主谓一致(高考复习完整版)

1、主谓一致一、概述：主谓一致的三个基本原则是：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。“语法一致”是指形式上的一致。即：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。“意义一致”是指有些主语形式上虽为单数，而意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数；同样有些主语形式上虽为复数，而意义上是单数，谓语动词用单数。“就近原则”是指谓语动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词或代词保持一致。二、主谓一致的几种情况：（一）并列结构作主语的情况：1、and连接并列成分作主语的情况：由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。如：He and I are teachers. Both he an

2、d I are teachers. and连接的两部分表示同一个人、事物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。常见结构有：a cart and house（一驾马车），a cup and saucer（一套杯碟），a needle and thread（针线），a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure, my house and home（我的家），cause and effect（因果），supply and demand（供求关系），pen and ink（笔墨），whisky and sod

3、a（威士忌和苏打，指一种酒），war and peace（战争与和平），a knife and fork（刀叉），fish and potato chips（鱼和炸土豆条），the bread and butter（面包与黄油），early to bed and early to rise（早睡早起）。如：A knife and fork is on the table.由and连接两个带the（a或物主代词）的单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；如果只有前一个名词带the（a或物主代词）时，谓语动词用单数。如：The teacher and the doctor are Chinese.

4、The teacher and doctor is a Chinese.这位教师兼医生是中国人。and前后均有each，every，no，many a等修饰可数名词单数，构成并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用单数。其中后一个限定词可以省略。如：No sound and (no) voice is heard. Each man and (each) woman is here.Many a teacher and (many a) student has seen the film.由“and连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Good and bad meat in t

5、he market are sold out.“不可数名词+and连接的后置并列修饰语”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Beer from the USA and Germany is much better than that from Britain.由and连接的第二个名词（短语）表示否定或带有状语时，谓语动词与第一个名词保持一致。如：The parents and not the son were missing. The teacher，and perhaps his students too，is likely to be present. what从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式用

6、复数；并列缩略式用单数。如：What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and do is my own affair. 注意这两句根据的是意义一致的原则：What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一致。What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。由and连接的两个疑问代词、不定式或动名词作主语时，根据主语表达的意义，确定谓语动词单复数形式（即意义一致原则）。如：Where and when to b

7、uild the house is not decided. When to have the meeting and who to hold the meeting are not decided yet. What caused the fire and how much the loss was are still unknown.2、“就近原则”：由并列连词or，nor, not onlybut also，notbut，eitheror，neithernor，whetheror等连接并列成分作主语，以及在there/here be句型中有并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应根据“就近原则”（在

8、疑问句或倒装句中也应该根据“就近原则”确定谓语动词的单复数）。如：Not only he but also I am a teacher. Not only I but also he is a teacher. Is not only he but also I a teacher？ One or two friends are coming this evening.3、“就前原则”：当主语后面接with，together/along with（跟一起），as well as（以及），as much as（与一样多），suchas, such as, besides/except/but（

9、除外），in addition to（除外），including（包括），like（如），rather than（而不是），without（没有），no less than（不少于），more than（多于），combined with（加上），accompanied by（由陪同），no less than等构成的短语修饰时，谓语动词仍与前面的主语保持一致（即“就前原则”）。如：I as well as they am ready to help you. Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. They ex

10、cept Jim are Chinese. （二）单一成分作主语的情况（一般情况下主语的人称和数决定谓语动词的单复数形式）。1、名词作主语的情况：形复义单的名词。这类名词有news，means（方法），works（工厂），plastics（塑料），politics（政治），mathematics（数学），economics（经济学），mechanics（力学），athletics（运动），electronics（电学），classics（古典文学），linguistics（语言学），statistics（统计学）等作主语时，谓语动词用单数；但当这类学科名词表示“具体的活动，学业，见解，原理，情

11、况”等时，谓语动词用复数。如：Politics is my weak subject. What are his politics？他的政见如何？形复义复的名词。这类名词有glasses，trousers/plants（裤子），shoes，socks，gloves，scissors，clothes，savings（储蓄金），belongings（财产），goods（货物），chopsticks，compasses（圆规）等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但当这些名词前带上了单位词pair，kind，type，sort，suit，series等时，谓语动词的数应与单位词保持一致。如：His trous

12、ers are new. This pair of trousers is new.集合名词作主语。有些集合名词作主语，谓语动词常常用复数。这类名词有people（人们），police（警察），cattle（牲口），oxen（牛）, folk（人们），youth（青年人），militia（民兵），poultry（家禽），the Greens（格林一家）等。但注意如果以上一些名词的意义发生变化时，其谓语动词不一定用复数形式。如：Poultry are used as food.（家禽常常用来当作食品） Poultry is a kind of meat.（禽肉是一种肉）某些集合名词作主语，如果当

13、作整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如果强调其中的各个个体或成员，谓语动词用复数。这类名词有family，class，group（小组），grade，team，army（军队），club（俱乐部），audience（听众），crew（全体人员），committee（委员会），company（公司），government（政府），union（联合会），enemy（敌人），majority（多数），population，staff（员工），public（公众），crowd（人群），party（政党），couple（夫妇），band（伙、团、队），cabinet（内阁），nation（国民）等。如：His

14、family is poor. His family are all watching TV.单复数同形的名词作主语。根据上下文及具体意思决定谓语动词的单复数形式（如果这些名词前有a，such a，this，that修饰时，谓语动词用单数；如有all，such，these，those修饰时，谓语动词用复数。）如sheep，deer，fish（鱼），means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），series（系列），swine（猪），aircraft（飞机、飞艇），bellows（风箱），crossroads（十字路口），headquarters（司令部、总部），Swiss（瑞

15、士人），Chinese，Japanese等。如： A sheep is（Several sheep are）over there. 专有名词（如书刊名、报纸、国名、山脉、海峡等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：The United Nations was founded in 1945.名词所有格表示“商店、工厂或住宅”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但指“店铺”时，一般当集合名词看待，谓语动词用复数。这类名词有the bakers（烤房，面包房），the barbers（理发店），the carpenters（木工房），the Greens（格林先生的家）等。如： The doctors is on

16、 the other side of the street. Smiths have a lot of things to sell.（史密斯的店铺里有许多东西卖。）名词化结构“the+形容词/过去分词/动词-ing”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数；但如果指“一个人”或“抽象的一类事物概念或品质”时，谓语动词用单数。这类词有the old，the young，the wounded，the dying等。如：The blind study in special schools. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.（美给我们大家以快乐。）某些以-ch

17、，-ese，-sh结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用表示“整个民族”，作主语时谓语动词用复数；但当它们表示“某种语言”时，谓语动词用单数。如：The Chinese are great. Chinese is very difficult for foreigners to learn.表示量的名词作主语，要根据其具体含义确定谓语动词的单复数形式。这类词有half（一半），（a）part（一部分），plenty（大量），the rest（其余的人或物），the following（下面的人或物）等。如：I have drunk some of the water and the rest

18、 is for you. The first two of the four books are very easy，but the rest are very difficult.2、代词作主语的情况：不定代词each，one，much，either，neither，another，the other（+单数名词），（a）little等作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Each of the students/Each student has a new book.注意当each位于复数主语后面作同位语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The students each have a new b

19、ook.复合不定代词someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，everyone，everybody，everything，no one，nobody，nothing作主语时，谓语动词用单数。注意：表示人的复合不定代词作主语，变反意疑问句时常常用复数代词；表示物的复合不定代词作主语，变反意疑问句时常常用单数代词。如：Someone wants to see you，dont they？ Everything is ready，isnt it？不定代词many，（a）few，several，both等作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数。如

20、：Both（of the books）are interesting.不定代词all，none，any，some，more，most，a lot（of），lots of等作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词应根据其指代或修饰的名词的数确定单复数形式。如：None of us has seen the film.（我们中没有一个人看过这部电影。） None of us have seen the film.（我们所有的人都没有看过这部电影。）疑问代词who，whose，which，what等作主语时，谓语动词应根据说话人的意图确定单复数。如：Who are todays topics？ Who live

21、s next door？Its Jim. 指示代词such，the same，bellow，the following等作主语时，谓语动词应根据其内容（表语）确定单复数。如：Such is life. Such are his words.关系代词that，which，who等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。注意：“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”型定语从句，复数名词是先行词，故定语从句的谓语动词用复数；但是，如果one前有this，that，the，the very，the only等修饰时，one是先行词，故定语从句的谓语动词用单数。如：Th

22、ose who want to go please sign your name here. He was one of the boys who were praised. He was the only one of the boys who was praised.名词性物主代词作主语时，谓语动词应根据其指代的内容确定单复数。如：Your Party is a great party，ours（Our Party）is also a great party. Your shoes are black，mine（my shoes）are white. 3、数词作主语：“四则运算”的数词作主

23、语时，谓语动词通常用单数（若是“加法”或“乘法”，谓语动词也可以用复数）。如：Two and three is/are five. Twelve divided by three is four. 注意：当提问加、减、乘、除时，如用how much，谓语动词多用单数；如用how many，谓语动词多用复数。如：How much is four times two？ How many are two times five？“分数和百分数”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词应根据of后的名词确定单复数。如：Only 20 percent/Two fifths of the books are worth

24、 reading.表示“时间、距离、价格、金额、长度、重量、量度、温度”等的数词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式；但侧重于“若干单位”时，谓语动词用复数。如：Twenty years isnt a long time. Two thousand pounds is a large sum. Twenty years have passed since he left.（他离开已经二十个年头了）当主语被表示“单位、度量”的短语修饰时，谓语动词由表示“度量”的名词的单复数确定。这类短语有a kind of，a sort of，a type of，a pair of，a ton of，a cup of

25、，a meter of，a bottle of，a handful of（一把），a glass of，a piece of，a box of，a form of，a quantity of等。如：Here is a pair of shoes. Three million tons of coal exported every year.当主语被以下短语修饰时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词的单复数决定。这类短语有plenty of，a lot of/lots of，half of，most of，the rest of，the remainder（剩余的，剩下的），some of，a h

26、eap of/heaps of（许多的、大量的）。如：Lots of money is needed. Lots of people are waiting outside.几种特殊结构：The number of +复数名词+单数谓语 The number of the students in our class is 65. A number of +复数名词+复数谓语 A number of the students are League members.Numbers of +复数名词+复数谓语 Numbers of the students are League members.Ma

27、ny a +单数名词+单数谓语 Many a good friend of mine has been to Beijing. A good（great）many +复数名词+复数谓语 A good many students are present at the meeting.A/An +单数名词+or two +单数谓语 A day or two is enough. One or two +复数名词+复数谓语 One or two persons arent enough.A/An +单数名词+and a half +单数谓语 A year and a half has passed.

28、 One and a half +复数名词+复数/单数谓语 One and a half years have/has passed.More than one +复数谓语 There are some boys there，more than one are Chinese.More than one +单数名词+单数谓语 More than one person was absent. More +复数名词+than one +复数谓语 More students than one have been there.More than two（three）+复数名词+复数谓语 More th

29、an ten students have attended the concert.The amount of +不可数名词+单数谓语 The amount of money is wasted. （Large）amounts of +不可数名词+复数谓语 Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. The quantity of +不可数名词/复数名词+单数谓语 The quantity of paper/books is needed.（Large quantities of +不可数名词/复数名词+复数谓语 Large quantit

30、ies of paper/books are needed.A variety of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语 There was a variety of opinion.A variety of +单数名词 + 单数谓语 A great variety of flowers were shown in the exhibition.The variety of + 复数名词 + 单数谓 The variety of goods suggests that they are wealthy.Varieties of + 单数名词/复数名词 + 复数谓语 There are varietie

31、s of flowers/water.This kind of book is worth reading.This kind of men is dangerous.An average of + 复数名词 + 复数谓语 An average of 3 students are absent each day.The average of + 复数名词 + 单数谓语 The average of the students age is 18.9.注意：由kind, form, type, sort, species, portion, series of等修饰主语时，谓语动词常取决于这些词的

32、单复数。如：This new type of buses is now on show. Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting. All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.注意: men of this kind和these kind of men作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Men of this kind/These kind of men are dangerous. 4、其他情况：两个主语，一个表肯定，一个表否定，谓语动词与肯定主语一致。如：The parents，not

33、 his son，were missing.表示前后照应的词组，如the above，the below，the former，the latter，the following，such等，应根据其所指对象（即表语）决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如无上下文且无法根据表语判断时，则可以当作集合名词看待。如：The above is（are）the most important fact（facts）.what引导的主语从句，谓语动词多用单数。但从句中有含复数意义的并列结构时，或“表语是复数名词时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。如：What we need is time. What we need are/

34、is books. What you say and think is/are no business of mine.单个的动名词（短语）或不定式（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。两个以上的动名词（短语）或不定式（短语）作并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：To say something is one thing，to do it is another.Going fishing and going skating are her favorite sports. (5) 当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，应注意定语从句的谓语动词应与前面的先行词保持数的一致。尤其注意如下结构：one of/not

35、 the only one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 复数谓语动词；the only one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 单数谓语动词。如：He gave me five yuan that/which isnt enough for me. He gave me two apples that/which are enough for me.He is one of the students who/that have passed the examination.He is the only one of the students who/that has passed the examination.附：特殊名词作主语时，谓语动词的判定1、常常当复数名词处理的有：vegetables，works（工厂），games，cards，peopl