberg仅仅希望Georgia Tech 员工参与开发更多的应用软件.这与原文不符。文章最后一段告诉我们，Weinberg 正在与Georgia Tech 进行有关Shimi 商业化的谈判. 选项C 的意思与此相反，不会是答案。选项D 也与原文不符。5. B 选项A、C 和D 的内容Weinberg 都没有说过。第三段告诉我们，

36、Shimi是Android smart phone 的扩充基座，并不适用于所有智能手机，所以A 选项不正确；sShimi 尚未进人市场，还谈不上公众对Shimi 欣赏与否的问题，因此选项C 不符合原意；Shimi正在进行商业化运作，但绝非已经完成，所以D 也不是正确选项。本题的答案是B 依据是最后一段倒数第二句。第四十八篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking UprightMost of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple a

37、ctivities that the majority of us dont question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GWs Columbian College of Arts and Sciences have discovered that human walking upright , may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce,high-quality re

38、sources. The team of researchers from the U. S.,England,Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources, in an effort to understand what ecologieal settings would lead a large ape - one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we share

39、d in common with living chimpanzees - to walk on two legs。These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, said Dr. RichmondThe research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of f

40、our in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.Over time,intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where compe

41、tition for food or other resources was strongTwo studies were conducted by the team in Guinea, The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto Universitys outdoor laboratory in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two di

42、fferent types of nutthe oil palm nut,which is naturally widely available,and the coula nut,which is not.The chimpanzees behavior was monitored in three situations : (a) when only oil palm nuts were available ,(b) when a small number of coula nuts were available, and (c) wbem coula nuts were tbe majo

43、rity available resourceWhen the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-pr

44、ized resource and competed for them more intenselyIn such high-competition settings, the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource ,but also

45、that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available - even their mouthsThe second study , by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rate an

46、d unpredictable resources. Here ,35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement,and once again , this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time1.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two pa

47、ragraphs? A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.B Chimpanzees behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs. C Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources. D Our ancestors ecological conditions resembled those of mode

48、rn-day chimpanzees. 2. Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding。 A when humans began walking on two legs B What made our ancestors walk upright. C what benefits walking upright brought to our ancestors。 D how walking upright helped chimpanzees monopolize resources 3. Kyoto,U

49、niversitrys study discovered that chimpanzees A regarded both types of nut as priced resources。 B preferred oil palm nuts to coula nuts。 C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts。 D ignored both types of nut altogether。 4. Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto Universitys experim

50、ent?A Because they imitated the humnan way of walking just for fun。B Because they wanted to please the researchers to get more coula nuts from them。C Because they wanted to get to the nut-rich forest faster-by walking that way。D Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.5. What can

51、we infer from the reading passage?A Chimpanzees are in the same process of evolution as our ancestors were.B Chimpanzees are similar to humans in many behaviors.C Walking on two limbs and walking on four limbs each have their advantagesD Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.词汇：

52、scarce adj. 缺乏的，不足的;稀有的 bipedal adj. 二足的 chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩 anatomical adj. 解剖的 coula nuts( coula 也可写作cola 或kola) 可乐果注释：1.GWs Columbian College of Arts and Sciences ：乔治华盛顿大学哥伦比亚艺术与科学学院。乔治 华盛顿大学( George Washington Univerity ) 的英文简称为GW ，是美国顶尖的私立大学之一，于1821年建校，位于美国首都华盛顿。2. ecological settings ：生态环境3. bip

53、edal activity ：双足活动4. anatomical change ：解剖学上的变化5. Kyoto University ：京都大学，是继东京大学之后成立的日本第二所国立大学，于1897 年建校。 京都大学主要校区位于日本历史名城京都市6. Bossou ：博苏，几内亚的一个地名。博苏森林生活着黑猩猩群落7. oil palm nut：油棕榈坚果8. increased by a factor of four ：增加了四倍9. in one go：一口气10. Oxford Brookes University ：牛津布鲁克斯大学，创立于1865 年，是英国最具特色的综合性大学之

54、一。牛津布鲁克斯大学位于世界学术名城牛津。这里学风浓郁、精英荟萃，历来为求学圣地答案：1.A 第一段第一句和第二句说明，大多数人对人类直立行走习以为常，并不质疑这种习惯。而A 的内容正好与此相反，所以是答案。其他选项所述内容均可从第一段和第二段推断出来2.B 文章报道，科学家通过实验证实黑猩猩直立行走是为了*前肢，让前肢搬运对其生命至关重要的资源，从而推断出人类祖先也经历了从四足到二足的进化过程。科学家想通过对黑猩猩的实验解释人类直立行走的成因。所以B 是答案，A 、C、D 选项不是科学家进行研究的目的3. C 第五段明白无误地描述了黑猩猩全然不顾油棕榈坚果(ignord the oil pa

55、lm nuts altogether ) ，集中精力抢运可乐果。所以C 是答案，B 、C 、D 的内容不符合文章原意4.D 黑猩猩用后肢直立行走，搬运资源的效率提高了四倍。选项D 符合原意，是答案。选项A、B 、C 的内容文章中没有提到，所以不是答案。5. D 了解了通篇文章的意思，就会选择选项D，人类直立行走是受生态环境所迫，是人类生存的一种手段.直立行走是自然选择的结果。选项A 和C 的内容文章中没有涉及. 文章中有选项B 的内容，但它不是文章的主旨。第三篇 Giant StructuresIt is an impossible task to select the most amazin

56、g wonders of the modern world since every year more(1) constructions appear. Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our(2)although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders。The Petronas Twin TowersThe Petronas Towers were the callest buildings in the world when they were

57、completed in1999, With a(3) of 452 metres,the tall twin towers,like two thin pencils,dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur, At the 41th floor, the towees are linked by a bridge,symbolizing a gateway to the city. The American(4) Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapersConstructed of high-strength concrete, t

58、he building provides around 1800 square metres of office space(5) every floor. And it has a shopping centre and a concert ball at the base.Other(6)of this impressive building include double-decker lifts, and glass and steel Sunshades.The MiUau BridgeThe Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tam Valley，in southern France. _7_ the time it was b