Gender Issues in Agriculture Statistics.ppt

1、1,Gender Issues in Agriculture Statistics,Tashkent, 11-15 July 2005,2,Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO),Global mandate to be source for agricultural statistics UN mandate as a focal point for rural women World Census on Agriculture Framework Assist countries by providing definitions, concepts

2、, standards and guidelines Advice on conducting agricultural censuses Collect and disseminate statistics (FAOSTAT),3,FAO Agricultural Census Items,Total number and area of agricultural holdings Number and area of holdings classified by size of area of holding Fragmentation of holdings into separate

3、parcels Legal status of the holder Land tenure of holdings Area of holdings by tenure of land operated,4,FAO Agricultural Census Items,Members of holders household, including holder, by sex Employment in agriculture Land use Temporary crops (on arable land) Permanent crops Livestock,5,Analysing Gend

4、er Relations,Ask basic questions to arrive at an understanding of the structure and dynamics of the rural farm household or agricultural holding:,Who does what? Who owns what? Who has access to/controls what (i.e., which productive assets)? Who knows what? Who benefits? Who should be included in dev

5、elopment programmes (and how)?,6,Table 1. FAO Proposed Core Set of Gender-Sensitive Indicators from Agricultural Census Data,7,Main Sources of Agricultural Statistics,Agricultural censuses Linked surveys Population and housing censuses Administrative records Other general surveys,8,Gender-related ag

6、ricultural statistics: problems,Cash crop production determines the minimum size for measured agricultural holdings In population surveys and censuses, the participation of women in agriculture is largely underreported Concept of land holder Biases in collection,9,Common Biases,Typical causes of err

7、or include.,10,Inadequate Definitions and Concepts,Fail to reflect gender differentiations accurately Definitions include: Head of agricultural holding Economic activity,11,FAO Definition of Holder,Holder: “a civil or juridical person who makes major decisions regarding resource use and exercises ma

8、nagement control over the agricultural holding operation. The holder has technical and economic responsibility for the holding and may undertake all responsibilities directly, or delegate responsibilities related to day-to-day work management to a hired manager.”,12,Erroneous Wording of Questions,Ma

9、ny women not recorded due to badly worded question Example: work construed only as remunerated activity = women not listed as workers of agricultural holding,13,ILO Definition of Paid and Unpaid Work,Paid,Unpaid,Economically active,Production of services Outside SNA,Production of goods Inside SNA,14

10、,Selecting the Wrong Respondent,Example: male respondents may report women who are actually working on a agricultural holding as being economically inactive,15,Using the Wrong Interviewer,Interviewers can introduce biases and personal values in the way they formulate questions Can be the result of :

11、 Own prejudices Insufficient training Simple carelessness,16,Communication Problems,Respondents might fail to understand content/language of questionnaire Interviewers may establish poor rapport through verbal (inappropriate language) or non-verbal (body language) channels,17,Obscuring the Truth,Res

12、pondents deliberately give the wrong answer: To meet social norm Fearful of consequences of response Example (African): man deliberately denies that wife works with oxen due to social taboo,18,FAO suggested actions,Collect data about individuals rather than entities (farm or holding) Use ILO definit

13、ion of economic activity Make subsistence agriculture more visible Promote the measurement of secondary activities,19,FAO suggested actions,Ensure that agricultural holdings are identified through the households concerned Improve linkages between the population census and the agricultural census Develop standard criteria to determine the minimum size of holdings covered Ensure that multiple holdin