2011年5月份北京地区学位英语考试真题

1、2011年5月份北京地区学位英语考试真题1Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the correspond

2、ing letter on the Answer Sheet。Passage 1Questions I to 5 are based on the following passage:用手机贴近耳朵通话50分钟就足以改变离手机天线最近的脑细胞的活动。Spending 50 minutes with a cell phone close to your ear is enough to change brain cell activity in the part of the brain closest to the antenna(天线). 但是美国国家卫生研究所的科学家上个月在一个会议上说到

3、，这种变化是否有害尚不清楚，But whether that causes any harm is not clear, scientists at the National Institute of Health said at a conference last month, 并且补充说，这个研究不可能解决脑癌与手机之间是否有联系的担忧。 adding that the study will not likely settle concerns of a link between cell phones and brain cancer. “我们要说明的是，当人们处于手机磁场中时，靠近手机

4、天线的脑部细胞的葡萄糖代谢活动（一种脑部活动的迹象）会增加。” “What we showed is glucose (葡萄糖) metabolism(代谢)(a sign of brain activity) increases in the brain in people who were exposed to a cell phone in the area closest to the antenna,” 美国国家卫生研究所的科学家诺拉沃尔考说到。said Dr. Nora Volkow of the NIH, 她的这一研究发表在美国医学协会杂志上。whose study was pu

5、blished in the Journal of the American Medical Association. 这项研究的目的是检测大脑对无线手机信号产生的电磁场有何反应。 (76) The study was meant to examine how the brain reacts to electromagnetic fields caused by wireless phone signals。沃尔考说，手机发出的弱电磁辐射可能会影响大脑的活动，她对此感到很惊讶。Volkow said she was surprised that the weak electromagneti

6、c radiation(电磁辐射) from cell phones could affect brain activity, 但她说，研究结果并没有说明手机是否会引发癌症。but she said the findings do not shed any light on whether cell phones cause cancer. 研究绝没有表明这种结论， “This study does not in any way indicate that. 只是想证明大脑对手机产生的电磁辐射有敏感性。” What the study does is to show the human bra

7、in is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation from cell phone exposures。”20世纪80年代初期手机被投入市场以来， Use of the devices has increased dramatically since they were introduced in the early 1980s, 手机用户急剧增加，目前全世界使用的手机电话约有50亿部。with about 5 billion cell phones now in use worldwide。有的研究认为，手机的使用增加了患脑癌的风险，Some studi

8、es have linked cell phone exposure to an increased risk of brain cancers, 但世界卫生组织所进行的较大型研究尚未得出此结论。 but a large study by the World Health Organization did not offer a clear answer to this. 沃尔克研究小组对47名使用手机的人做了调查，对他们在通话50分钟的过程中进行大脑扫描，并与关闭手机的人进行对比。 Volkows team studied 47 people who had their brain exam

9、ined while a cell phone was turned on for 50 minutes and another while the phone was turned off. 研究人员发现，尽管大脑的新陈代谢没有完全发生变化， While there was no complete change in brain metabolism, 但电话接通时，靠近手机天线的大脑区域，细胞新陈代谢增加了7%。they found a 7 percent increase in brain metabolism in the region closest to the cell phon

10、e antenna when the phone was on。专家指出这一结果值得关注，但是强调在解释这一现象时需要特别谨慎。(77)Experts said the results were interesting, but urged that they be understood with great care. 美国华盛顿大学的亨利和在瑞典大学医院的约翰松哈德尔在JAMA中写到：“尽管手机辐射导致生物学意义上的葡萄糖代谢显著增加，但其结论仍需更深入的研究。 “ Although the biological significance, if any, of increased glu

11、cose metabolism from too much cell phone exposure is unknown, the results require further investigation,” Henry Lai of the University of Washington in the U.S. and Dr. Lennart Hardell of University Hospital in Sweden, wrote in an article in JAMA. 需要做很多的事情来深入探讨和理解其影响。”“Much has to be done to further

12、investigate and understand these effects。” They wrote。1.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?（There are about 5 billion cell phone users in the world right now.）2.Doctor Volkow was astonished because (she found that using a cell phone for about 50 minutes could influence or chang

13、e brain activity.)3.According to the passage, cell phones were launched （between 1980 and 1985.）4.What does the word “that” stand for in the second paragraph? (The fact that cell phone use may cause cancer.)5.Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?（Cell Phone Radiation: Is I

14、t Harmful?）Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:人类总是有能力同时做几件事情。Human beings have always had an ability to attend to several things at once. 使用电子产品同时进行多项任务也并非新现象：自从20世纪30年代车载收音机普及以来，我们就边开车边听收音机。(78) Nor is electronic multitasking entirely new: Weve been driving while listenin

15、g to car radios since they became popular in the 1930s. 但是，毫无疑问，在互联网时代，多任务处理已经达到了极速时代，but there is no doubt that multitasking has reached a kind of warp speed in the era of Web-enabled computers, 现在，人们早已习惯于同时开多个即时聊天窗口、又看电视又玩电脑。 when it has become routine to conduct several IM(及时通讯)conversations, wat

16、ch TV and use the computer all at once。但是这种媒介消费有何影响呢？But whats the impact of this media consumption? 这些多任务处理型的设备是如何改变孩子们的学习、思辨和与人交流的呢？And how are these multitasking devices changing how kids learn, reason and communicate with one another ? 社会科学家和教育者正在着手处理这些问题，Social scientists and educators are just

17、 beginning to deal with these questions, 而研究者们已经得出了一些强有力的观点。but the researchers already have some strong opinions。尽管多任务型的孩子可能会在某些方面更好地应对如今快节奏的工作环境，(79)Although multitasking kids may be better prepared in some ways for todays fast-paced work placed, 但是很多科学家确实对这一趋势感到震惊。Many scientists are positively a

18、larmed by the trend。习惯于一边即时聊天，一边做功课，一边玩网游，一边看电视的孩子们，长远来看，其发展并不会很好。 Kids that are instant messaging while doing homework, playing games online and watching TV, arent going to do well in the long run。从积极的方面看，On the positive side, 多任务型的学生更容易在发现和使用信息方面做得出色。multitasking students tend to be extraordinaril

19、y good at finding and using information. 而且可能由于现代的童年期往往以视觉媒体而非印刷媒体为中心，And probably because modern childhood centers around visual(视觉的)rather than print media, 他们更擅长分析视觉数据和图像。they are especially skilled at analyzing visual data and images。很多教育家和心理学家说到，父母需要确保青少年能够从无法控制的屏幕活动中解脱出来，花更多的时间与真实的人类朋友交流Many e

20、ducators and psychologists say parents need to actively ensure that their teenagers break free of uncontrollable engagement with screens and spend time in the physical company of human beings这事情越来越成为一个挑战了，不仅因为科技使人们能够过于方便地进行屏幕活动，而且还因为孩子们的日程过满，几乎没有时间进行传统的社交和家庭聚餐。实际上，很多青少年和大学生认为过多的日程安排迫使他们不得不同一时间处理多项事务

21、。a growing challenge not just because technology offers such a handy option but because so many teenagers and college students say overcommitted(任务过量的)schedules drives much of their multitasking。对于家长和教育者来说，教给孩子们偶尔减慢生活的速度，从媒介中走出来，花时间享受屏幕以外的生活，是非常重要、值得甚至是必须的Just as important is for parents and educato

22、r to teach kids that its valuable, even essential, to occasionally slow down, unplugs and take time to enjoy life beyond the screen。6. What is the main idea of this passage?(Whats the impact of multitasking on young people?)7. The expression “warp speed” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning

23、to (high speed.)8. According to some teenagers and college students ,what causes their multitasking? (Overcommitted schedules.)9. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE? (multitasking may prepare students for the reality of todays fast-paces work environment.)10. What do

24、educators and psychologist advise parents to do their multitasking kids? (To encourage their kids to have some social life.)Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:日本核电站去年三月发生的核能突发事件会导致欧洲国家对核电站做一次大范围的重新检测，这些国家正在建造类似的核电站或是正在考虑用核能源替代矿物燃料以应对气候变化。The nuclear power emergency at a J

25、apanese atomic power plant last March could lead to a major re-examination in European countries that are already building such plants or are considering a shift from fossil(化石) fuels to nuclear energy to fight climate change. 随着人们对25年前切尔贝利事件的记忆逐渐逝去， With the terrible accident 25 years ago in Cherno

26、byl(切尔诺贝利) beginning to fade in European Memories, 欧洲各国政府对应用核能源的态度越来越开放。governments across Europe have grown more open to using more nuclear power. 东欧国家对核能源尤为偏爱，Enthusiasm for nuclear power is particularly strong in Eastern Europe, 这些国家希望摆脱对俄罗斯的石油和天然气的依赖，which wants to move away from dependence on R

27、ussian oil and natural gas, 并想放弃环境污染严重的煤电厂。and on heavily polluting coal-fired power plants. 东欧政府有的已经开始改进现有的核电站，有的正在建造或是正准备建造新的核电站。Eastern governments have begun improving existing nuclear plants or are building or planning new ones. 但是当日本在努力控制处理核危机的时候，But as Japan struggled to deal with her nuclear

28、 crises, 关于核能源利弊的讨论变得开始激烈起来。discussion about the good and the bad of nuclear power became heated。在德国，核能一直是一个有争议的话题，该讨论已经争辩了数十年之久(80)In Germany, nuclear power has been a repeatedly argued and widely felt issue for decades。高达70%的德国人反对使用核能。 Up to 70 percent of Germans oppose nuclear power. 最近4万德国人在一个核电

29、站附近排成长队示威反对政府的核能政策。Recently about 40,000 people turned out to form a human chain near a nuclear plant to protest government policies on nuclear power. “日本的这次事故会引起欧洲国家对核能的深刻反思，”“The accident in Japan could lead to a major rethink in Europe,” 防核战争国际医师Henrik Paulitz说到，said Henrik Paulitz of the Interna

30、tional Doctors for the Prevention of Nuclear War. “政府对于核电站的安全等级的划分还不是很明确。”“Governments have not been quite open about the safety levels of the nuclear power plants。”总理安吉拉默克尔领导的是右派政府，支持使用核能。Chancellor(总理) Angela Merkel heads a center-right unity government that supports the use of nuclear power. 她的政府

31、最近做出了一项有争议的决定，把国内17个核电站的使用期限延长为平均12年。Her government recently made a disputed decision to extend the life of the countrys 17 nuclear power plants by an average of 12 years. 她现在面临着更改这项政策的压力。 She will now face more pressure the change that policy. 她和她的部长们召开了紧急会议。She called an emergency meeting with her

32、 senior ministers. “我们知道我们的核电站有多安全，”“We know how safe our plants are and that we do not face a threat from such a serious earthquake or violent tidal wave,” 会后，默克尔表示，“我们将会从日本事件中吸取教训。”Mrs. Merkel said after the meeting. “We will learn what we can from the events in Japan。”11. According to the passage

33、, which of the following about Europe is TRUE? (It is likely that they would rethink their nuclear power policies.)12. According to the passage, all the following statements about Eastern Europe are true EXCEPT (they have totally forgotten the Chernobyl accident 25 years ago.)13. In the second parag

34、raph, the author mainly discusses (German attitude towards nuclear power.)14. The word “heads” in the third paragraph can be best replaced by (leads ).15. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage? (Japans Nuclear Crisis Causes Fear in Europe.)Part II Vocabulary and Structure (

35、30%)Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.16. By no means （is this the first time she had lied）to her

36、 parents.17. You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder, （ or ）you wont pass the course.你已经两次考试不及格了，你最好努力学习，否则你讲不能通过考试。18. His children are well-behaved, （while ）those of his sisters are very naughty.19. How can you keep fit （if ）you smoke so much every day? 如果你每天抽很多烟，你如何保持健康？20. Th

37、e news has spread all over the country （that ） the spaceship succeeded in returning to the earth.全国都知道了这个新闻，宇宙飞船成功回到了地球。21. I didnt know your mobile phone number; otherwise I （wound have rung ） you the moment I got to Washington.我不知道你的电话号码，否则我一到华盛顿就会给你打电话的。22. As they are retired, Mr. and Mrs. Scott

38、 prefer a hours in the country to （spend ） their remaining years there.由于斯科特夫妇退休了，他们想要一个在乡下的房子，并在那里度过余生。23. （Brought up ） by this grandparents, Jimmy wasnt used to living with his parents.吉米是他祖父母带大的，不习惯和他的父母住在一起。24. Please remain （seated ）until the plane has come to a complete stop。请坐好，直到飞机完全停下25. W

39、hile watching television,（we heard the doorbell ring ）.26.（To be honest ）,the pay isnt attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.27. The robber had escaped and was nowhere to be found when the police （arrived ）.28. Professor Wilson keeps telling his students that the future （belo

40、ngs ） to the well-educated.29. This company is closing up, so lots of workers will be laid （off）.30. Just take it easy and （tell）us exactly what has happened.31. Some developed countries are trying to（cope with） the serious problems resulting from the energy crisis.32. He is such a man who is always

41、 （finding）fault with other people.33. After the retired from office, Rogers （took up）painting for a while, but soon lost interest.34.（In case of）fire, all exits must be kept clear.35.My parents will move back into town in a year or （so）.36. Dogs have a very good （sense）of smell and are often used to

42、 search for survivors in an earthquake.37. The house （in which）I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.38. Tom has already given up the（habit）of smoking for the sake of health.39. Stephen Bullon is the only man in the village （alive）today that has survived the war.40. As she

43、 entered the room she could see big bright lights hung from the （ceiling）.41. Those experiments have laid a solid foundation for his （further）research in material science.42. The weather forecast says it is going to clear（up）soon.43. He will come to call on you the moment he （finishes）his work.44. （

44、Having been given）such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?45.Previous （to）his departure, he addressed a letter to his.Part Identification (10%)Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D。 Identify the one that is not correct. Then blacken the

45、corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet。46. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy (that改成it)。47. I invited Joe and Linda as well as Tom to dinner, but (neither改成none) of them came。48. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting (though改成if) yo

46、u dont mind taking the night train。49. Why not stay at home (since that改成now that) the road is so slippery after the heavy snow？50. Look out! Dont get too close to the house (that改成whose) roof is under repair。51. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from (which

47、改成what) their parents speak at home。52. But for the help of my English teacher, I (would not win改成would have not won) the first prize in the English Writing Competition。53. Those brave army soldiers would rather die with their heads high than (lived改成live) with their knees bent。54. No sooner had Pro

48、fessor Smith begun to speak （when改成than） some noise arose from the audience。55. It is no good (try to改成trying) remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned。Part IV Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices ma

49、rked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet。The mysterious tiger has been a symbol of power and strength for centuries. Its power is a ( challenge） to hunters, ( who） have tried

50、to kill it to prove their own skill and ( bravery）.In India (throughout) the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, large parties of (sportsmen) from around the world (used to) go out on huge tiger hunts. Hundreds of tigers could be killed in a few weeks. As a (result) of this over-hunting, (comb

51、ined) with loss of habitat(栖息地)，the population of tigers in India dropped from about 40,000 (at) the turn of the twentieth century to about 2,000 by 1972.With the help of India and other concerned countries, the World Wildlife Fund (founded) Operation Tiger in 1972 to save the tiger (from) dying out

52、. Since then, seventeen tiger preserves(保护区)have been (set up) ,and the tiger population in India has risen to (between) 4,000 and 5,000.But when people live on the (edge) of the tiger preserves, tigers sometimes kill their farm animals and attack people about 600 people in India have been killed by

53、 tigers in the last dozen years. (Usually) tigers do not eat humans. But“old, wounded and homeless”tigers can become habitual(习惯的) man-eaters. In one area in India, villagers have (come up with) a clever solution. They wire lifelike human dummies(假人) to electricity (so that) the tigers get a(n) (ele

54、ctric) shock when they attack. It is hoped that in this way tigers will learn to (avoid) people. But the conflict between human and tiger (remains) .Only if people have enough food, shelter and fuel will the tiger survive in the long run. And only if the tiger and its forest survive will people have

55、 a natural world they can return to 。Part Translation (20%)Section A Directions:In this part, there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in the part of Reading Comprehension. You can refer back to the passage

56、s so as to identify their meanings in the context。76.The study was means to examine how the brain reacts to electromagnetic fields caused by wireless phone signals。研究意图检测大脑是如何对无线电信号引起的电磁场反应的。77.Experts said the results were interesting, but urged that they be understood with great care。专家指出这一结果值得关注，

57、但是在解释时需要特别谨慎。78.Nor is electronic multitasking entirely new: Weve been driving while listening to car radios since they became popular in the 1930s。电子操作的多任务处理也并不是全新的：自从十九世纪三十年代它们流行开始，我们就边开车边听音乐了。79.Although multitasking kids may be better prepared in some ways for todays fast-paced workplace, many s

58、cientists are positively alarmed by the trend。在如今的快节奏工作环境里，尽管能够多任务处理的孩子在某种程度上也许会准备的更好，但许多科学家的确被这种趋势震惊了。80.In Germany, nuclear power has been a repeatedly argued and widely felt issue for decades。在德国数十年来核武器已经被反复争论，并且引起广泛的讨论。Section BDirections: In this part there are five sentences in Chinese. You should translate them into English. Be sure to write clearly。81.最近发生在日本的地震改变了地球表面。The earthquake that recently happened in Japanhad changed the surface of earth。82.13岁以下的儿童应坐在后座。Children under the age of 13