高中英语虚拟语气精讲含近几年高考题.ppt

1、The Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气,在英语中随着说话人意图的不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。英语语气有三种,语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度,祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。 Please be careful. 请细心点,陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 There are two sides to every question,虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事

2、实相反的愿望,If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行,May you succeed! 祝您成功,I wish you were more careful. 但愿你更细心些,虚拟语气的应用,A. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 B. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用 C. 虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用,A. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用,条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。 如果假设的情况与事实相反，或根本不可能实现，或发生的可能性很小，就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。两种条件句的谓语动词形式各不相同。真实条件句用陈

3、述语气的动词形式，而非真实条件句用虚拟语气的动词形式,与事实相反,1) If he has time,he will go shopping tonight,2) If I had time,I would visit you,与现在事实相反,did,be-were,should/would/could/might + do,如果我是你，我会更加努力学习英语,If I were you, I would study English harder,If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic,如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了,与过去事实相

4、反,had done,should/would/might/could +have +done,如果昨天你在这儿，就什么事都不会发生了,If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened,如果我早到一点的话，我就会赶上那辆公共汽车了,If I had got there earlier, I would have caught the bus,与将来事实相反,Did/ were,should do,were to do,should/would/could/might +do,表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一

5、般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形,明天要是周日的话，我们就不参加考试了,If it should fail, I would try again,要是失败了，我会再试一次,If it were Sunday tomorrow, we wouldnt have an exam,过去式(be用 were,would(should, could,might)+do,had+done,would(should, could,might)+ have done,1.过去式/were 2.sh

6、ould +do 3.were to+do,would (should, could, might) +do,含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如果有had, should, were可以将if 省略，再将句子的主语和谓语实行部分倒装,注意一,eg: If it should be fine,we would go for an outing,Should it be fine, we would go for an outing,eg: If they had had time, they would have come and helped us,Had they had time, they

7、 would have come and helped us,If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off,Were it to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off,Exercises: 1. I _ (come) too if I had time to spare. 2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ (come), she would have met my brother

8、. 3. If the hurricane had happened during the daytime, there _ (be) more deaths,should/would come,had come,would have been,4.If it _ _ (rain) tomorrow, we _(not go out). 5._(be) I in good health, I _ (go) with you tomorrow,rained/ should rain/ were to rain,would not go out,Were,would/should go,当条件状语

9、从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整,注意二,如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了,If he had set out earlier, he would be home now,假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好的多,You would be much better now if you had taken my advice,B. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用,1、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法,It is desired （suggested requested, ordered, demanded) + that

10、; It is strange (necessary, possible, important,natural) +that; It is a pity ( no wonder) + that 等结构后的主语从句中的谓语动词用should +动词原形，should常被省略,例: It is desired that we(should) get everything ready by tonight,他那样说话，令人吃惊,It is strange that he(should) say so,真遗憾，你失去了这么好的机会,It has been decided that the sports

11、 meet(should)be put off till next month,已经决定了把运动会推迟至下个月,It is a pity that you(should) miss a good chance,高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要,It is necessary that a high school student should master a foreign language,2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,1） 在表示提议、要求、命令、决定等动词如suggest, command, require, request, demand, propose, insist, order等

12、）后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”。Should常被省略,一个坚持（insist）, 两个命令（order, command）, 三个建议（ suggest, advise, propose）, 四个要求（ ask,demand request, require,They proposed that the prize (should) be given to our monitor,他们建议把奖品给我们的班长,I insist that he give me my money back,我要求他把钱退给我,eg: He ordered that the medicine

13、(should) be sent by a special plane,他命令用专机送药品,He insisted that he was not a thief and that he be set free,Her pale face suggested she was ill,注意：若insist表示“坚持说”，suggest 表示“表明了，暗示了”，后面是宾语从句用陈述语气,他命令用专机送药品,I wish it would rain tomorrow,2）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that,1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：

14、从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用were,我希望知道这个问题的答案,I wish I knew the answer to the question,I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around,2）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had过去分词”或“would, could, might +have done”,我真希望没花那么多钱,I wish I hadnt spent so much money,他真希望没有失去那机会,He wishes he had not lost the chance,例: I wish

15、 I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have slept B. slept C. may have slept D. have slept,本题后半句谓语动词是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案,3）表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为“would/should/could/might 动词原形,但愿雨能很快停止,I wish it would stop raining

16、soon,但愿你能立刻来,I wish you could come soon,Exercises,The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he would have another chance,I wish I had learned more,我多希望我像你一样强壮。 我多希望我以前多学一些。 最后一次机会他也失去了，他多么希望他能再有一次机会啊,I wish I were as strong as you,3） 在主语would rather that 宾语从句中，从句谓语用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,I wo

17、uld rather they went with me,They would rather go with me,I would rather we had the exam tomorrow,I would rather nothing had happened last night,3.虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法,在suggestion, proposal, order, idea, news, request,advice, demand, plan 等名词后面的表语从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should常省略,My suggestion is that we

18、 (should) do the experiment again,My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it,My suggestion that we (should) do the experiment again is accepted by them,由as if,as though 引导的状语从句和表语从句时，从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或“had过去分词”。(和虚拟条件谓语动词形式一样,4、as if,as though在状语从句和表语从句的用法,He behaves as if he o

19、wned the house,But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.,eg: He treats me as if I were a stranger,eg: She talked about the film as if she had really seen it,It seems _ it _ already summer,看起来好象到夏天了,as if,were,他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的,她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样,He spea

20、ks English as if he were an Englishman,他说起英语来好像他是个英国人似的,They talked about the city as if they had been there before,他们谈论那座城市好像他们以前真去过那儿似的,注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气,6. It is strange that he _ (make) such a mistake. Thats unexpected. 7. It was required that each student _ (bring) enough foo

21、d on the trip. 8. My demand is that you _ (get )up at six. 9. He speaks as if he _(be) an Englishman. 10. They talked as if they _ (be) good friends for years,should make,bring,should) get,were,had been,C. 虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用,在It is (high) time (that)的句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式常用过去式或should动词原形（should不能省略），表示“现在该,我们该走了

22、,It is time we left/ should leave,Its the first time that I have been here,1、在It is (high) time (that)的句型中,if only表示一种假设情况，意思是“要是就好了”，相当于主语wish,要是今天是星期天就好了,If only it were Sunday today,要是我没有丢掉我的车就好了,If only I _my car,hadnt lost,2、在If only 的句型中,What would you do with a million dollars?=if you had a m

23、illion dollars,We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (if we hadnt got your help) But for rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain), we would have finished the work,3. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。 如,with, without, but for等,I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports

24、 meet.（副词,He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（连词,4. 含蓄条件句 用其它形式代替条件句,Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格结构,A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定语从句,If it were not for

25、 the rain, the crops would die,If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time,5.If it were not for If it had not been for 若不是的话,May you succeed,May you be always happy,6. 用于“may动词原形”表示“祝愿”， may须置于句首,May happiness be always with you! Many happy returns to you! Long

26、live Chairman Mao,It would be better for you not to do that,Would you be so kind as to show me the way to the railway station,7. 表示委婉语气的句型中,E.Exercises,8.（安徽卷）It is lucky we booked a room, or we _nowhere to stay now. A. had B. had had C. would haveD. would have had,9.（江苏卷） It might have saved me muc

27、h trouble_ the schedule. A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known 10.(重庆卷)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway_ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.Didnt write B. hadnt written C. wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written,13. If we _ a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here

28、 in a queue. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked 14. -Do you think George has passed the driving test? -No. If so, he _ his car to our college yesterday. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven,答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：如果我们早点订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里站着排队了。可知if从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态,答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟

29、语气。根据句意，如果这样的话（乔治已经通过驾照考试），他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对过去的虚拟。If so= If he had passed the driving test，主句使用情态动词+ have done。故答案选C,15. I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought 16. My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should

30、 B. might C. could D. would,答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。此处为if虚拟条件句，其主句使用的是should have done，可知是对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟,答案】A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为suggest，表示建议，其后所接的名词性从句应用“（should+）动词原形”的虚拟语气，故选A,17. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he _ able to speak it much better now. will be B. woul

31、d be C. has been D. would have been 18. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old. A. was B. be C. were D. is,答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。此题为if虚拟条件句，从句时间为before，故是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态，主句时间为now，故是对现在的虚拟，因此用情态动词过去式后接动词原形，答案为B,答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为recommend，表示“推荐，建议”，后接宾语从句时应用（sh

32、ould+）动词原形的虚拟语气，此处省去了should，故答案为B,19. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella. - Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _ . hadnt B. havent C. didnt D. dont 20. I _ to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available A. went B. had gone C. would go D. wou

33、ld have gone,答案】A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句主句从句均为对过去的虚拟，if从句使用过去完成时态，故选A,答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：昨晚我本想要去参加我表亲的生日聚会，但我没空。选项中能表示对过去虚拟的只有D答案：用情态动词过去式后加have done表示,考链接2012,2012福建】31. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday. A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D.

34、would have visited 【答案】D,考链接2012,2012陕西】17. If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be 【答案】B,考链接2012,2012山东】30. If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent made B. wou

35、ldnt make C. didnt make D. hadnt made 【答案】D,考链接2012,2012湖南】29. Sorry，I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 【答案】D,考链接2012,2012天津】15. We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _ us a ride home. A. didnt offer B. wouldnt

36、 offer C. hasnt offered D. hadnt offered 【答案】D,考链接2012,2012辽宁】33. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking. A. will do B. has done C. do D. did 【答案】D,考链接2012,2012浙江】19. Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts. A. may have B. could have C.

37、must have had D. might have had 【答案】D,1.（2011全国）32. They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A. will B. can C. must D. should,考链接2011,2.(2011北京)24.I dont really like James. Why did you invite him? Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were A. must not B.

38、need not C. would not D. might not,3.(2011北京)28. Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they always late. A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been,4.(2011北京)30. Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A.

39、 studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying,5.（2011上海）28. I _ worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes. A. cant B. mustnt C. darent D. neednt,6.(2011天津)15. I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would

40、 have come,7.(2011重庆)25.Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I want to ,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night. A. could B. might C. would D. should,8.（2011四川）20. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they . A. can B. may C. must D. should,9.(2011陕

41、西)22.I_through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone,10.(2011陕西)24.Will you read me a story ,Mummy? -OK.You_have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall,11.（2011湖南）28. -No one _ be compared wit

42、h Yao Ming in playing basketball. -Oh, you are really his big fan. A. can B. need C. must D. might,12.（2011福建）25. Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _,in case he comes late for the meeting. A. will B. must C. may D. can,13.（2011福建）34. Pity you missed the lect

43、ure on nuclear pollution. I_ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended,14.（2011辽宁）21. If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. A. can B. may C. must D. will,15.(2011江苏)34. I left my handbag on the train, but luckil

44、y someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _it. A.will have stolen B.might have stolen C.should have stolen D.must have stolen,16.（2011浙江）11. - Hows your new babysitter? - We _ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. A. should B. might C. m

45、ustnt D. couldnt,17.（2011江西）23.It _ be the postman at the door, Its only six oclock. A. mustnt B.cant C.wont D.neddnt,18.（2011江西）28.We _Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury A.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put,19.（2011全国II）8. If you _ smoke, please go

46、 outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may,1.(2010全国卷I 29). Just be patient .You_ expect the world to change so soon. A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not,2.(2010全国卷II 17). Im afraid Mr.Harding _ see you now . hes busy. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt,3.(2010安徽卷32). Jack descried his fath

47、er, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been,4.(2010北京卷23). Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can,5.(2010北京卷34

48、). The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died,6.(2010福建卷29).Teachers recommend parents their children under 12to ride bicycles to school for safety. A. n

49、ot allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow,7.(2010湖南卷29). If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow,8.(2010湖南卷23). You_ buy a gift , but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to,9.(2010江苏卷25). I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subje