2012年职称英语考试理工类B级真题试卷

1、2012年职称英语考试理工类B级真题试卷及参考答案第一部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. All the walls in the building had the same (layout).A. sizeB. functionC. colorD. Arrangment【答案】：D2. The storm caused( severe) damage.A. physical B. accidentalC. seriousD. Enviromental【答案】：C3. The walls ar

2、e made of( hollow) concret blocks.A. bigB. emptyC. longD. New【答案】：B4. Our aim was to (update) the health service and we succeeded.A. offerB. provideC. modernizeD. Fund【答案】：C5. Do we have to wear these name (tags)?A. listsB. formsC. lablesD. Codes【答案】：C6. Joe came to the window as the crowd (chanted)

3、 ”Joe,Joe,Joe”A. repeatedB. jumpedC. maintainedD. Approached【答案】：A7. He (inspired) many young people to take up sports.A. encouragedB. allowedC. calledD. Advised【答案】：A8. The city center was (wiped out) by the bomb.A. coveredB. reducedC. destroyedD. Moved【答案】：C9. Most baby can (take in) a wide range

4、of food easily.A. bringB. digestC. keepD. Serve【答案】：B10. A large crowd （assembled） outside the American embassy.A. watchedB. shoutedC. gatheredD. Walked【答案】：C11. The weather was （crisp） and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A. freshB. hotC. heavyD. Windy【答案】：A12. What（ puzzles）

5、me is why his books are so popular.A. shocksB. influencesC. confusesD. Concerns【答案】：C13. I think $7 a drink is a bit （steep）, dont you?A. tightB. lowC. cheap D. high【答案】：D14. The （contempt） he felt for his fellow students was obvious.A. needB. hateC. loveD. pity【答案】：D15. Her comments about men are （

6、utterly） ridiculous.A. slightlyB. partlyC. faintlyD. Completely【答案】：D第二部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Eastern Quakes Can Trigger Big ShakesIn the first week of November 2011, people in central Oklahoma experienced more t

7、han two dozen earthquakes. The largest, a magnitude 5.6 quake, shook thousands of fans in a college football stadium, caused cracks in a few buildings and rattled the nerves of many people who had never felt a quake before. Oklahoma is not an area of the country famous for its quakes. If you watch t

8、he news on TV, you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters hurricanes, tornadoes, flooding and wildfires, to name a few. But the most dangerous type of natural disaster, and also the most unpredictable, is the earthquake.Researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey estimate that several millio

9、n earthquakes rattle the globe each year. That may sound scary, but people dont feel many of the tremors because they happen in remote and unpopulated regions. Many quakes happen under the ocean, and others have a very small magnitude, or shaking intensity.A magnitude 5.8 earthquake that struck cent

10、ral Virginia the afternoon of August 23, 2011, was felt from central Georgia to southeastern Canada. In many urban areas, including Washington, D.C., and New York City (Wall Street shown), people crowded the streets while engineers inspected buildings. Credit: Wikimedia/Alex TabakScientists know abo

11、ut small, remote quakes only because of very sensitive electronic devices called seismometers. These devices detect and measure the size of ground vibrations produced by earthquakes. Altogether, USGS researchers use seismometers to identify and locate about 20,000 earthquakes each year.Although eart

12、hquakes can happen anywhere in the world, really big quakes occur only in certain areas. The largest ones register a magnitude 8 or higher and happen, on average, only once each year. Such big ones typically occur along the edges of Earths tectonic plates.Tectonic plates are huge pieces of Earths cr

13、ust, sometimes many kilometers thick. These plates cover our planets surface like a jigsaw puzzle. Often, jagged edges of these plates temporarily lock together. When plates jostle and scrape past each other earthquakes occur. On average, tectonic plates move very slowly about the same speed as your

14、 fingernails grow.But sometimes earthquakes rumble through portions of the landscape far from a plates edges. Although less expected, these “mid-plate” tremors can do substantial damage. Some of the biggest known examples rattled the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago. Today, scient

15、ists are still puzzling over why the quakes occurred and when similar ones might occur.16. Oklahoma is an area often experiencing natural disasters.A right B. wrong C. not mention 【答案】：B17 The earth quake is the most unpredictable natural disaster.A right B. wrong C. not mention 【答案】：C18. Few earthq

16、uakes happen without peoples awareness.A right B. wrong C. not mention 【答案】：B19. Seismometers can identify and locate most of the earthquakes in China.A right B. wrong C. not mention 【答案】：C20.Big earthquakes of a magnitude 8 or higher seldom happen far from the edges of tectonic plates.A right B. wr

17、ong C. not mention 【答案】：A21.Whenever tectonic plates move, earthquakes happen.A right B. wrong C. not mention 【答案】：B22. The earthquake that hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago is the biggest “mid-plate” one in history.A right B. wrong C. not mention 【答案】：C第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第2330

18、题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。Learn about Noble Gases(惰性气体)1. Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called h

19、elium. Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, people shifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases.2. People once believed that noble gases couldnt chemically react at all.

20、For this reason, they were called inert gases. They were also clustered under Group 0 in the old periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered.3. The gases a

21、re elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost col

22、umn of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular（分子的） weight while Radon is the heaviest.4. Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have “valence” electrons, w

23、hich are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is “unfilled” or the required number of electrons is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instan

24、ce, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be a few noble gases because of the inherent low chemical reactivity of these said gases.5. Because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. They

25、 are widely used in recreation, medicine and industries. For instance, Liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets（磁体）. These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects that a persons brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

26、 MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, without operating on the patient.23. Paragraph 2 【答案】：E24. Paragraph 3 【答案】：C25. Paragraph 4 【答案】：D26. Paragraph 5【答案】：AA. What are the applications of noble gases?B. How were noble gases discovered?C. What are noble gases?D. What cause the low chemical rea

27、ctivity of noble gases?E. How were noble gases understood in the past?F. What is the periodic table?27. Noble gases are not very chemically_.【答案】：F28. Among the elements of noble gases Helium is the_.【答案】：C29. The required number of electrons in noble gases outer shell is _.【答案】：B30. MRI may make op

28、erating on the patient _.【答案】：AA. unnecessary B. complete C. lightest D. important E. flammable F. reactive第四部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Active Gallery: The best of Bionics(仿生学)Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals posse

29、ss skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes(长颈鹿), which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day.We realized a long, long time ago that

30、nature provides the best blueprint(蓝图)for invention. Weve borrowed canals from beavers(河狸)and reflectors from cats eyes. Although the words “bionics” became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives（档案）dont go back to

31、 the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure

32、out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wrights pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spi

33、nning sycamore(梧桐) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter.Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic (简单抽象艺术) structure. On the other hand, Barney Connetts fish submarine (潜水艇) a

34、ctually looks like a fish.Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(蚂

35、蚱)-sounds shocking, doesnt it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.31. “cats”,”monkeys” and “giraffes” mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrateA. they are highly-evolved species as humans.B. humans can learn animalsskills.C. they are skillful in different ways.D. an

36、imals have skills that humans do not possess.【答案】：A32. Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery?A. History books.B. The Wright brotherssculpture.C. First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century.D. Leonardo da vincis bird-like flying machines【答案】：C33. What happened after

37、the Wright brotherssuccess?A. People carried out a systematic study on pigeons.B. People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane.C. People cound fly their airplane for fun.D. People kept their airplane at a French gallery.【答案】：D34. Which of the following in true about the research ca

38、rried out by the US Army?A. It has changed our life.B. It has cost a large sum of money.C. It has improved the abilities of tanks.D. It has not succeeded yet.【答案】：A35. What does the writer want to tell in the passage?A. Many inventions get ideas from nature.B. Some animals possess unique skills.C. P

39、eople should protect nature.D. Bionics is far from perfect.【答案】：A第二篇Gross National HappinessIn the last century， new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However， one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia， the kingdom of Bhutan remained se

40、parate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan， however， was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read， and they did not know much about the outside world. Then， in 1972， a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wan

41、gchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern， but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product（GNP）. The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increase

42、s people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased， the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier， he created a measure

43、 called Gross National Happiness（GNH）.GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and cus

44、toms. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost n

45、o pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had

46、 political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure

47、 happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works

48、 as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.36. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?A. A president.B. A buddist preist.C. A general.D. A king.【答案】：D37. Apart from moderizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?A. To make its populaton grow.B. To keep i

49、t separate from the world.C. To encourage its people to get rich.D. To keep its tradition and customs.【答案】：D38. A country shows its progress with GNP byA. selling more products.B. spending more money.C. spending less money.D. providing more jobs.【答案】：A39. According to GNH, people are happier if they

50、A. have new tecnology.B. can change their religion.C. have a good, stable government.D. have more money.【答案】：C40. Today, many countries areA. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.B. woking together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols

51、for social progress.D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.【答案】：D第三篇Life Form Found on Saturns Titan Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life on the Saturns moonThe discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency, NASA, analyzed data f

52、rom spacecraft Cassini, which pointed to the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturns biggest moon Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are breathing in Titans dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen. They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting

53、 Titans planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and riversThis, they say, points to the existence of some bugs consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth We suggested hydrogen consumption because its the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan, sim

54、ilar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth, says NASA scientist Chris McKay. If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life, it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth. To date, scientists have not yet detected this form o

55、f life anywhere, though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin (minus 290 degrees Fahrenheit), a methane-based organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medi

56、um for living processes, but not water itselfWater is frozen solid on Titans surface and much too cold to support life as we know it. Scientists had expected the Suns interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titans surfaceBut Cassini detected no acetylene on

57、 the surface. The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titans surface can very well have a non-biological explanation, said Mark Allen, a principal investigator of the NASA Titan team. Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological

58、 explanations are addressed. Allen saidWe have a lot of work to do to rule out possible non-biological explanationsIt is more likely that a chemical process, without biology, can explain these results.41. What do scientists claim to have found about Saturn?A. Water-based life on it.B. Methanebased life on i