非谓语动词 (2)

1、非谓语动词一、学习目标：了解非谓语动词的各种形式以及它们的基本用法。 二、学习要点：非谓语动词的基本形式以及基本用法动名词的完成式、被动式与过去分词的用法不定式的进行式、完成式与被动式的用法三、课程精讲：（一）重点知识讲解1、非谓语动词的基本形式：不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词，过去分词）特点：不能作谓语，无人称变化和单复数变化，但有时态和语态的变化。否定形式：2.非谓语动词的句法功能具有哪些词的部分特征可作哪些句子成分名词形容词副词主宾表定状补不定式动名词现在分词过去分词3. 不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1) 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is a

2、llowed here. (抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体)(2) 动名词作主语时，通常用来表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语作主语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting. (经验)To climb mountains this weekend is what Im expecting. (未发生)(3) 不定式作主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

3、4. 分词作表语分词作表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词作表语，一种是过去分词作表语。interesting令人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的练习1) pleasing_ pleased_surprising_ surprised_worrying_ worried_2) Travelling is _but _. 旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。3) They were very _ at the news. 听到这个消息，他们非常激动。5. 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语决心学会想希

4、望，拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。6. 下列动词只能用动名词作宾语建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。练习：1) We agreed _(meet) here tomorrow morning.2) I can hardly imagine Peter _(sail ) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.7. 不定式和分词作状语（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词表示的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主

5、动关系。He went out shutting the door behind him.2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.(2) 动词不定式和分词作状语的区别分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式作状语常表示目的。They stood by the roadside talking about the plan. (伴随)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan. (目的) 形

6、式与主语关系与谓语动词关系to do主谓/ 主动关系将要发生doing主谓/ 主动关系同时发生或基本同时发生done动宾/ 被动关系动作已完成练习1) He got up early _(catch) the first bus.2) _(cross) the street, you should be careful.3) The teacher came into the classroom, _(follow) by some students.（二）解题方法总结1. 有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1）forget/ remember to do sth. 忘记/记得要去做

7、某事（此事未做）forget/ remember doing sth. 忘记/记得做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2）stop to do sth. 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事3) regret to do sth. 对要做的事遗憾（未做）regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔（已做）4）try to do sth. 努力、企图做某事try doing sth. 试验、试一试某种办法5) mean to do 打算，有意要mean doing意味着6）go on to do sth. 继而（去做另外一件事情）go on

8、doing sth. 继续（原先没有做完的事情）练习1) She didnt remember _(meet) him before.2) Weve always regretted _(sell) the house.3) I mean _(leave) for Beijing tomorrow.2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语，主要表示动作的完成和状态，相当于一个形容词。Our classroom is very crowded.被动语态的过去分词，动作意味强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常接by。Our classroom is crowded by a number o

9、f students.3. 非谓语动词的形式变化不定式（to do）动名词（doing）现在分词（doing）主动被动主动被动主动被动一般式to doto be donedoingbeing donedoingbeing done完成式to have doneto have been donehaving donehaving been donehaving donehaving been done I am glad to visit the Great Wall. I am glad to have visited the Great Wall.The meeting held yeste

10、rday was important.The meeting being held now is important.The meeting to be held next Friday will be important. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.总结各种形式所表达的含义：（三）即学即练1. _(sleep) late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.2. One learns a language by making mistakes

11、 and _(correct) them.3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _(tell) everything.4. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _(pay) by the hour.5. He sent me an e-mail, _(hope) to get some information.6. When _(complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.（四）高考链接1. _ in th

12、e fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked2. _ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited3. The trees _ in the storm ha

13、ve been moved off the road.A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down4. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete5. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we

14、can.A. speakB. speakingC. spokenD. to speak6. He was busy writing a story, only _ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A. to stopB. stoppingC. to have stoppedD. having stopped【同步练习】（答题时间：25分钟）1. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making

15、 herself heard D. to make herself heard2. The man insisted _ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding3. The old man, _ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked4. Yo

16、u were silly not _ your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked5. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.A. run B. running C. being run D. to run6. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being intr

17、oduced7. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _ out of the window.A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked8. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take9. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom sudden

18、ly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited10. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M.A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known11. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party.A. get changed B. get change