高中英语It用法详解共33页

1、It的用法解析1.it在强调句中用法：It is + 被强调部分 + that 该句型是强调句型，被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、表语或状语；强调的主语如果是人时，that可以由who换用；如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子，这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的依据；It was they that cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天是他们打扫的教室。（强调主语）It is her sister that I have fallen in love with.我爱上的是她的姐姐。（强调宾语）It was under the tree that he fo

2、und his missing purse.他是在树底下找到自己丢失的钱包。（强调地点状语）It was last week that I visited the Shanghai Expo.我是上周参观的上海世博。（强调时间状语）It is not until + 被强调部分 + that 该句型是not until句型”的强调句，意为直到才，that后的从句要用肯定句，不可再用否定句；【注意：not until置于句首时，主句用倒装结构；】It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized she was a f

3、amous film star. （强调句）直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一名著名的电影明星。Not until she took off her dark glasses did I recognize she was a famous film star. （倒装句）直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一名著名的电影明星。强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+is/was + it + that ；Who was it that you want to see?你究竟想见谁？Why is it that you want to change your mind?你究竟为什么要改变主意？强调句型的一般

4、疑问句结构：Was/Is it +被强调部分+that；Was it they that cleaned the classroom yesterday? 昨天是他们打扫的教室吗？Was it last week that you visited the Shanghai Expo?你是上周参观的上海世博吗？【注意事项】强调句型结构基本要点：强调句型中，通常强调主语、宾语、状语等；一般而言，该结构不可以强调谓语，若强调谓语，则用助动词do/does/did，其后的谓语用动词原形；(a) She did go there alone.她确实是一个人独自去那儿的。（强调谓语）(b) He does

5、 enjoy volleyball.他确实喜欢排球。（强调谓语）不管被强调部分是单数还是复数，其前必用It is / was，而不能用诸如They are / There were之类；被强调部分是指人时，that可换用who，而被强调部分指物时，则只用that；被强调部分是指时间或地点时，被强调部分后通常用that，一般不用when，where之类；去掉强调句型结构It is/wasthat后，原句子仍然完整；若由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序；He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by

6、mistake.他问我，是谁错拿了他的雨伞。（陈述语序）【比较】Who was it that took his umbrella by mistake? 是谁错拿了他的雨伞？（疑问句语序）I wonder when it is that well leave for Hong Kong.我想知道，我们什么时候前往香港。（陈述语序）【比较】When is it that well leave for Hong Kong?我们什么时候前往香港? （疑问句语序）强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式：在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词要与主句It is/was保持一致；It is Mary not

7、 you who wants to ask me about the earthquake, isnt it? 不是你而是玛丽想要问我关于地震的情况，对吗？It was his coming that made you all very happy, wasnt it? 他的到来让您们非常高兴，是吗？强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用：在高考试题中，常将强调句型与定语从句混合运用，使句子结构更加复杂；依此，要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清强调句型与定语从句；-Where did you find your wallet?你在哪里找到钱包？-It was in the park where we

8、went last week that I found my wallet.就在我们上周去的那家公园里，我找到了钱包。It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know him.就是在我们一起工作的那家农场里，我结识了他。【分析】句中，强调on the farm，去掉强调句型结构，则句子变为： On the farm I got to know him. 在先行词the farm后接定语从句where we worked；It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty of t

9、ime that he ought to have spent doing his lessons.强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析：当用强调句型结构来强调时间状语时，去掉强调句型结构，原句仍然成立；而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/waswhen/before/since，则原句不成立；It was at 7:49 that the terrible earthquake broke out in Yu shu. （强调句型）是在7:49分，玉树发生了可怕的地震。It was 7:49 when the terrible earthquake broke out in Yu shu. （状

10、语从句）玉树发生可怕地震的时间是7:49分。强调句型中，考查主谓一致问题，常见于如下结构中：It is/was notbutthat不是而是；【注意就近原则：notbut, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor；】It is not his friends but he that is to blame for the accident.不是他的朋友，而是他要对该事故负责任。It is /was not that；【注意就远原则：but, except, rather than, together with, with, as well as等连接名词或

11、代词；】It was he rather than his friends that is to blame for the accident.是他而不是他的朋友，要对该事故负责任。在语境题目中，强调句型的某个部分常被省略，做题时要特别注意，将其复原并加以比较；-He was nearly drowned once.-When was _?-_ was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This答案：A。在第三句中when he was in middle s

12、chool.为定语从句，修饰先行词1998，而school后省略了that he was nearly drowned once. 该题目若把关系副词when去掉，则易误选that；-Who is making so much noise in the garden?-_ the children.A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are答案：A。句意：-谁在花园里制造出那么大的噪音？-是那些孩子们。强调句型在具体的语境中省略，其完整形式为：It is the children who/that are making so much noise

13、in the garden. 【拓展实践】-Ive read another book this week.-Well, maybe_is not how much you read but what you read that counts. （2009浙江）A .this B. that C. there D. it 答案：D。句意：-这个周，我又读了一本书。-哦，或许重要的不是你读了多少书，而是你读的是什么书。考查强调句：It is/was that；It was _he came back from Africa that year _he met the girl he would

14、like to marry. （2009江西）A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when 答案：C。句意：直到那年他从非洲回来，他遇到了心爱的女孩。考查not until的强调句型：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that；Its the first time that he has been to Australia, _? （2009辽宁）A. isnt he B. hasnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it答案：C。句意：这是他一次来澳大利亚，是吗？考查句型：It is/

15、was the first time that，其反义疑问句与主句中的be动词保持一致；【辨析比较】for the first time第一次（介词短语）；the first time 第一次做的时候；（连词）It/ This / That is the first/last time that（常用句型）这是/那是第一次/最后一次做；that从句的时态，取决于主句的be动词，若主句用is时，that从句用现在完成时；主句用was时，that从句用过去完成时；They tasted defeat for the first time.他们第一次体验到失败的滋味。ThefirsttimeImet

16、her, I knew we would be good friends. 第一次见到她的时候，我就知道我们会成为好朋友。It was for the first time that they tasted defeat, wasnt it? 这是第一次，他们体验到失败的滋味，是吗？ （强调句的反义疑问句，与主句中的be动词一致）It is the first time that I have spoken in public.这是我第一次在公共场合发言。It was the first time that he had visited this city.这是他第一次参观这座城市。It wa

17、s in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. （2008全国）A. that B. how C. which D. when答案：A。句意：伊丽莎白第一次见到史密斯先生是在新西兰。考查强调句：It is/was that；It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. （2008天津）A. how B. which C. that D. where答案：C。句意：正是在密西西比河沿岸马克吐温度过了他孩提时代的大部分时光。考查强调句：It

18、 is/was that；It was not until midnight_they reached the camp site. （2008重庆）A. while B. when C. that D. as答案：C。句意：一直到半夜，他们才到达营地。考查notuntil的强调句型结构，即“It is/was not until +被强调部分+that”； It is imagination _ makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality. （2007上海春）A. whereB. what C. thatD. when答案：C。句

19、意：是想象力让这个世界五彩缤纷，充满生机和活力。考查强调句结构：It is/was that；该句强调主语“imagination”，去掉强调句结构，句子仍然完整：Imagination makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality.It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. （2007重庆）A. whichB. it C. that D. this答案：C。句意：重要的是什么才是对的，而不是谁是对的。考查强调句：It is/was +被强调部分+that；

20、该题目强调主语，且在被强调部分中运用“notbut不是而是”这一结构；【注意：be of+抽象名词 =be +该抽象名词的形容词；】-He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. （2007浙江）- When was _?- _ was in 2000 when he was still in college.A. that; This B. that; ItC. it; This D. this; It答案：B。句意：-他的第一本书出版了，而且还很畅销。-那是什么时候的事? -是在2000年，那时侯他还在

21、上大学。本题省略了强调句的that部分；即补充完整为：It was in 2000 when he was still in college that he got his first book published.【考点注意】turn out=work out结果是，证明是；强调句中that部分常被省略；强调句与定语从句常混用；It was in 2000 when he was sill in college that he got his first book published.该句中，“when he was still in college.”为定语从句，修饰先行词2000；而“I

22、t was in 2000 that he got his first book published.”为强调句；-Where did he spend his childhood?- It was in the house _was built with stones _ he spent his childhood.A. where; that B. which; that C. that; which D. that; where答案：B。句意：-他在哪里度过童年？就在用石头修建的那间房子里，他度过了自己的童年。该题目考查定语从句与强调句的混用，第一个空填写定语从句的关系代词（此处作主语

23、），先行词为the house； 第二个空为强调句，即It was in the house that he spent his childhood.It _we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _I found we had a lot in common. （2007浙江）A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that答案：D。句意：直到我们在一起呆了几个星期以后，我才发现我们有许多共同之处。考查not until句型的强调句，

24、其结构是：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that；【注意：a couple of一对，两三个；have sth. in common with 与有共同之处；】Between the two generations, it is often not their age, _their education that causes misunderstanding. （2007全国）A. like B. as C. or D. but答案：D。句意：在两代人之间，通常不是他们的年龄，而是他们所接受的教育，会导引起他们之间的误解。考查常见搭配在强调句中的运用，即It is/wa

25、s not but that ；It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. （2006全国III）A. whenB. thatC. whereD. before答案：B。句意：直到她到家了，詹妮弗才意识到她把钥匙丢了。考查not until句型的强调句，其结构是：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that；I just wonder _ that makes him so excited. (2006山东)A. why it does B. what he does C. h

26、ow it is D. what it is答案：D。句意：我只是想不明白是什么使他那样激动。本题目考查“强调句的特殊疑问句”作动词wonder的宾语，其疑问句语序要变为“陈述语序”；【注意分析】Something makes him so excited.强调主语：It is something that makes him so excited.强调句的一般疑问句：Is it something that makes him so excited?对强调句中的something进行提问：What is it that makes him so excited?强调句的特殊疑问句作wonde

27、r的宾语：I just wonder what it is that makes him so excited.It was after he got what he had desired _ he realized it was not so important. （2006辽宁）A. thatB. whenC. sinceD. as答案：A。在他得到了梦寐以求的东西后，他才意识到这个东西并不那么重要。本题目考查强调句：It is/was+被强调部分+that，且强调时间状语从句；去掉强调句型，则还原为：After he got what he had desired, he realiz

28、ed it was not so important.It is what you do rather than what you say_ matters. （2005天津）A. that B. what C. which D. this答案：A。句意：重要的是你做了什么，而不是你说了什么。matter作动词，意为“重要，要紧，有关系”；该题目可以简写为：A rather than B matters.重要的是A而不是B。依据句型结构，则考查强调句：It is/was+被强调部分+that；本题强调主语，去掉强调句型，原句仍然完整；It wasnt until nearly a month

29、later _ I received the managers reply. （2005全国）A. since B. when C. as D. that答案：D。句意：直到差不多一个月之后，我才收到那位经理的答复。考查notuntil的强调句型结构，即“It is/was not until +被强调部分+that”；本题目强调时间状语nearly a month later，去掉强调句型，原句仍然完整；It was only with the help of the local guide _. （2004上海）A. was the mountain climber rescuedB. t

30、hat the mountain climber was rescuedC. when the mountain climber was rescuedD. then the mountain climber was rescued答案：B。句意：只有在当地导游的帮助下，那名登山运动员才得以获救。本题考查强调句：It is/was+被强调部分+that；强调介词短语，去掉强调句型，原句仍然完整；【注意：该题目若去掉it was，则考查only置于句首且修饰状语，主句要求用倒装结构，即选项A；】It was_ back home after the experiment.（2004湖北）A. n

31、ot until midnight did he goB. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he wentD. until midnight when he didnt go答案：C。句意：直到午夜，做完实验后，他才回到家。考查not until句型的强调句，其结构是：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that；该题目强调时间状语midnight；【注意：该题目若去掉it was，则考查not until置于句首且修饰状语，主句要求用倒装结构，即选项A；】It was with great j

32、oy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. （2004福建）A. becauseB. whichC. sinceD. that答案：D。句意：当他得到消息，说他失踪的女儿被找到了时，他非常高兴。考查强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that；该题目强调状语with great joy，去掉强调句型，则该句子仍然完整。【注意第二个that引导同位语从句，即the news 与that从句所指代的内容是一致的；】It is these poisonous products_ can cause the s

33、ymptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. （2003上海）A. who B. that C. how D. what答案：B。句意：正是这些有毒的产品引发了流感的症状，比如说，头疼和肌肉酸痛。考查强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that；该题目强调主语these poisonous products，去掉强调句型，则该句子仍然完整。(21)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked

34、such a nice dinner. （2010安徽）A. where B. that C. when D. which答案：B。句意：那位女主人用从村子里买的仅有的一点食品，做了如此美味的一餐饭。考查强调句，该句可还原为：The hostess cooked such a nice dinner from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village.【注意：该句子中强调介词短语“from only a few supplies”，其中先行词“only a few supplies”由定语从句“that she had bou

35、ght in the village”来修饰；】(22)Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work _ has made him what he is today. （2010湖南）A. why B. when C. which D. that答案：D。句意：约翰的成功与好的运气没有关系。是他多年的艰辛努力拼搏，造就了他今天的成就。考查强调句型It is/was +被强调部分+that；该题目强调主语“years of hard work”；(23)If you have a job, _ y

36、ourself to it and finally youll succeed.（2010四川）A. do devote B. dont devoteC. devoting D. not devoting答案：A。句意：如果你拥有一份工作，只要全身心地投入到工作中，最后你会成功的。考查对“谓语动词”的强调（借助助动词do/does/did）及“祈使句 + and + 将来时句子”的固定搭配； 【注意：强调句型“It is/was +被抢的部分 + that ”是不能强调“谓语”的；若强调“谓语动词”则要借助“助动词do/did/does”，其后接动词原形；devote oneself to s

37、th. 专心致力于，献身于；devote time to 为付出时间（努力、金钱等）；be devoted to sth. 对热爱，对忠诚；】(24)It was because of bad weather_ the football match had to be put off. （2003上海春）A. so B. so that C. why D. that答案：D。句意：正是由于天气不好，足球赛才不得不被推迟。考查强调句型，本题去掉强调句结构：It is/was +被强调部分 + that ，句子仍然完整；【注意：so that为了，以便；结果，以致；so that 如此以至于；su

38、ch that 如此以至于；so +adj. + a/an +单数可数名词 + that = such +a/an +adj.+ 单数可数名词 + that如此以至于；so many / much / few / little + 名词 + that；so为副词，其后常见形容词和副词；而such为形容词，其后常接名词；】(25)It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are. （2000全国）A. oneB. thatC. whatD. it答案：B。句意：重要的是你工作的能力而

39、不是你来自何处或者你是做什么的。考查强调句型结构，被强调部分“the ability to do the job”作主语，谓语动词是matters；本题目可以由“not but 不是而是”改写为：Not where you come from or what you are but the ability to do the job matters. 【注意：matter为不及物动词，意为“重要，要紧，有关系”；】(26)It was _he said _disappointed me. （1999上海）A. what; thatB. that; thatC. what; whatD. tha

40、t; what答案：A。句意：正是他刚才所说的话令我非常失望。考查强调句型，其结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that ，本题目强调主语“what he said”，去掉强调句型结构，句子（What he said disappointed me.）仍然成了。(27)It was only when I reread his poems recently _ I began to appreciate their beauty. （1998全国）A. until B. thatC. then D. so答案：B。句意：只有当我最近重读他的诗歌的时候，我才开始欣赏到他们的优美。考查

41、强调句型，其结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that ，本题目强调时间状语从句“only when I reread his poems recently”，去掉强调句型结构，句子（Only when, I began to ）仍然成了；(28)It was about 600 years ago _the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. （1997全国）A. thatB. untilC. beforeD. when答案：A。句意：大约600年前，人们制造了第一块钟表，只有一个表盘和一个时针。考查强调句型，其结

42、构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that ，本题目强调时间状语“about 600 yeas ago”，去掉强调句型结构，句子（About 600 years , the first clock was made.）仍然成了；(29) Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, _ to blame.A. is B. that is C. are D. who are答案：B。句意：就个人而言，我认为该受责备的是销售经理，而不是那些女营业员。考查强调句型和主谓一致，强调的是主语“t

43、he sales manage, rather than the sales girls”，谓语动词的单、复数取决于“the sales manager”；去掉强调句型结构，句子（Personally I think the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, is to blame.）仍然完整；【注意： as well as, with, together with, but, rather than, except等连接两个名词或代词，谓语动词的单、复数取决于就远原则；be to blame = be responsible for so

44、mething bad 应承担责任，该受到责备；】(30)It was at the very beginning _Mr. Fox made the decision _ we should send more firefighters there.A. when; which B. where; what C. then; so D. that; that答案：D。 句意：最初，福克斯先生就做出了决定，（该决定要求）我们应该派送更多的消防队员去那里。本题目考查强调句型和名词性从句（同位语从句）；第一个空为强调句，强调介词短语“at the very beginning”，去掉强调句型结构（

45、It is/was +被强调部分+that ），句子（At the very beginning Mr. Fox made the decision.）仍然完整；第二个空为同位语从句，“that we should send more firefighters there.”解释说明the decision的内容；(31)-Who is making so much noise in the garden?-_ the children.A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are答案：A。句意：-是谁在花园里制造出那么大的噪音？-是那些孩子们。考查

46、强调句型在具体语境中的省略，补充完整为：It is the children that/who are making so much noise in the garden.(32)It was my friendship with Helen that _ me_ the difficult time. （2004江苏）A. helped; out B. got; through C. pushed; through D. put; up答案：B。句意：是我与海伦女士的友谊帮助我度过了那段艰难的时期。本题目运用强调句型结构，强调主语“my friendship with Helen”，考查短

47、语辨析：help out帮助解决难题，分担工作；get through度过，通过，接通；push through使获得通过；put up建造，张贴，提高，为提供膳宿，捐款，提出，推举、选举；【注意：get through to 使某人明白；go through经受、经历，用光、用完，仔细检查，练习、排练，被通过，磨破、穿破，获得正式认可；live through经历；put through为接通电话，为完成必要的准备工作，出钱供某人上学，使做；look through看穿、识破，浏览、温习，检查；】(31)Is_ three hours _the boy _ family is poor to

48、 come to school on foot?A. it; that; whose B. it; that it takes; whoseC. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that;答案：B。句意：步行来学校需要花费家庭贫困的男孩三小时。本题考查定语从句、强调句型的一般疑问句形式以及常用句型（It takes sb. some time to do sth.）的混合运用； 解答本题目，见如下的四个句子：常见句型：It takes the boy three hours to come to school on foot.以the boy

49、为先行词，后面接定语从句，则为：It takes the boy whose family is poor three hours to come to school on foot.用强调句型强调宾语“three hours”，则为：It is three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot.将上句变为一般疑问句即是本题；2. it作形式主语时，真正的主语是其后的不定式、动名词或从句；不定式作真正的主语：It is/was+形容词+of sb. to do sth. 该句型中的不

50、定式短语是真正的主语，若不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，则句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good, honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice, polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong等； It is/was+形容词+for sb. to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正的主语，若不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，则句中的形容词通常是表示重

51、要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：important, necessary, natural, easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant等； It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it作形式主语；意为花费某人时间/金钱来做某事； It took thousands of people many years to build the Gr

52、eat Wall. 建长城花费了数以千计的百姓很多年时间。从句作真正的主语：It is clear that.该句型中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，意为是清楚的，是主语从句最常见的一种结构；It is certain that the earth goes around the sun.地球围绕太阳转是确实的。It is important that 该句型中it作形式主语，that 后的从句用虚拟语气，should 可以省略；It is important that we learn English well. 我们学好英语是非常重要的。It is said that 该句型中的it作形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句，常意为据说；It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又有一颗人造地球卫星已经进入了预定的轨道。It is suggested that 该句型中的it 作形式主语，主句中的过去分词是表示请求、建议、命令等词