2011届高考英语复习3年高考2年模拟1年高考系列专题07介词及介词短语(教师版

1、下载更多的英语模拟汇编：/article/catalog11/24746.html（共27份）3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品高考系列专题七 介词及介词短语【考点定位】 2011考纲解读和近几年考点分布高考研究介词是英语中比较活跃的词，中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in，out，up，down，on，off，to，from，for，over，with等。预测今后高考介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、

2、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点1 常见介词的活用by，with，against，over，on，in，at，besides，for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：1over可表位置，意为“在上方，越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在期间，(多年)以来”等，它还有“在(问题)上，对(某事)”等引申意义。如：Y0u cant wear a blue jacket over that shirtitII look terrible你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克太难看

3、了。We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。We heard it over the radio我们从广播中听到了它。2by的主要意思有“在旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：by and by不久，迟早 by and large大体上by oneself单独 by the way顺便说说by far得多，最 by chance碰巧by accident偶然地 by means of借助by no means绝不，一点也不 b

4、y mistake错误地The water in the river rose by two meters河水上涨了两米。He is an Englishman by birth他在血统上是英国人。3with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于”等意思。with还可用来表示原因。如：He turned red with anger他气得脸变红了。The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earths air从地球上观察太空存在一个

5、问题，就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。4beyond这个词同学们平时接触的机会不是太多，但它却是一个考查热点。beyond表示“(时间)过了，比晚，迟于；(位置)在那边，超出之外；(范围)超过，为所不及，超出的范围”等意思。如：They arrived beyond nine oclock他们过了9：00才到。The book is beyond me这本书我看不懂。Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。典例：(2010高考英语四川卷,5)Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back

6、 _ a big tree.A. in B. below C. beside D. against【答案】D【解析】考查介词。句意为：“累了，吉姆背倚着树，很快就睡着了。” against此处意为：“倚着，靠着”； below“在的下方”； beside“在的旁边”；in“在的里面或时间之后”。 考点2 介词的固定搭配-高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。1名词词组：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in ones opinion根据某人的看法；off time准时；out of reach够不着2动词词组：remind

7、sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人的；restdt from由引起；call at访问(某地)3形容词词组：be curious about对好奇；be proud of因而自豪；be popular with受到的欢迎4介词短语：apart from除Pb；in addition to除之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备；thanks to由于；in the middle of在中间；according to根据；in front of在前面；in

8、 return for作为对的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为的结果；in exchange for与交换等典例：(2010高考英语江西卷,34)Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name, not case number.A of B as C by D with【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的，而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。by name按姓名【三年高考】 08、09、10 高考试题及其解析2010高考英语试题1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,30)In anci

9、ent times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled_ the local market. A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as【答案】D【解析】本题考查介词词组。根据动词travel可判断此处应填关于路程的介词词组，本题即为as far as。as far as远到.2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,25)Sean has formed the habit of jogging_ the tree-lined a

10、venue for two hours every day.A. between B. along C. below D. with【答案】B【解析】考察介词的用法，根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿着”时，应该选B。3.(2010高考英语重庆卷,22)The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money _ me.A. byB. forC. in D. with【答案】D【解析】考查介词。I dont have enough money with me 意思是我没有随身带那么多钱。4.(2

11、010高考英语北京卷,29)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are _ everyones enjoyment. A. in B. at C. for D. to【答案】 C【解析】考察介词。句意为：“不要摘花园里的花好吗？它们是供大家欣赏的。”此处表示目的，“为了”的意思，故用介词for。5.(2010高考英语浙江卷,7)I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just _. Aby nature Bin ret

12、urn Cin case Dby chance 6.(2010高考英语天津卷,13)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.A. by B. on C. for D. against【答案】D【解析】考查介词。句意为：“我爸爸提醒我不要去西海岸因为那儿游客太多，十分拥挤。”warn sb against sth/ doing sth意为“警告/提醒某人不要做某事”，固定搭配，故选D。7.(2010高考英语四川卷,5)Tired, Jim was fast asleep

13、with his back _ a big tree.A. in B. below C. beside D. against【答案】D【解析】考查介词。句意为：“累了，吉姆背倚着树，很快就睡着了。” against此处意为：“倚着，靠着”； below“在的下方”； beside“在的旁边”；in“在的里面或时间之后”。8.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,25)Were planning to send out a thousand invitations _ Expovolunteers.Aover Bin Con Dto【答案】D【解析】考查介词。语意：我们打算送1 000张邀请函给世博会志

14、愿者。send sth to sb意为送某物给某人，据此选D项。9.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,31)I agree to his suggestion _ the condition that he drops all charges.A.by B.in C. on D. to 【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。语意为：我同意接受他的提议，条件是他撤销全部的诉讼。on condition that与连词if同义，表示“在条件下”，后接条件状语从句。根据语意选C项。10.(2010高考英语江西卷,34)Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name

15、, not case number.A of B as C by D with【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的，而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。by name按姓名11.(2010高考英语江西卷,29)We give dogs time, space and love we c an spare, and _, dogs give us their all.A in allB in factC in short D in return【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语。句意：我们抽出时间、空间和爱给予狗，而狗回报给我们的则是它们的全部。in all总共，in f

16、act实际上，in short简而言之，inreturn作为报答。12.(2010高考英语湖北卷,30)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money _ favors to them.A. in preference to B. in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for【答案】D.【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。句意为：公务员向别人索要礼物或金钱以换取对他们的好处的做法是非法的。D项in exchange for“交换，调换”在此与题意切合。A项

17、in preference to表示“优先于”；B项 in place of“代替，取代”；C项in agreement with“与一致，与相符”。13.(2010高考英语福建卷,27)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities _ space.A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of 【答案】 C【解析】考查介词短语。句意为：“因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。”A项意为“寻找”；B项意为“代替，替代”；C项意为“

18、缺乏，短缺”；D项意为“担心，害怕”。据句意可知，C项符合。2009高考英语试题1.（09福建）23. -How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space! -Its a challenge, I guess, man against nature. A. of B. for C. by D. about 【答案】A【解析】考查介词。应答句中的I guess是插入语，因此所填介词与challenge连用，表所属，用of，选A。2.（09湖北卷）29. Youd sound a lot more polite if you m

19、ake a request _ a question. A. in search of B. in the form of C. in need of D. in the direction of 【答案】B. 【解析】考查介词短语。此处意思是“以问题方式向对方提出请求显得更有礼貌”。in the form of 符合句意。in search of“寻找”，in need of“需要”，in the direction of“朝方向”。 3.（09湖北卷）30. His efforts to raise money for his program were _ because, no one

20、showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. A. in place B. in sight C. in effect D. in vain 【答案】D. 【解析】考查介词短语。根据下文no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets可知为集资做出的努力都白费了，应选择in vain。in place“和平地”，in sight“在视程内”，in effect“实际上”。 4.(09全国卷1)34. Everybody was touched _

21、words after they heard her moving story. A. beyond B. without C. of D. in 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词。beyond words表示“在言语之外”，即不能用言语来表达，也就是“无法形容”了。句意是“听到她的感人故事之后，他们感动得无法用语言来形容”。 5.(09山东卷) 33. It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _ easy reach. A. near B. upon C. within D. around 【答案】C【解析】句意：厨房中

22、把常用的物品放在够得着的地方能节省时间。本题考查介词搭配：within easy reach在容易达到的地方;在的附近。【考点定位】对复杂句式进行语法分析有助于做出正确选择。6.(09四川卷)6. A great person is always putting others interests _ his own.A. below B. above C. in D. on【答案】B【解析】考查介词的用法，put others interests above ones own意思是把别人的利益放在自己的利益至上。7.(09重庆卷)21. Try on this red skirt; you w

23、ill look great it. A. on B. by C. in D. for 【答案】C。 【解析】考查介词的用法。Sth. Be on sb. “衣服穿在某人身上”；sb be in sth”某人穿着什么衣服”。由此可知答案为:C。 8.(09陕西卷)8. He invited me to a dance after the show Christmas Eve. A. at B. on C. in D. by 【答案】B【解析】句意：圣诞前夜演出结束后，他要请我去参加一个晚会。此处时间具体到了某一天，所以选择B。【考点定位】考查介词在时间前的应用。2008高考英语试题1.（200

24、8福建，23）A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little men. A. under B. with C. on D. by【答案】D 【解析】考查介词的用法。by (表示方式)通过; 凭借。句意为：一位伟人通过他对待普通人的方式来展示出他的伟大。2.（2008湖北，30）30. When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might have_for her, but now all her worries are gone. （2008湖

25、北）A. in need B. in time C. in preparation D. in store【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语。in need需要；in time及时；in preparation在准备中；in store将要发生，就要出现，储备着。从句中的the future可知，应选择D。3.（2008湖南，27） -When did you last hear _ Jay? -He phoned me this morning, and we agreed_ a time and place to meet. A of, to B about, with C. from, wi

26、th D. from, on【答案】D【解析】考查介词与动词的搭配。第一个空是考查hear from“接到某人的来信”，第二个空考查agree on“在某方面达成一致意见”。 4.（2008辽宁，33）I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and the point. A. at B. on C. to D. of【答案】C 【解析】本题考查介词与名语构成的短语。to the point意思为“切中要点”。5（2008宁厦，24）Lets learn to use the problem we are facing a stepping-stone to

27、 future success. A. toB. forC. asD. by【答案】C【解析】本题句意为：让我们学习使用我们正面临的问题作为未来成功的奠基石。as “作为”，短语use.as.把当作。6.（2008全国2，15）Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here. A. with B. over C. at D. about【答案】D【解析】介词辨析。从题意来看，就选择“关于”，而四个选项中只有about有此义。【两年模拟】 09、10名校模拟题及其答案（2010年黑龙江省高考适

28、应性训练考试_英语）Ballet is not popular our city because most people think it is too expensive to take the classes.Ain Bwith CamongDon【解析】A考查介词。语意表示“芭蕾在我们市不太流行”，in表示“在地方”。此题考生会误选B和C项be popularwithamong sb表示”受欢迎”，介词后面接人。（宝鸡市2010年高三教学质量检测（二）英语）Some groups still have difficulties _ access _ social servicesAgai

29、n; in Bgaining; toCto gain; to Dgaining; of【解析】B考查非谓语动词和介词搭配。语意：一些群体仍然很难得到享受社会服务的权利。have difficultytrouble(in)doingsth干某事有困难”和access to sth“ (使用或见到的)机会、权利”都是固定用法。（东北三省三校2009届高三下学期第一次联合模拟考试yy）Barack Obama has taken personal blame _ the security failures which led _ the attempt to blow up a plane on C

30、hristmas Day. A. of; to B. for; to C. on; on D. in; on【解析】B 考查词语搭配。take blame for是固定搭配，意为“承担的责任”；lead to表示“导致”，是固定搭配。（山东省济南市2010届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语试题）-Going to work today, Brenda? -No. Its my day today.Aout Bin Caway Doff【解析】D考查介词辨析。语意：今天我休息。Its my day off，是固定用法。(福建省四地六校2010届高三第三次联考)Keeping hours does go

31、od to your . A、common, health B、regular, health C、familar, healthy D、usual, healthy ( 2010年安徽省“江南十校”高三联考英语试题)We know from their greetings how much they expect _ us. We wont let them down. A. of B. on C. for D. to【解析】A考查介词的用法。expect sth offrom sb是固定表达，表示“指望某人某事”，据此只有A项of合适，如果有from也是正确的。（上海市普通高等学校2010

32、届高三春季招生考试）Were planning to send out a thousand invitations Expovolunteers.Aover Bin Con DtoD【解析】考查介词。语意：我们打算送1 000张邀请函给世博会志愿者。send sth to sb意为送某物给某人，据此选D项。(陕西省宝鸡市2010届高三质量检测)Please keep me informed the changes of your address as soon as possible.Aof Bfor Cwith DbyA【解析】考查固定搭配中的介词。inform、sb of sth为固定结

33、构，意为通知某人某事，keep sb informed of sth也是一个固定结构，意为使某人知晓某件事情。语意：请尽快让我知道你地址的变动。（福建省厦门市2010届高三年级上学期质量检查）Quite a lot of students failed in the math examExactlyIt is _ their abilitiesAwithin Bover Cagainst DbeyondD【解析】考查介词。很多学生数学考试都没有通过，因此说数学试卷超出了他们的能力。beyond超过，符合语意。（浙江省温州市十校联合体2010届期末考试）I have no dreams _ to

34、 have a happy life. A. rather than B. more than C. other than D. less than C【解析】语意：除了快乐过一生，我别无梦想。rather than表示而不是；more than表示不仅仅远不止；other than表示除了；less than则表示少于根据语意可知，这里选C项。（2010年黑龙江省高考适应性训练考试_英语）How the loans are paid should be of little concern to the bank they are paid on time .Aas well as Bas s

35、oon asCas long as Das far as【解析】C考查词组辨析。语意：对银行而言，只要贷款准时还，至于如何还倒不重要。这里用as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句；as well as表示“也，同一样”；as soon as表示“-就”；as far as则表示“远达就而言”。根据语意选C项。(山东省潍坊市2010年高三年级质量监测)一How did you do in your essay?一I got an okay gradebut Mrs Jones gave Sarah Evanstop marks Aas well Bthough Cin general D

36、yetB【解析】语意：你的论文怎么样?我得到了好的等级，但Jones太太却给了Sarah Evanstop高分。as well也；though然而，还是，常放在句末；in general一般而言；yet还。(2009开封模拟) Finding a job in such a big company has always been_ his widest dreams.A.under B.over C.above D.beyond【答案】D【解析】考查介词。介词beyond的意思是“超出的范围”，beyond his wildest dreams的意思是远远超出了他的梦想，即是不可能的。(200

37、9黄冈模拟) I was_ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A.in B.to C.at D.on【答案】D【解析】考查介词。on the point of doing sth.是固定搭配，另外注意这个句子中并列连词when连接的固定句型：on the point of doing.when.,意思是“正要干这时”，这样的句型还有 be about to do.when.,was doing.when.。(2009广西模拟)A Chinese runner,Liu Xiang,rushed to the ending l

38、ine _a surprising speed.A.at B.by C.through D.with 【答案】A【解析】考查介词。at.speed是固定的介词搭配，意思是“以的速度”。【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析1、She took the boy _ the hand and led him _ the zoo.A. in; by B. on; at C. at; in D. by; round【解析】介词by与动词seize,take,hold,shake,lead等词连用，表示接触身体或者物体的某一部分。如:He seized me by the hand.另外，show/lead s

39、b.round sp.表示“带领某人参观某地”。【答案】D2、We must read not only between the lines,but sometimes_the lines so that we can fully understand the writer.A.within B.among C.besides D.beyond【答案】D【解析】考查介词。beyond the lines的意思是“字里行间”，即言外之意。3、Is your grandpa still with you?No.He still prefers to live in the small mounta

40、in village all its disadvantages.A.forB.except C.withD.to4、Sorry,Madam.Youd better come tomorrow because its the visiting hours.A.during B.atC.beyondD.before【解析】beyond表示超过(某一时间)，迟于；超出范围。本题含义为：你最好明天来，因为已经超过来访时间了。【答案】C5、The home improvements have taken what little there is my spare time.A.from B.in C.

41、of D.at【解析】这是一个宾语从句。have taken后接感叹句，其正常的语序是what little of my spare time there is,家庭环境的改善占去了我仅有的一点儿业余时间。【答案】C6、You cant wear a blue jacket _ that shirt.Itll look terrible.A. on B. above C. up D. over【解析】根据介词的基本意思，选项B表示“在上方”，暗含不接触；C项是副词，意思是“朝上”，应首先排除；选项A的意思是“在表面上”，暗含表面的某一个地方；而D项的意思是“在上面”，暗含覆盖。根据常识，外面的

42、衣服不是穿在衬衣上的某个地方，而是将整个衬衣覆盖。【答案】D评注:理清介词自身的词义及介词在表达前后语中的功能。7、People like to live in the village,which is free crowds and thieves.A.forB.of C.in D.by【解析】本句意思为“人们喜欢住在农村，那儿没有拥挤的人群和盗贼”。短语be free of/from相当于 without;safe from;untroubled by；没有；不受影响的；免于如：The old lady is never free from/of pain。那位老太太一直在承受痛苦。Mea

43、ls will be provided free of/from charge.膳食将免费供应。【答案】B8、None of them had expected that the middle aged engineer died hisdesign uncompleted.A.with B.from C.without D.of【解析】die from/of表示：“死于”，from/of表示死的原因。如：He died of caner.Some Africans died from hunger and thirst.Without为介词，表示“无，没有”。如：He died withou

44、t regret.with his design uncompleted为“with复合结构”，即：with+宾语+宾语补足语。在句中作状语，表示伴随。如：They left the room with the fire burning.他们离开了屋子，火还燃着。He died with a lot of work to be done.他死了，还有很多工作有待完成。【答案】A9、_the birthrate down by 10%,the number of the population has decreased.A.For B.With C.As D.By【答案】D 【解析】with+名

45、词或者代词+副词（down）,表示“随着”,在句中表示原因；而as也可表示“随着”,但它引导时间状语从句,不符合句子结构,故选B项。10、He thought the jar made of earth little value and let me have it only one dollar.A.with;forB.of;by C.of;for D.with;by11、People like to live in the village，which is free _ crowds and thieves.A. for B. of C. in D. by【答案】B【解析】本句意思为“人们

46、喜欢住在农村，那儿没有拥挤的人群和盗贼”。短语be free of/from相当于without/safe from/untroubled by,意为“没有，不受影响的，免于”。12、He thought the jar made of earth _ little value and let me have it only one dollar.A. with；for B. of；by C. of；for D. with；by【答案】C【解析】题干意为“他认为那个泥坛子没什么价值，以一美元的价格卖给了我”。第一个空白处的of后接抽象名词，相当于与名词同义的形容词，of value=valua

47、ble。第二个空白处的“for” 表示支付、价格或数量。如:I bought this book for $3./I paid $3 for this book.我花了三美元买了这本书。13、He got to the station early，_ missing his train.A.in case ofB.instead ofC.for fear ofD.in search of【解析】本题考查介词短语的用法。首先根据句子和短语的意思排除选项B、D；in case of意思为万一、若、如果，强调客观可能性；for fear of意为惟恐、担心，强调主观的担心。根据本句前后部分的意思，本题表示的应是主观的担心。本句意为：他一早就到了车站，惟恐错过火车。【答案】C14、“Dont go out _ the rain _ an umbrella,” mother shouted _ me.A. in; on; atB. under; with; toC. under; without; at D. in; without; to【答案】D【解析】表示在自然现象“雨中，雪中，雾中”，均用介词in，如:They were caught in