四六级写作分析.ppt

1、写作模版及范文,1. 历年四级考题类型列表及四级命题趋势 2. 主要试题类型组织表 3. 试题类型模版及实例范文： 1) 题型要求 2) 历年考题出现频率 3) 写作模版 4) 范文,历年考题类型列表,四级作文命题趋势,从上表中可以看出，四级作文的题目都是与考生的日常生活息息相关的“生活学习”或“社会热点”问题，属于大众话题，具有普遍性，是考生比较容易发挥的题目，更注重的是考生的写作功底。2001年6月以后的考题基本上以“生活学习”为主题。 新的四级大纲要求考生不仅能写一般的描写性、叙述性、说明性的文章，还要求考生能写不同类型的应用文，其中包括私人和公务信函等，要求考生具有更高的英语语言实际运

2、用能力。近几年的题目概括为“命题提纲式”作文，体裁由原来的说明文附带议论成分变为议论文附带说明和描写成分，但题型上表现出有利于考生发挥的趋势,2003年后的作文大体以应用practical writing文为主。要求考生具有书面语言表达思想的能力，重点考查语言基本功。应注意有时一篇作文内可能同时考查数种能力和语体，考生应加强对描述型、说明型、议论型题材的综合运用能力。比如2004年6月作文A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction：欢迎词（口语），一天的日程安排（说明），描写景点（描述）。 未来的四级作文侧重充分考查考生分析问题、解决问题、判断事物

3、的抽象思维能力，感知、想象等形象思维能力以及灵活运用语言、清晰表达思想的语言驾驭能力。,四级作文命题趋势,back,主要试题类型组织表,back,试题类型模版及实例,一、现象解释型 1. 要求：主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论。 具体：描述社会生活中存在的一种现象，通常会要求考生对这种现象做出说明，同时表明该种现象反映的社会问题；进而会要求考生解释这种不良现象存在或发生的原因，较为常见的方式是要求在第二段对现象做细致的分析，表述现象发生的原因，或表述现象变化的原因；在第三段中，又往往要求考生针对现象做出评论，表明自己的态度、观点或做法，以及如何在日常生活中有效地实践以消除这种现象或

4、其不利方面。因为所有段落都围绕这种现象为核心展开，所以称之为现象解释型试题。,2. 考题频率：现象解释类作文在四级考试中出现频率最高，从1995年1月到2005年1月共21套题中，此类作文考了七次，分别是2003年9月The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (Got Injured)，2003年6月An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident，2003年1月It Pays to Be Honest，2002年6月Student Use of Computers，1998年1月Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Br

5、ing Good Luck?，1995年6月Advantage of a Job Interview和2005年12月Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?。 我们套用三个模版来分析一套真题。,现象解释型模板一,现象解释型四级真题(2003年1月),Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 wo

6、rds, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1) 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象 2) 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实,现象解释型真题范文（套用模版一）,现象解释型真题范文（套用模版一）,现象解释型模板二,现象解释型真题范文（套用模版二）,现象解释型真题范文（套用模版二）,现象解释型模板三,现象解释型真题范文（套用模版三）,现象解释型真题范文（套用模版三）,现象解释型叙事作文专用模板,现象解释型模拟题,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 min

7、utes to write a composition on the topic: College Students Job-hunting. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the chart and the outline (given in Chinese) below.,某大学毕业生当年就业情况一览表,1) 越来越多的毕业生体会到了找工作的压力 2) 大学生就业难的原因 3) 我的看法 提示： 第一步：结合提纲推断题意：毕业生难以找到工作，这种现象并不少见，原因在于 第二步：根据题目给出的

8、提纲可知文章应包含如下三项基本内容： (1)现象部分：随着大学的不断扩招，越来越多的毕业生体会到了找工作的压力 (2)解释部分：大学生就业难的原因有很多，如：高校扩招使得供过于求的问题更为突出，有些学生期望值过高，宁可呆在家里也不愿从事低薪工作，还有其他一些原因。 (3)表明作者的态度部分：我的看法,现象解释型范文(套模版一),现象解释型范文(套模版一),现象解释型范文(套模版二),现象解释型范文(套模版二),现象解释型范文(套模版三),现象解释型范文(套模版三),二、对比选择型 1. 要求：本题型要求考生比较两种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己对该问题或事物的态度（事观点），也就是做出选择。 2

9、. 考题频率：自1995年来，本对比选择型题共考5次，分别是2000年6月Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?, 1999年6月Reading Selectively of Extensively，1998年6月Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?，1996年6月Global Shortage of Fresh Water。2006年12月The Spring Festival Evening Get-Together,试题类型模版及实例,对比选择型模板一,对比选择型四级真题(2000年6月),Direct

10、ions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1) 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是 2) 也有人持不同意见 3) 我的看法和打算 Is A Test of Spoken Engli

11、sh Necessary? A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET).,对比选择型真题范文,对比选择型真题范文,对比选择型真题范文,对比选择型模板二,对比选择型真题范文,对比选择型真题范文,对比选择型真题范文,对比选择型模板三,对比选择型真题范文,对比选择型真题范文,对比选择型真题范文,对比选择型模拟题,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a co

12、mposition on the topic: Lectures and Discussions. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1) 一些学生赞成讲座式教学 2) 另一些学生偏爱讨论式教学 3) 我的看法,方法提示,第一步：结合提纲推断题意：试题要求考生对比分析讨论式教学与讲座式教学方法的优点与缺点，并陈述自己的看法。 第二步：根据题目给出的提纲可知文章应包含以下三项基本内容： 1) 一部分人的看法：一些人赞成讲座式

13、教学 2) 另一部分人的看法：另一些人偏爱讨论式教学 3) 作者的看法与做法：我的看法。,对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版一),对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版一),对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版二),对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版二),对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版三),对比选择型模拟范文题(套用模版三),2006.12四级作文题目： CCTV春节晚会是否应该开办？1、许多人喜欢看CCTV春节晚会； 2、但有的人认为应该取消； 3、你的看法,本次四级考试作文总体上来说并不是很难。但表现出两个出人意料：一是体裁，二是题材。对于体裁来说，本次四级作文属于正反对比论证类的文体。比较出人意料，又回到了老

14、的考查模式。对于题材，本次四级作文的话题是关于人们对于春节晚会的不同看法，属于社会生活类话题，一反常态，没有再次考查校园类话题。但是对于当代大学生来说，与大学生有关的社会话题也是需要关注的，这也说明考试方向的变化：校园类话题与社会热点话题同等重要,这一点对于未来考四级的学生的作文备考的方向有一定的指导意义。,对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版一),对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版一),对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版二),对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版二),对比选择型模拟题范文(套用模版三),对比选择型模拟范文题(套用模版三),三、问题解决型 1. 要求：本题型要求考生从描述文字/图表入手，解释试题文

15、字/图表反映出社会生活中存在的一个现实问题，指出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性；然后在第二段对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施；最后一段要求考生表明自己对待这一问题的态度、做法等。这种试题，因为所有的段落都以某个问题为核心展开，以提出问题分析问题解决问题为主线，所以称之为问题解决。这类作文包括图表式作文和提纲式作文，所以，引用数据要有典型性、解释原因要注意连贯性、解决问题要突出可行性。,试题类型模版及实例,2. 考题频率：1995年6月以来，问题解决型作文共考了四次，分别是： 2001年1月How to Succeed in a Job Interview? 2000年1月How

16、 I Finance My College Education? 1997年6月Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus 1996年1月The two-day Weekend。,问题解决型模板一,问题解决型四级真题(2001年1月),Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 wor

17、ds, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1) 面试在求职过程中的作用 2) 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是,问题解决型真题范文,问题解决型真题范文,问题解决型真题范文,问题解决型模板二,问题解决型真题范文,问题解决型真题范文,问题解决型真题范文,问题解决型模板三,问题解决型真题范文,问题解决型真题范文,问题解决型真题范文,问题解决型模拟题,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to wri

18、te a composition on the topic: Pollution from Cars. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1) 汽车是城市中空气污染的最主要原因 2) 我们对此应当采纳的措施有,方法提示,第一步：结合题目和提纲推断题意：试题要求考生分析汽车引起城市空气污染这一问题，要解决这一问题当然有很多种方法。 第二步：根据题目给出的提纲可知文章应包含以下三项基本内容 1) 问

19、题部分：随着汽车数量的增加，污染问题备受关注 2) 解决部分：治理污染的措施有：尽量少开汽车；改进引擎，减少污染，使用清洁的能源。 3) 表明作者的态度。,问题解决型模拟范文(套用模版一),问题解决型模拟范文( 套用模版一),问题解决型模拟范文(套用模板二),问题解决型模拟范文(套用模板二),问题解决型模拟题范文(套用模板三),问题解决型模拟题范文(套用模板三),四、观点论证型 1. 要求：本题型要求考生根据题目给出的论点，按照提纲的结构要求对其进行论证，然后表明自己的立场和看法。 首先提出论点或观点，作为全文的出发点；第二段要求考生针对这一观点举出具体的例子来论证，即我们说的论证法；第三段要

20、求考生表明自己的态度、做法，以及在日常生活中如何有效地实践这一观点。这种试题因为所有的段落都以某个观点为核心展开，所以我们称之为观点论证型试题。 2. 考题频率：自1995年至今共考两次，分别是1999年1月Dont Hesitate to Say “No” 和1997年1月Practice Makes Perfect。,试题类型模版及实例,观点论证型模板一,观点论证型四级真题(1999年1月),Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Dont Hesi

21、tate to Say “No”. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1) 别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说“不”； 2) 为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”； 3) 该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。,观点论证型真题范文(套用模板一),观点论证型真题范文(套用模板一),观点论证型真题范文(套用模板一),观点论证型模板二,观点论证型真题范文(套用模板二),观点论证型真题范文(套用模板二),观点论证型真题范文(套用模板

22、二),观点论证型模拟题,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Wealth and Happiness. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1) 每个人都想获得财富，财富似乎就是幸福 2) 其实世界上有许多东西是财富换不来的,方法提示,第一步：结合提纲推断寓意：世界上有许多东西是财

23、富换不来的，这是一个鲜明的观点。试题要求考生论证这一观点(金钱不完全等同于幸福)。 第二步：根据题目给出的提纲可知文章应包含以下三项甘基本内容 ： 1) 观点部分：金钱并不完全代表幸福，这是大家都明白的道理。但在现实生活中，金钱的确起到了很大的作用。很多人相信，金钱不是万能的，但没有钱是万万不能的。 2) 例证部分：其实世界上有许多东西是财富换不来的，如友谊。 3) 表明作者态度部分：幸福的构成因素很多，包括友谊、爱心、财富、健康、知识 等等。,观点论证型模拟题范文(套用模板一),观点论证型模拟题范文(套用模板一),观点论证型模拟范文(套用模板二),观点论证型模拟范文(套用模板二),五、应用文

24、 应用文，尤其是信函，也是四级作文涉及的题型之一。在这类题中，考生将读到一个特定的情景，然后在理解的基础上，给相关人士写一封短信，并在信中明确表达自己的原因，目的和愿望等。文章所涉及的情景大都与日常生活相贴近，只有这样大部分考生才有话可说。书信 的类型可能千变万化，如邀请信、申请信、求职信、推荐信、感谢信、道歉信、批评信、抱怨信等。然而万变不离其宗，只要掌握了英语书信的基本格式，并运用恰当的语气和词句，就一定能写出一篇好的书信。,试题类型模版及实例,建议信模板,建议信模板,批评,抱怨,投诉信模板,批评,抱怨,投诉信模板,日程安排解说词模板,日程安排解说词模板,应用文四级真题 (2004年6月)

25、,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines: Your role: a tour guide Your audience: a group of foreign tourists Your introduction should

26、include: 1) Some welcome words 2) The schedule for the day 3) A description of the place the tourists will be visiting (e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.) You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.,日程安排解说词范文,日程安排解说词模板,道歉信模板,道歉信模板,感谢信

27、模板,感谢信模板,求职信模板,求职信模板,求职推荐信模板,求职推荐信模板,求学申请信模板,求学申请信模板,求学申请信模板,求学推荐信模板,求学推荐信模板,邀请信模板,邀请信模板,竞选演说词模板,竞选演说词模板,应用文四级真题(2005年1月),Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at leas

28、t 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作 2. 如果当选，你将为本校同学做些什么,竞选演说词范文,竞选演说词信范文,竞选演说词范文,2006年6月作文 Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteaposterrecruitingvolunteers.YoushouldwriteatLeast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1校学生会将组织一

29、次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者2本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等3报名条件及联系方式 这次作文仍然是近几年常考的应用文体，但主体仍是考查说明文。 海报可以使用口语体。格式方面，海报不需要书信一样必须有称谓部分，但通常需要落款。,VolunteersNeeded Were writing this letter to recruit volunteers on summer vocation. And we do hope more students are willing to join us and enjoy this activity joyfully during the follow

30、ing month. It is necessary for us to show our plans and arrangements to you. Our plan is to set off next weekend, when the summer vacation officially begins. And our purpose is to serve the Olympic Games. The first stop is Nanjing, the world-renowned city for its beauty and mild temperature. Well ge

31、t there by train and stay there for 2 days, and then well head for Shanghai.,After a 3-day stay there, we will give the coaches there a hand so that the game can be held smoothly. As everybody knows, Shanghai is the busiest city in this game, where we will undertake a lot of work, so the stay there

32、will be about half a week. All together, our trip will last about three weeks. Those interested please contact me either through email () or phone call (12345678). We are waiting for you sincerely. StudentsAssociation,June17,2006 VolunteersNeeded You guys must have been tremendously tortured by the

33、endless exams, undoubtedly longing for a relaxing summer vacation. Have you ever considered spending a meaningful summer instead of idling it away as usual? Now you have a chance! The students Association is currently recruiting volunteers for an activity - Harmonious Community, aiming at broadening

34、 our vision and helping us explore the essence of harmony. This theme will be highlighted through a series of social work to be initiated in the neighborhood.,At the outset, we volunteers are going to visit the Special Education Center and specifically, with assigned tasks like teaching and so on. A

35、fterwards, we are going to take care of the seniors at the Home for the Aged. Then we will take part in the public activities in the community. Anyone who is enthusiastic and willing to dedicate your time to this activity is welcome. If interested, please sign up at the students Association. Or you

36、may email us at . Looking forward to your participation! StudentsAssociation,2007年6月英语四级考试真题,Part I Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Welcome to our club. You should write at least 120 words following the

37、 outline given bellow: 欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。 标题：Welcome to our club 书写提纲： 1. 表达你的欢迎； 2. 对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。 (说明：本题为欢迎辞，开头可参照“日程安排解说辞的模板”，并根据需要作一定修改。),Ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to English club! To begin with, my name is Lisa and I am looking forward to seeing you for long. Its my pleasure for me to express the

38、 most heartfelt welcome to all of you on behalf of our Club. Now I would like to briefly introduce my club to you since I want to leave the most wonderful for you to discover. Our club, organizing various activities regularly catering for the needs of participants, is well-known among many English l

39、earners. If you want to meet,native English speakers, please join us. If you want to speak English not only accurately but also fluently, please join us. If you want to discover the most attractive aspects in English, please join us. I do hope that you will enjoy your journey of English study with u

40、s. If you want to join the club, you can file a written application to our staff office or email us via . The deadline for entries is Sept. 25th. Come on, join us now! Thank you!,2007年12月大学英语四级真题,Part I Writing (30 minutes)What electives to choose1. 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3. 以你自己为例 （说明：本试

41、题属于说明性的文章，不属于问题解决型。无具体模板特套用。）,参考答案： What Electives toChoose Nowadays, more and more universities are opening more opportunities for their students to choose from various optional courses in their spare time. This is, in fact, not a new phenomenon, but presently, it is of different implications to th

42、e students who want to or need to improve themselves. There can be a great many different reasons for students to choose their optional courses. For example, some of them may choose some courses on practical skills so that it will be more likely for them to get a good job after their graduation, bec

43、ause nowadays companies are placing,emphasis on a candidates working experience. However, some others may choose to learn some courses, like literature, philosophy, etc., to broaden their view and find a different way of looking at things. And still some others may choose the electives just in that

44、they are interested in the courses. Personally, I prefer to choose courses which can enrich my knowledge of science and society, and even of ourselves as human beings; whether the courses can be of any practical uses does not make any big difference to me, beacause I think to learn is an interesting

45、 thing.,2008年6月英语四级真题,Part I Writing (30 minutes) 15% Recreational Activities 提纲1、娱乐活动多种多样2、娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3、作为大学生我的看法 （说明：本试题基本属于对比选择型，但不是典型的对比选择型，第一部分需要陈述娱乐活动都有哪些类型。因此在套用模板时需要灵活处理。第二部分可以将下列模板中的一二部分合起来用。第三部分视情况而定，如果两种观点不可调和，你倾向其中一个观点, 如果可以调和，也可以中和两种观点，灵活处理）,Recreational Activities,In peoples da

46、ily life, there are various recreational activities apart from studying or working ranging from Karaoke or dancing to computer games or sports games. (把模版的一二部分结合) Recently, we may hear quite different opinions about the benefits of recreational activities. Most people take it for granted that such a

47、ctivities are beneficial. However, others hold that they are harmful to us if undertaken inappropriately. A dominant idea is that recreational activities can help us not only build our body and mind but also improve our communication and understanding with friends,because most of these activities ar

48、e done with others. Nevertheless, the objectors think we should not spend too much time on singing, dancing or other games. They argue that with too many recreational activities, we might fail to concentrate on our duties such as studying our working, which in turn may lead to further consequences.

49、As to me, there are two sides for every coin. On the one hand，we should make full use of the benefits of recreational activities. On the other hand, recreational activities should be done within a certain limit to avoid its disadvantages. Therefore, we should keep a proper balance between recreation

50、 and studying or working life.,2008年12月英语四级真题,Part I Writing (30minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Disposable Plastic Bags 1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义,Disposable Plastic Bags,Nowadays we may find ourselves surrounded by a sea of disposable plastic bags. And recently the problems of using disposa

51、ble plastic bags have been brought into peoples focus. First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes irreversible harm to our environment. As these bags are not biodegradable可进行生物降解的, they are blocking the drainage system排水系统 and causing water pollution. Whats more, customers using disposa

52、ble plastic bags may think that they are of great convenience. But,what they dont quite realize is that there will be remarkable negative impact on our health. And sometimes careless disposal of these bags may even poison some innocent animals. In view of the severity of this issue, effective measur

53、es have been taken in our country. There has been a strict limit on the using of disposable plastic bags in supermarkets, which not only enhances peoples awareness on environmental protection but also cuts down the cost of the running of supermarkets.,Disposable Plastic Bags,These days we always fin

54、d ourselves surrounded by vast disposable plastic bags. And recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into peoples focus. First of all, using disposable plastic bags causes irreversible harm to our environment. These bags cause a chain of undesirable effects. Some of t

55、hem will block the drainage system and causing water pollution. Secondly, many people are often too busy to wash dirty,dishes and bags. As a result, they use disposable plastic bags instead, because they think its convenient and save a lot of time. I always see people carry food with plastic bags. W

56、hat they dont realize is that there will be remarkable negative impact on our health. And sometimes, if we throw those plastic products wherever we want, they may even poison some animals. In my view, the government needs to try every effective measure to protect the environment. There should be a s

57、trict law or regulations on the using of disposable plastic bags in supermarkets to enhance peoples awareness on environmental protection.,2009年6月英语四级写作,Part I Writing （30 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Free Admission to Museums.

58、 You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法 （说明：本试题基本属于问题解决型，但不是典型的问题解决型，第一部分需要陈述自己关于博物馆开放目的看法。因此在套用模板时需要灵活处理。第二部分可以套用模板，第三部分主要是陈述自己的观点，解决方法可以从简。）,Free Admission to Museums,（灵活处理）Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are admi

59、ssion-free to visitors home and abroad. The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as theres a growing awareness for the authorities regarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free access to this live database can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them. However, it will cause many serious social problems as well. Firstly, it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly impedes阻碍 the sustainable development of these organiz