2013年职称英语等级考试模拟题及答案

1、2013年职称英语等级考试模拟题（理工类B级）第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. The nursery is bright and cheerful.A. pleasant B. clean C. peaceful D. large2. This kind of material was seldom used in building houses during the Middle Ages.A. never B. rarely C. often D. only3. People f

2、rom many places were drawn to the city by its growing economy.A. fetched B. carried C. attracted D. pushed4. The soldier displayed remarkable courage in the battle.A. placed B. showed C. pointed D. decided5. How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?A. explain B. examine C. ch

3、oose D. expand6. About one quarter of the workers in the country are employed in factories.A. third B. fourth C. tenth D. fifteenth7. She was grateful to him for being so good to her.A. careful B. hateful C. beautiful D. thankful8. There are only five minutes left, but the outcome of the match is st

4、ill in doubt.A. result B. judgement C. estimation D. event9. He is certain that the dictionary is just what I want.A. sure B. angry C. doubtful D. worried10. The last few weeks have been enjoyable.A. close B. near C. past D. several11. What were the consequences of the decision she had made?A. reaso

5、ns B. results C. causes D. bases12. They didnt realize how serious the problem was.A. know B. forget C. doubt D. remember13. We shall keep the money in a secure place.A. clean B. secret C. distant D. safe14. The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that cityA. attacked B. surprised

6、C. attracted D. interested15. The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.A. get rid of B. set up C. repair D. paint第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Dangers Await Babies with Altitude Women w

7、ho live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes. Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasnt clear whether th

8、is is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes or because their mothers are under-nourished many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down. To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births i

9、n Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers. Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthwe

10、ight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,” says Giussan

11、i. The results suggest that babies born at high altitudes are deprived of2 oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,” says Giussani. His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads comp

12、ared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body. Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in ad

13、ulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life. 16. According to the passage，one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities

14、are underweight is that their mothers are under-nourished. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. Giussanis team members are all British researchers and professors from Cambridge University. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little t

15、o do with the financial conditions of the family he was born into. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mothers womb. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. High-altitude babies have heads that are larger tha

16、n their bodies. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. Giussani has arrived at the conclusion that babies in high-altitude regions are more likely to have heart trouble when they grow up. A. Right

17、 B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。LED Lighting An accidental discovery announced recently has taken LED lighting to a new level, suggesting it could soon offer a cheaper, longer-lasting altern

18、ative to the traditional light bulb. The breakthrough adds to a growing trend that is likely to eventually make Thomas Edisons bright invention1 obsolete. LEDs are already used in traffic lights, flashlights, and architectural lighting. They are flexible and operate less expensively than traditional

19、 lighting. Michael Bowers, a graduate student at Vanderbilt University, was just trying to make really small quantum dots, which are crystals generally only a few nanometers big. Quantum dots contain anywhere from 100 to 1,000 electrons. Theyre easily excited bundles of energy, and the smaller they

20、are, the more excited they get. Each dot in Bowers particular batch was exceptionally small, containing only 33 or 34 pairs of atoms. When you shine a light on quantum dots or apply electricity to them, they react by producing their own light, normally a bright, vibrant color. But when Bowers shined

21、 a laser on his batch of dots, something unexpected happened. He was surprised when a white glow covered the table. The quantum dots were supposed to emit blue light4, but instead they were giving off a beautiful white glow. Then Bowers and another student got the idea to stir the dots into polyuret

22、hane and coat a blue LED light bulb with the mix. The lumpy bulb wasnt pretty, but it produced white light similar to a regular light bulb. LEDs produce twice as much light as a regular 60 watt bulb and burn for over 50.000 hours. The Department of Energy estimates LED lighting could reduce U. S. en

23、ergy consumption for lighting by 29 percent by 2025. LEDs dont emit heat, so theyre also more energy efficient. And theyre much harder to break. Quantum dot mixtures could be painted on just about anything and electrically excited to produce a rainbow of colors t including white. The main light sour

24、ce of the future will almost surely not be a bulb. It might be a table, a wall, or even a fork. 23. Paragraph 1 24. Paragraph 3 25. Paragraph 5 26. Paragraph 6 A. LED Lighting Is Not Mature B. LED Lighting Will Replace Traditional Lighting C. Almost Everything Could Be the Main Light Source in the F

25、uture D. LED Lighting Has Many Advantages E. Bowers Made an Unexpected Discovery F. LED Light Bulbs Look Lumpy27. Unlike traditional lighting, LEDs do not give out heat so . 28. Edisons bright invention is likely to be outdated because . 29. Something unexpected happened during Bowers experiment whe

26、n . 30. Over one quarter of energy consumption for lighting could be saved by 2025 if . A. traditional lighting is less durable and dearer B. a laser excited the quantum dots C. America adopted LEDs D. graduate students work hard E. quantum dot mixtures are magic F. it is more efficient 第4部分：阅读理解(第3

27、145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Eat to Live A meager diet may give you health and long life, but its not much fun and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age. Stephen Spindler and his

28、 colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can he made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but

29、 could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old equivalent to about 70 human

30、 years. The researchers checked the activity of 11, 000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted nil

31、their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes. “This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly.” say Huber Wa

32、rner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C. No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says. If it does work in people, there might be good reasons

33、for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective. But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they live l

34、onger, but theyre hungry,” he says, “Even seeing what a diet does , its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: I can only cat half of that.”Spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of caloric restrict

35、ion.31. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Eating less than usual might make us live longer. B. we go on A diet when old, we may keep healthy. C. Dieting might not be needed. D. We have to begin dieting since childhood. 32. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse i

36、n paragraph 2? A. To describe the influence or old age on mice. B. To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice. C. To tell us how mices liver genes behave. D. To inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs. 33. What can he inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?

37、A. They will not experience free radical production. B. They will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime. C. They have more old liver genes to behave like young genes. D. They are more likely to suffer from inflammation. 34. According to the author, which of the following most intere

38、sted the researchers? A. The mice that started dieting in old age. B. 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes. C. Calorie restriction that works in people. D. Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective. 35. According 10 the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that A. c

39、alorie restriction is very important to young people. B. seeing the effect of a diet, people will like to eat less than normal. C. dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life. D. drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction.第二篇 Snowflakes Youve probably heard that no two sno

40、wflakes are alike. Of course, nobody has ever confirmed that statement by examining every one of the estimated one septillion snowflakes that drift to Earth each year. Still, Kenneth Libbrecht, a professor at the California Institute of Technology, is confident that the statement is true. Snowflakes

41、 arent flaky, says Libbrecht. At their basic level, theyre crystalline. The lattice of every snowflake is six-sided in shape. The simplest snow crystals are six-sided flat plates and six-sided columns. Such crystals are common in places where the air is extremely cold and dry. Snow crystals acquire

42、their special beauty when their simple six-sided symmetry blossoms. Under the right conditions, each of the six corners of a crystal sprouts1 what is called an arm. In a matter of minutes, the arms can become highly ornate and give the crystal a star like appearance. Several factors in the environme

43、nt affect the shape and growth rate of a snow crystal. One factor is humidity. Crystals grow faster and in more intricate shape as humidity increases. A second factor is air temperature. A snowflake is born when several molecules of water vapor in a cloud land on a speck of dust and freeze to form a

44、 simple crystal. As the young crystal bops around in the cloud, it passes through air pockets of varying temperatures. If the crystal passes through a pocket of air that is, say, -15 degrees Celsius, it will grow quickly and sprout six arms says Libbrecht. If the crystal is then tossed into a warmer

45、 pocket, one about -100C, the arms tips will stop growing quickly and form six-sided plates. If the crystal then drifts into an even warmer pocket of about -50C, its top and bottom will grow more quickly than its sides and become more column like in shape. In the course of its life span, a snow-crys

46、tal might flutter through many warmer and colder pockets, acquiring a complicated and unique growth history. Such a history will give rise to a snowflake that is unlike any other. Each arm on the snowflake will look exactly like every other one, but the crystal itself will be one of a kind. Using hi

47、s cooling tanks, Libbrecht has learned how to create snow crystals of different shapes - plates, columns, needles, etc. Libbrecht has even refined his techniques so that he can make crystals that look highly similar to one another. Still, he lacks the control to manufacture identical twin snowflakes

48、. A slight difference in humidity and temperature can upset the growth profile of a crystal. 36. What does Professor Libbrecht believe to be true? A. No two snowflakes are exactly the same in shape. B. Somebody has examined all the snowflakes that fall on Earth. C. The statement that no two snowflak

49、es are alike is confirmed. D. None of the above. 37. What do the simplest snow crystals look like? A. They have six columns. B. They are flaky. C. They are cubic in shape. D. They are six-sided. 38. What are the factors that affect the shape and growth rate of a snow crystal? A. Humidity and tempera

50、ture. B. Water and falling speed. C. Air and altitude. D. Both B and C. 39. It can be felt from the description in the 2nd paragraph that the author A. admires the beauty of the snowflakes. B. dislikes the changing growth history of the snowflakes. C. has a particular feeling for those flower-like c

51、rystals. D. likes to compare snowflakes to the stars in the sky. 40. Libbrecht is not able to A. create snow crystals of different shapes. B. make crystals that look similar to one another. C. create snowflakes that era exactly alike. D. refine his techniques. 第三篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles The

52、 Ford motor companys abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology, analysts say. General Motors and Honda ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consume

53、r. Ford has now announced it will do the same. Three years ago, the company introduced the Think City two-seater car and a golf cart called the THINK or Think Neighhor. It hoped to sell 5,000 cars each year and 10,000 carts. But a lack of demand means only about 1,000 of the cars have been produced,

54、 and less than 1,700 carts have been sold so far in 2002. “The bottom line is we dont believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market,” Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday. “We feel we have given electric our best shot.” The Think City has a range of only about 53 m

55、iles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time. General Motors EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range, of about 100 miles. The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives. An electric Toyota RAV4 EV vehicle costs over $42,000 in the US, co

56、mpared with just $17,000 for the petrol version. Toyota and Nissan are now the only major auto manufacturers to produce electric vehicles. “There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance. Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program, and that is what we will be judging them on,” Roger Higman, a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth, told the Environment News Service. Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sol