山东省昌乐县第二中学2020届高三英语上学期期末考试拉练试题二含解析

1、山东省昌乐县第二中学2020届高三英语上学期期末考试拉练试题二（含解析）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上和试卷指定的位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读 （共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中选出最佳选项。athe star eco station is an enviro

2、nmental science museum, a wildlife rescue center, and a shelter for endangered animals. it carries out the mission “preservation through education” by educating visitors about the preservation of the environment and the inter-dependence of all living things.field trips star eco station hosts field t

3、rips for schools and camps throughout southern california. each field trip lasts two hours, consisting of a one-hour gathering and a one-hour tour of the facility, with lessons associated with california state science standards. throughout the field trip, students learn about the latest developments

4、 in environmental protection and the ways in which wildlife interacts with various ecosystems. the students also receive an up-close and hands-on experience with our rescued foreign wildlife. the tour includes different environmental exhibits that showcase the ways students can help protect animals

5、in the wild. public toursguided tours of the star eco station introduce visitors to over two hundred rescued foreign wildlife. the guided tour lasts approximately 45-60 minutes. visitors are served on a first-come, first-served basis. no reservations are required. however, tours may sell out. we sug

6、gest larger groups schedule a private tour. note: our regular public tours times are subject to change without notice. please call in advance for the most up-to-date information. 1. what is the star eco station aimed at?a. helping research wildlife abroad.b. collecting money for animal shelters.c. r

7、aising awareness of wildlife protection.d. providing a knowledge of unusual animals.2. what can students do during a field trip?a. make a speech on the environment.b. take part in foreign wildlife rescue.c. get to know why species get endangered.d. learn how living things affect each other.3. for a

8、guided tour, what should visitors know?a. large groups are served first.b. it is available on weekdays.c. its time can change.d. booking is needed.【答案】1. c 2. d 3. c【解析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一项去star生态站参观的项目，介绍了其参观项目和其他注意事项。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中it carries out the mission “preservation through education” by educa

9、ting visitors about the preservation of the environment and the inter-dependence of all living things.可知它执行“通过教育保护”的使命，教育游客保护环境和所有生物的相互依赖。由此可知，star生态站的目标是提高野生动物保护意识。故选c。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中throughout the field trip, students learn about the latest developments in environmental protection and the ways

10、in which wildlife interacts with various ecosystems.可知通过实地考察，学生了解环境保护的最新发展，以及野生动物与各种生态系统相互作用的方式。由此可知，学生在野外旅行中可以了解生物是如何相互影响的。故选d。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中the guided tour lasts approximately 45-60 minutes可知有导游的参观时间大约45到60分钟。由此可知，游客应该知道，有导游陪同的参观，时间是变化的。故选c。baccording to his gofundme page, eddie maltsby jr. be

11、came blind when he was 11 due to sarcoidosis, a rare disease that affects many organs. however, maltsby has committed to bringing light to people in need by playing music on the streets of st. petersburg, florida, and donating what he can to them, wtsp reported.in addition to playing for the public,

12、 maltsby also hosts a radio show on wrxb called “blind boy radio”. while on air, the musician gives away groceries, cash and other goods to grateful callers. to date, maltsby has donated $2,000, but his funds are running loweven with help from sponsors. thats why hes turning to the community for hel

13、p.maltsby has set up a gofundme campaign in the hope of collecting $25,000 to aid struggling people in the community.while maltsbys benevolent (慈善的) spirit is inspiring, its often the people with little to spare who demonstrate how easy it is to part with money.this past winter, for example, when do

14、minique harrisonbentzen, a british student, didnt have any way to get home, a homeless man gave her all the money he had$4.60for a taxi. she returned the favor by setting up a fundraiser for the kind man, which has since collected more than 32,000 british pounds (over $50,000)“i hope my campaign wil

15、l help people think a little more about the people around them,” harrisonbentzen told the mirror. “if people can see what i am doing then maybe they can take the time to just stop and talk to a homeless person, hear their story.”4. what can be learned about eddie maltsby jr.?a. he has collected $25,

16、000.b. hes going to keep on giving.c. he was born with blindness.d. he plays music to earn a living.5. why does eddie maltsby jr. ask for help?a. the sponsorship has been cut off.b. he has difficulty making ends meet for his funds.c. he intends to spread his benevolent spirit.d. his family give no s

17、upport to his campaign.6. which of the following words best describe eddie maltsby jr.?a. creative and determined.b. talented and friendly.c. cooperative and optimistic.d. helpful and generous.7. whats the purpose of dominique harrisonbentzens story?a. to get people involved in community service.b.

18、to prove that giving is indeed important.c. to encourage people to share and give.d. to show the poor are more willing to give.【答案】4. b 5. b 6. d 7. d【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述eddie maltsby jr.因肉状瘤病而失去视力，但他依旧赚钱帮助他人。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的and donating what he can to them和第二、三段的内容可知，他已经捐赠了很多钱物，并发起了gofundme运动，希望能筹到

19、25000美元来帮助他人，由此可推知，eddiemaltsby jr会继续付出，帮助他人。故选b.【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中to date, maltsby has donated $2,000, but his funds are running loweven with help from sponsors. thats why hes turning to the community for help.（到目前为止，maltsby已经捐赠了2000美元，但他的资金正在减少即使有赞助商的帮助。这就是他向社区寻求帮助的原因。）可知，eddie maltsby jr.寻求帮助的原因是

20、他的资金快花完了，即他很难维持收支平衡。故选b。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中maltsby has committed to bringing light to people in need（maltsby致力于为有需要的人带来光明）和第二段中while on air, the musician gives away groceries, cash and other goods to grateful callers.（while on air, the musician gives away groceries, cash and other goods to grateful c

21、allers.）以及第四段中maltsbys benevolent (慈善的) spirit可知，eddie maltsby jr.既乐于助人又大方。故选d。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中its often the people with little to spare who demonstrate how easy it is to part with money.（往往是那些没有多余钱的人证明了花钱是多么容易。）和第五段所举例子可知，作者用dominique harrisonbentzen的故事，表示穷人更愿意付出帮助别人。故选d。cresearchers have been in

22、vestigating for years the ways in which screens affect the quality of a persons reading. the magazine scientific american reported that at least 100 studies have been published on the issue since the 1980s.virginia clinton carried out a research examination. she is a professor of education, health a

23、nd behavior at the university of north dakota. she found what she called a “small but significant” difference in reading text from screen versus paper.clinton looked at 33 past studies that examined paper versus screen reading. all of the studies were done between 2008 and 2018. the studies collecti

24、vely had 2,799 study subjects, including both children and adults. clintons examination found that reading from paper generally led to better understanding and improved a persons performance on tests connected to the reading material. and, she found no major differences in reading speed between the

25、two.clinton and other researchers have found screen readers often believe they understand a text better than they really do. and, they are more likely than paper readers to overestimate how well they would do on a test of the materials they have read.yet this overestimated sense of understanding is

26、especially common among screen readers. clinton said, “there are many possible reasons for such findings. overconfidence of reen readers, for example, could be the result of a distracted, less focused mind. readers preferences are also important. research shows the majority of people of all ages pre

27、fer reading from paper. if you are enjoying the reading process, youre going to be more involved. youre going to be paying better attention. preferences are a key issue here.”several studies have found that people often think of paper materials as something more important and serious. “if you are re

28、ading from paper, your mind thinks this is something important. i need to pay attention to it,” clinton said.8. how did clinton find the so-called difference?a. by doing many surveys.b. by doing 2,799 research.c. by analyzing research findings.d. by publishing texts on a magazine.9 what benefit does

29、 reading from paper bring to readers?a. higher reading speed.b. better reading efficiency.c. stronger reading interest.d. happier reading experiences.10. how will screen readers feel after finishing reading?a. empty-headed.b. anxiety-riddenc. energetic.d. overconfident.11. which aspect of reading wi

30、ll readers preferences have an effect on?a. the concentration.b. the duration.c. the material.d. the method.【答案】8. c 9. b 10. d 11. a【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了弗吉尼亚克林顿进行了一项研究调查发现与屏幕阅读者相比，纸上阅读通常能让人更好地理解和带来提高的阅读效率。且与纸上阅读相比，屏幕阅读者往往更有可能高估自己在阅读材料测试中的表现，同时克林顿分析了产生这一现象的诸多原因。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中clinton looked at

31、33 past studies that examined paper versus screen reading. all of the studies were done between 2008 and 2018. the studies collectively had 2,799 study subjects, including both children and adults. clintons examination found that reading from paper generally led to better understanding and improved

32、a persons performance on tests connected to the reading material.（克林顿研究了过去33项关于纸张和屏幕阅读的研究。所有的研究都是在2008年到2018年之间进行的。这些研究共有2799名研究对象，包括儿童和成人。克林顿的研究发现，从纸上阅读通常能让人更好地理解和提高一个人在与阅读材料相关的测试中的表现。）可知克林顿通过分析研究结果发现了所谓的差异。故选c。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段clintons examination found that reading from paper generally led to bet

33、ter understanding and improved a persons performance on tests connected to the reading material.（克林顿的研究发现，从纸上阅读通常能让人更好地理解和提高一个人在与阅读材料相关的测试中的表现。）可知从纸上阅读能给读者带来更好的阅读效率。故选b。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句and, they are more likely than paper readers to overestimate how well they would do on a test of the materi

34、als they have read.（而且，与纸质读者相比，他们更有可能高估自己在阅读材料测试中的表现。）以及倒数第二段第一句yet, this overestimated sense of understanding is especially common among screen readers.（然而，这种被高估的理解感在屏幕阅读者中尤其普遍。）可知屏幕阅读者读完后会感到过于自信。故选d。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中youre going to be paying better attention. preferences are a key issue here.（你

35、的注意力会更集中。偏好是一个关键问题。）可知读者的偏好会影响阅读的专心程度。故选a。【点睛】细节理解题解题方法细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。经常有新技术对将来人们工作和生活不良影响的预测，但事实证明结果并不是那样，我们有必要否定预测，

36、以减少人们的恐惧。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如第四小题，根据倒数第二段中youre going to be paying better attention. preferences are a key issue here.（你的注意力会更集中。偏好是一个关键问题。）可知读者的偏好会影响阅读的专心程度。故选a。dlove the way you

37、 walklisten carefully to the footsteps, and you can work out who is walking about. the features commonly used to identify people are faces and fingerprints. but the way they walk is also a giveaway.researchers have used video cameras and computers to analyze peoples gaits (步法). but translating such

38、knowledge into a practical identification system can be tricky. cameras are often visible, require good lighting and may have their view blocked by other people. a team led by dr. ozanyan and dr. scully have been looking for a better way to recognize gait. their answer: pressure-sensitive mats.such

39、mats are nothing new. they have been part of security systems. but ozanyan and scully use a complicated version that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as someone walks across it. the researchers turned to an artificial-intelligence system to recognize such patterns. in a

40、study in 2018, they tested the system on a database of footsteps of 127 people. they found its error rate in identifying who was who was a mere 0.7%. and scully says even without a database of footsteps, the system can determine someones sex and a subjects age.one application of the mat-based gait-r

41、ecognition system might be in health care, particularly for the elderly. a mat placed in a nursing home or an old persons own residence could monitor changes in an individuals gait that indicates certain illnesses. that would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over. ga

42、it analysis might also be used as a security measure in the workplace, monitoring access to restricted areas, such as parts of military bases, server farms or laboratories dealing with dangerous materials. perhaps the most interesting use of the mats, though, would be in public places, such as airpo

43、rts.12. what is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?a. research equipment.b. research findings.c. research assumption.d. research background.13. what is the mat used for?a. collecting data.b. ensuring safety.c. determining age.d. analyzing pressure.14. what might the gait-recognition system be applie

44、d to?a monitoring security work progress.b. detecting potential health problems.c. keeping track of travelling frequency.d. warning passengers of possible dangers.15. what is the main purpose of the passage?a. compare and educate.b. examine and assess.c. discuss and persuade.d. explain and inform.【答

45、案】12. d 13. a 14. b 15. d【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是pressure-sensitive mats（压力敏感垫）和它的原理，并告诉我们gait-recognition system（步法识别系统）在生活中的用途。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段关键句“researchers have used video cameras and computers to analyze peoples gaits (步法). but translating such knowledge into a practical identification system ca

46、n be tricky.”可知，研究人员使用摄像机和电脑去分析人们的步法。但将这些知识转化成一个实用的识别系统可能很棘手。再根据第二段关键句“a team led by dr. ozanyan and dr. scully have been looking for a better way to recognize gait. their answer: pressure-sensitive mats.”可知，在这种情况下，dr. ozanyan和dr. scully领导的团队一直在寻找更好的识别步法的方法，他们找到的方法是：pressure-sensitive mats（压力敏感垫）。由此

47、可推断出，第二段主要讲的是压力敏感垫的研究背景，是为了更好的识别步法。故选d项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“such mats are nothing new. they have been part of security systems. but ozanyan and scully use a complicated version that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as someone walks across it.”可知，ozanyan 和 scully使用了这个垫子

48、的复杂的版本，可以记录当人们走过时施加在不同地方的压力。由此可推断出，他们使用这个垫子的目的是为了收集人们走过时产生的压力的数据的。故选a项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“one application of the mat-based gait-recognition system might be in health care, particularly for the elderly.”和“that would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over.”可知，步法识别系统

49、的一个应用可能是在医疗保健领域，尤其是对老年人来说。它将为面临更大跌倒风险的人提供早期预警。由此可推断出，步法识别系统可应用于检查潜在的健康问题。故选b项。【15题详解】推理判断题。浏览全文，根据文章内容可知，文章的第二段和第三段在向我们解释什么是pressure-sensitive mats（压力敏感垫）以及它的操作原理。根据文章第四段关键句“one application of the mat-based gait-recognition system might be in health care, particularly for the elderly.”可知，文章在告诉我们压力敏感

50、垫依据的步法识别系统在我们的生活中有什么用途。由此可推断出，文章的主要目的是解释压力敏感垫并告知步法识别系统的用途。explain and inform意为“解释和告知”，符合句意。故选d项。第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。what does wi-fi stand for?long gone are the days of dial-up and waiting for your turn to use the computer. its easier than ever to connec

51、t to the internet in the digital world today. _16_wi-fi is a wireless network that uses radio frequency signals to connect to the internet or send messages between devices without wires. everything from your phone and laptop to tablets and printers can use wi-fi, thanks to these waves. _17_ two year

52、s later, a group of companies formed the wireless ethernet compatibility alliance (weca, now the wi-fi alliance), a global non-profit organization created to promote the new wi-fi standard.none of that history explains what wi-fi stands for, because the phrase doesnt stand for anything. wi-fi is a t

53、rademarked term describing the device or technology based on the institute of electrical and electronics engineers (ieee) wireless communication standard 802.11, according to the wi-fi alliance._18_ so the wi-fi alliance hired the marketing company interbrand to come up with a shorter name: wi-fi, a

54、ccording to one of the founding alliance members._19_ the rumor that it stands for “wireless fidelity (无线保证)” is thanks to the alliance. some members didnt understand the branding or marketing for wi-fi. they felt consumers would want an explanation for the name. so the alliance agreed to include a

55、tagline: the standard for wireless fidelity. thats why so many people assume wi-fi stands for wireless fidelity, but the tagline came after the name._20_ dont add to the confusion and stop miss-associating these phrases by learning the real meaning behind these acronyms (缩略词).a. thats a mouthful.b.

56、this is mostly thanks to wi-fi.c. the name caused a misconception about wi-fi.d. there is some debate surrounding the question what wi-fi stands for.e. in 1997, a committee of industry leaders approved a common wi-fi standard.f. several years ago, a common standard of wi-fi was set up by several com

57、panies.g. plus, the alliance removed the tag, although the confusion it brought still lives on today.【答案】16. b 17. e 18. a 19. d 20. g【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了wi-fi的历史，wi-fi这个名字的由来以及就这个名字背后所代表的含义引发的一些争议。【16题详解】根据上文long gone are the days of dial-up and waiting for your turn to use the computer. its easier th

58、an ever to connect to the internet in the digital world today.（拨号和等待轮到你使用电脑的日子已经一去不复返了。在当今的数字世界，连接互联网比以往任何时候都容易。）以及下文wi-fi is a wireless network that uses radio frequency signals to connect to the internet or send messages between devices without wires.（wi-fi是一种无线网络，它利用无线频率信号连接到互联网或在无线设备之间发送信息。）可知是在说明wi-fi带给人们的便利，连接互联网比以前更容易应归功于wi-fi。故b选项“这主要归功于wi-fi。”符合上下文语境，故选b。【17题详解】根据下文two years later, a