学术写作中常用高级用词替换

1、. 常用词的学术替换 动词替换： 1.Improve 提高：promote the trade between A and C; He was promoted to AC之间的贸易Promote: 促进. senior manager in this companyvastly) Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably(非常的，可换做advanced. has enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他的名望Enhance: the publicity 改变：2.change the 。

2、说到人口变化：Transform:多指改头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容slight changeindustry local and structure of landscape increasing population has transformed the 人口剧增改变了小镇的景色以及当地的工业结构structure. 强调：3.Emphasize local) plants 可以换作Highlight：the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native(and insects. Stress: He stresses th

3、e need for parents to listen to their children. . Accentuate: the crisis accentuates the gap between rich and poor是告诉人们重点，因而能够让别人注意，类似highlight(highlight and emphasize 的区别：则和stress于老师勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。而) 差不多emphasize 培养：4.Developcultivate a more relaxed and positive way ；培养情操；Cultiva

4、te: cultivate the ability of towards life. the sea nutures ample marine animals. ）养育，同样可以指培养人才（talentsNurture: 破坏：5.Break impair ability; 主要是破坏能力，莫乱用。Impair：这个词也是指的是抽象意义上的破坏，有逐渐削弱之意，重点是循序渐进的过Undermine 程。Undermine ones ability/confidence/authority/position/credibilitythe 不能乱用，破坏的东西要上一定的等级才能配上此词。比如Jeo

5、pardize Jeopardize: process of peace.破坏和平进程. city特指毁灭、蹂躏 the earthquake devastated the whole Devastate 保存6.Keep 这个词用在保护具，protectprotectPreserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用 体的东西。 7.deal With解决Tackle: tackle the problem. 比较正来自拉丁语，/problem/issue/crisis危机；/conflictResolve: resolve dispute争论冲突 式。 需要8.need x

6、xx requires courage and confidence. ：Require 用法不简单，没有摸透。Necessitate: （这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个【我不晓得奥巴马咋个用的，原帖是这样call for;. . 一样的用法：跟need说的，并且call for也挺正式的】） 形容词替换： 普遍的1.Everywhere 随便用Widespread: Drug abuse is especially prevalent among teenagers. ：Prevalentthe garden is overflew with colors of flowers. ：泛

7、滥 Overflow Rampant: 特指有害的东西泛滥，比如疾病，犯罪等，并且难于控制。 H1n1 Virus is rampant in the world.甲流世界泛滥 2.Good 好的（太多了） Impressive, glorious, amazing, brilliant, incredible, attractivethe drug is beneficial to the immune system. detrimental）Beneficial（反义词： Advantageous industry：优势产业Advantageous: 特指有益的。 3.Harmful 有害

8、的Unfavorable, horrible, disgusting Inhumane: 没人性的.) joblousy (Im fed up with the lousy severe (severe problem, illness, injuries.) their performance is abysmal.) 低谷：abysmal(. healthDetrimental: smoking is detrimental to your ，完全诘屈聱牙。“邪恶”Baneful: 现阶段用不到，文学作品里面的 富有的4.Rich ample 、AffluentWealthy) ！Ther

9、e are a myriad of stars in the Milky Way. (银河系好多星星啊！ 贫穷的5.Poor The great depression had impoverished many third world （动词表示使贫穷： Impoverishedan impoverished student. countries.） 7.Serious 严重的Severe 8.Obvious 明显的; Adv. Manifestly .e.g. a manifestly unfair Manifest: a manifest error judge明显判断失误system.

10、Evident 、Apparent 显然不可能的事。Patent: patent impossibilities. 便宜的9.cheap economically affordable 而不是单纯指某物便宜。经济适用房：经济的，Economical：不浪费， housing。Inexpensive=cheap Reasonable price ：价格合理的。Reasonable ：能够支付的。Affordable 名词替换： 1.Forefather 祖先Predecessor 、Ancestor 不同2.Differencevery common use in CET-4/6 generat

11、ion gapGap（简单但是牛）沟，;. . 里面的 intolerance (TBBTallergy and foodDistinction: sharp/clear distinction between ) rash哈哈。，一吃peanuts就会肿，长荨麻疹Howard就有lactose intolerance”heal the schism between clinical “填平两个分支学科之间的分歧再想牛就用schism。比如) 有本书就叫这个。medicine and public health.( 犯罪3.Crime crime都用不到。指道德败坏，违法行为，为显示词汇量可以

12、与Delinquency：一般crime 连用 ：犯罪行为Criminal Act 环境4.Environment 。情况”Circumstance：under the circumstances. 相当抽象的词，“The surrounding area. Nearby可与之互换。：Surrounding表示周围居住的环境，想当具体。表示大气层的意思的时候：这两个词可替换，但是当atmosphereAtmosphere、Ambience 则不能。 5.Pollution 污染 特指被污染的水还不错：contaminated waterContamination: 我觉得太装B了，他的pp 人

13、类6.Human 以及一切表示工人，农民公务员等等的词Individual/men/ones/The human race Humankind Humanity：特别指出，用来表示人性。其他一概不要用。虽然也有人之类的意思。 7.Danger 危险；and natureto is a hazard wild life water ：化学、物理危害；隐患：Hazardpolluted safety/nature hazard. 在当今社会8.In modern society In contemporary society In present-day society In this day a

14、nd age（这是最牛的说法）;. . 1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) 2.common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) 3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for peoples needs and wants) 4

15、.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) 5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) 6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if

16、 you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) 8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) 9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people) 10.top=peak, summit 11.competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics) 12.blame=condemn(i

17、f you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) 13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) 14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation 15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish 16.insu

18、lt=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid) 17.complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way) 18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental 19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or

19、severe) 20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel 21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is) 22.complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details) 23. Lonely=solitary (if someone

20、is solitary, there is no one near him/her 24.small=minuscule(very small), minute, 25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political) 26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly 27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is

21、difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts) 28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it) 29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically) 30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact

22、 means tp make it clear to people.) 31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize somethings large), tremendous(INFORMAL) 32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep awa;. . y from it.) 33.fair=impartial(someone

23、 who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.) 34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently 35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)! 36.ruin=devastate (it means damage so

24、mething very badly, or utterly destroy it.) 37.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always) 38.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed) 39.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you

25、 to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound) 40.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm) 41.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)! 42.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be) 43.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensi

26、ve), sumptuous(grand and very expensive 44.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating) 46.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL) 47.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it) 48.cold=chilly(unpleasan

27、tly cold), icy(extremely cold) 49.hot=boiling(very hot50.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to peoples safety and health) 51.nowadays=currently 52.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive; 53.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing) 54

28、.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of) 55.result=consequence(the results or effects of something) 56.obvious=apparent, manifest 57.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily) 58.quite=fairly 59.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointin

29、g) 60.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest) 61.appear=emerge(come into existence) 62.whole=entire(the whole of something) 63.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)! 64.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct) 65.difficult=formidable 66

30、.change=convert(change into another form) 67.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something) 68.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible) 69.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability) 70.strange=eccentric(if some on

31、e is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is;. . different from most people) 71.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money) 72.use= utilize (the same as use) 73.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.) 74.satisfy=gratify

32、(if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction) 75.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time) 76.scholarship=fellowship 77.angry=enraged(extremely angry) 78.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell) 79.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive) 80.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal) 81.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things) 82.disorder=disarr