上海市光明中学2020学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）

上海市光明中学2020学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）. Grammar and Vocabulary（30分）SectionA（10分）Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1._ caused the accident has not been found out yet.A. WhatB. WhichC. The thingD. That【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查主语从句。句意：造成事故的原因还没有查明。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，应该用what引导，故A项正确。2. She found her calculator _ she lost it.A. whereB. whenC. in whichD. that【答案】A【解析】略3.I have no doubt _ hell come to our help if we call him.A. whetherB. ifC. thatD. when【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：如果我们打电话给他，我相信他一定会来帮助我们的。分析句子结构可知此处为同位语从句，从句结构完整，用that只起引导作用，不作任何成分，补充说明doubt的内容，故C项正确。4.Boys, please dont talk about such things _ you dont understand at all.A. thatB. asC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孩子们，请不要谈论你们根本不懂的事情。分析句子结构可知本句为定语从句，先行词things前有such修饰，用关系代词as引导这个定语从句，故B项正确。【点睛】本题很容易误选A项，构成suchthat句型，但that引导的是结果状语从句，显然逻辑不通顺，实际上本题考查的是定语中的一个特殊用法：当先行词前面有such, so, as many, as much等修饰的时候，后面的关系代词使用as，本题中先行词前有such修饰，关系代词as指代先行词在从句中作understand的宾语。5.He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted me on the shoulder.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. until【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查固定句式。句意：他正要告诉我这个秘密，这时有人拍了我的肩膀。be about to do when表示“正要做这时（突然）发生某事”，故C项正确。6. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think isB. which I think it isC. which I think itD. I think is【答案】A【解析】7.A farmer claimed _ a rare South China tiger in the wild with a digital camera last year, but it turned out to be a dishonest trick.A. to photographB. photographingC. to have photographedD. having photographed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位农民声称去年曾用数码相机拍摄过一只罕见的野生华南虎，但事实证明这是一个不诚实的诡计。claim to do表示“声称做某事”，photograph这一动作发生在claimed之前，所以用不定式的完成式作宾语，故C项正确。8.My father thinks I am not capable _ my own living, but I mean _ him that he is wrong.A. to earn, to showB. of earning, showingC. of earning, to showD. in earning, to show【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我父亲认为我没有能力养活自己，但我想让他知道他错了。be capable of doing表示“有能力做某事”，mean to do表示“打算做”，故C项正确。9.Mr. Smith arrived at the office every morning at precisely ten oclock, _ his bat on a peg near the door and went his way to his desk.A. hangingB. hangedC. hungD. and hanged【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：史密斯先生每天上午10点准时到达办公室，把他的球拍挂在门边的钉子上，然后走向他的办公桌。and连接三个并列的动作，此处与arrived和went一致用一般过去时，hang表示“悬挂”时，过去式为hung，故C项正确。【点睛】hang这个词的过去式和过去分词有两种，注意区别：当用来表示“悬挂”的时候，过去式和过去分词是hung,hung；当用来表示“绞死”的时候，过去式和过去分词是hanged, hanged。10.By the time we _, a waiter had come over to our table with a smile.A. seatedB. sittingC. sat ourselvesD. were seated【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：当我们坐下来的时候，一个服务员微笑着走到我们的桌旁。此处为句子的谓语，seat是不及物动词，be seated=seat oneself，表示“坐下”，故D项正确。SectionB（10分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Happiness Is an AttitudeThe 92-year-old confident and proud lady, who is fully dressed each morning by eight oclock, with her hair fashionably combed and makeup perfectly applied, moved to a_11_(nurse) home today.Her husband of 70 years recently passed away, _12_ (make) the move necessary.After many hours of waiting patiently in the hall of the nursing home, she _13_ (smile) sweetly when told her room was ready. As she got into the elevator _14_ her wheelchair, I provided a description of her tiny room.“I love it,” she started with the enthusiasm of _15_ eight-year-old child having just been presented with a new dog.“Mrs. Jones, you havent seen the room.just wait.”“That has _16_ to do with it,” she replied. “Happiness is something you decide on ahead of time. _17_ I like my room or not doesnt depend on how the furniture is arrangedits _18_ I arrange my mind. I already decided to love it. Its a decision I make every morning when I wake up. I have a choice; I can spend the day in bed _19_ (recount) the difficulty I have with the parts of my body _20_ no longer work or get out of bed and be thankful for the ones working. Each day is a gift, and as long as my eyes open, Ill focus on the new day and all the happy memories Ive stored away just for this time in my life.”【答案】11. nursing12. making 13. smiled14. in 15. an16. nothing17. Whether18. how 19. recounting20. which/that【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个92岁的老太太搬进养老院的故事以及她对生活的态度。【11题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这位92岁老太太自信而骄傲，每天早上8点就穿戴整齐，梳着时髦的发型，化着完美的妆容，今天她搬进了养老院。nursing home表示“养老院”，故填nursing。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与她一同走过70个岁月的丈夫新近去世，使搬到养老院成为必然之举。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果，故填making。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：在疗养院的大厅里耐心地等了好几个小时之后，当被告知她的房间已经准备好时，她甜甜地笑了。事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故填smiled。【14题详解】考查介词。句意：当她坐着轮椅进入电梯时，我描述了她的小房间。表示“坐在轮椅上”用介词in，故填in。【15题详解】考查冠词。句意：“我喜欢它，”她像一个8岁孩子刚得到一条狗一样充满了热情。此处泛指一个8岁的孩子，eight-year-old以元音音素开头，故填an。【16题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：那与此事无关。have nothing to do with表示“与无关”，故填nothing。【17题详解】考查主语从句。句意：我是否喜欢我的房间并不取决于家具如何摆放。此处为主语从句，根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故填Whether。【18题详解】考查表语从句。句意：而是取决于我怎么想。此处为表语从句，句中缺少方式状语，故填how。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我可以花一整天的时间躺在床上反复计算我身体不听使唤造成的困难。spend time doing表示“花时间做某事”，故填recounting。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意参考上题解析，先行词为the parts of my body，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which/that。SectionC（10分）Directions; Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United States. He became a_21_ voice in the year before the Civil War.A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) _22_Douglasss birth and Black History Month with reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a_23_ site in Washington. D.C. The two-story house, which contains many of Douglasss personal possessions, had undergone a three-year _24_. (Thanks to the NTS website, however, you dont have to live in the nations capital to visit it. Take a tour online.)He was born in Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a white father who never knew Douglass grew uo to become the first black _25_ to hold a government office- as US minister and consul general （总领事）to Haiti.As a youth, he never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so he _26_ taught himself to read and write. At 21 years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massachusetts and changed his last name to Douglass, to hide his identity.In the 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system _27_ up by antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian border. It became an important station on the _28_, housing as many as 11 runaway slaves at a time.He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass _29_ the end of slavery in 1865 and the adoption of the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution （美国宪法修正案）, which _30_ African-Americans the right to vote.【答案】21. J 22. A23. C 24. I25. E 26. D27. B 28. G29. K 30. F【解析】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了黑人领袖弗雷德里克道格拉斯的生平和贡献。【21题详解】考查形容词。句意：他在内战前一年成为了一个主要的声音。修饰名词voice用形容词，表示“主要的”，故填J【22题详解】考查动词。句意：几周前，国家公园管理局为了纪念道格拉斯的出生和黑人历史月，重新开放了他位于华盛顿雪松山的家，这是一处华盛顿地区的历史遗迹。此处缺少及物动词作谓语，表示“纪念”，故填A。【23题详解】考查形容词。句意同上，a historic site表示“历史遗迹”，故填C。【24题详解】考查名词。句意：这栋两层楼高的房子里存放着道格拉斯的许多私人物品，经历了三年的修缮。作动词undergone的宾语用名词，表示“修缮、复原”，故填I。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：他从不知道道格拉斯长大后成为第一位担任政府公职的黑人公民。此处缺少名词作表语，表示“公民”，故填E。【26题详解】考查副词。句意：在南方，教育奴隶是非法的，所以他偷偷地自学读写。修饰动词taught用副词，表示“偷偷地”，故填D。【27题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：19世纪50年代，道格拉斯参与了“地下铁路”运动，该运动由反奴隶制团体发起，目的是将逃跑的奴隶带到北方和加拿大。set up 表示 “建立、发起”，the system 与set up之间是动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词做后置定语，故填B。【28题详解】考查名词。句意：它成了这条路线上的一个重要站点，一次可以容纳多达11名逃跑的奴隶。on the route表示“在路上、在某一路线”，故填G。【29题详解】考查动词。句意：在道格拉斯的一生中，他见证了1865年奴隶制的终结以及美国宪法第15条修正案的通过，该修正案赋予非裔美国人投票权。此处用动词作谓语，表示“见证”，故填K。【30题详解】考查动词。句意同上，此处用动词作谓语，表示“合法地（授予）”，故填F。. Reading Comprehension（30分）SectionA（15分）Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.President Obamas second Inaugural Address used soaring language to stress Americas commitment to the dream of equality of opportunity: We are true to our belief that a little girl born into _31_ knows that she has the same chance to succeed as anybody else, because she is an American.The gap between ideal and reality could hardly be _32_ . Today, the United States has less equality of opportunity than almost any other advanced industrial country. Study after study has _33_ the myth that America is a land of opportunity. A way of looking at equality of opportunity is to as to what extent the life chances of a child are _34_ the education and income of his parents. Is it just as likely that a child of poor or poorly educated parents gets a good education and rises to the middle class as someone born to middle-class parents with college degrees? Even in a more democratic society. the answer would be no.How do we explain this? Some of it has to do with discrimination （歧视）. Latinos and African-Americans still get paid less than whites, and women still get paid less than men, _35_ they recently surpassed （超越）men in the number of advanced degrees they obtain. Discrimination, however, is only a small part of the _36_. Probably the most important reason for _37_ of equality of opportunity is education. After World War, we made a major effort to _38_ higher education to Americans across the country. But then we changed, in several ways. While racial segregation（种族隔离）decreased, economic segregation increased. After 1980, the poor grew poorer, the middle stagnated（停滞不前）, and the top did better and better. A result was a widening gap in educational performance the _39_ gap between rich and poor kids born in 2001 was 30 to 40 percent larger than it was for those born 25 years earlier, a Stanford sociologist found. Of course, there are other forces _40_ . Children in rich families get more exposure to reading. Their families can afford enriching experiences like music lessons and summer camp. They get better nutrition and health care, which enhance their learning, directly and indirectly.Now Americans are coming to realize that without extensive policy changes, their long cherished belief is only a myth. It is unreasonable that a rich country like the United States has made _41_ to higher education so difficult for those at the bottom and middle. There are many _42_ ways of providing chances for more to receive higher education, from Australias income-contingent loan program to the near-free system of universities in Europe. A more educated population produces greater innovation, and a booming economy. Those benefits are why weve long been _43_ to free public education through 12th grade. But while a 12th-grade education might have been enough a century ago, it isnt today. Yet we havent _44_ our system to contemporary realities.The steps Ive outlined are not just affordable but necessary. Even more important, though, is that we cannot afford to let our country drift farther from _45_ that the vast majority of Americans share. We will never fully succeed in achieving Mr. Obamas vision of a poor girls having exactly the same opportunities as a wealthy girl. But we could do much, much better, and must not rest until we do.31. A. prejudiceB. inferiorC. povertyD. minority32. A. narrowerB. widerC. severerD. closer33. A. conductedB. concludedC. excludedD. exposed34. A. distinct fromB. feasible byC. superior toD. dependent on35. A. even thoughB. as thoughC. only ifD. as if36. A. photographB. pictureC. atmosphereD. condition37. A. lackB. leakC. explosionD. extinction38. A. exhibitB. exploreC. extendD. exploit39. A. contributionB. satisfactionC. achievementD. ambition40. A. at playB. under controlC. in useD. on show41. A. devotionB. familiarityC. applicationD. access42. A. imaginativeB. alternativeC. sensitiveD. productive43. A. admittedB. permittedC. devotedD. limited44. A. abandonedB. adjustedC. alteredD. applied45. A. memoriesB. gloryC. realityD. ideals【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. C 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，由前美国总统奥巴马在第二次就职演讲中强调美国对机会平等的理想的承诺入手，指出了美国机会不平等的现象很严峻，并分析了造成这一情况的原因。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们坚信，一个出生在贫困家庭小女孩知道她和其他人一样有成功的机会。A. prejudice偏见；B. inferior下级；C. poverty 贫困；D. minority少数。奥巴马在第二次就职演讲中强调美国对机会平等的理想的承诺，也就是说出身贫困的人也和别人一样有成功的机会，故C项正确。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：理想与现实之间的差距简直无法缩小。A. narrower更窄的；B. wider更宽的；C. severer更严峻的；D. closer更近的。根据本空后的“Today, the United States has less equality of opportunity than almost any other advanced industrial country.”可知，今天，美国的机会平等程度几乎低于任何其他发达工业国家，这说明理想与现实之间的差距没有缩小，故A项正确。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项又一项研究揭露了美国是一片充满机遇的土地是不真实的。A. conducted实施；B. concluded 推断；C. excluded 排除；D. exposed揭露、使显露。根据本空后的“the myth that America is a land of opportunity.”可知，一项又一项研究揭露了真相，故D项正确。【34题详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：看待机会平等的一种方法是看一个孩子的生活在多大程度上依赖于他父母的教育和收入。A. distinct from与不同；B. feasible by可行的；C. superior to优于；D. dependent on依赖于。根据本空后介绍的父母的教育和收入对孩子的生活的影响可知，要看一个孩子的生活在多大程度上依赖于他父母的教育和收入，故D项正确。35题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然女性获得的高等学历数量超过了男性，但她们的薪酬仍然低于男性。A. even though即使、虽然；B. as though好像；C. only if只有；D. as if好像。尽管女性比男性的学历高，但她们的薪酬仍然低于男性，前后是让步关系，故A项正确。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，歧视只是这种情况的一小部分原因。A. photograph照片；B. picture图画；C. atmosphere 气氛；D. condition情况。此处指前面提到的女性的薪酬低于男性这一情况，故D项正确。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏机会平等最重要的原因可能是教育。A. lack缺乏；B. leak泄露；C. explosion爆炸；D. extinction灭绝。上文讨论的是美国缺乏机会平等这一问题，故A项正确。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二次世界大战后，我们做出重大努力，把高等教育推广到全国各地。A. exhibit 展览；B. explore探索；C. extend扩大、推广；D. exploit开采。根据本空后的“higher education to Americans across the country.”可知，我们努力把高等教育推广到全国各地，故C项正确。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其结果是教育成绩的差距越来越大2001年出生的富裕家庭和贫困家庭的孩子之间的成就差距比25年前出生的孩子要大30%到40%。A. contribution贡献；B. satisfaction满意；C. achievement成就；D. ambition抱负。结果是教育成绩的差距越来越大，所以孩子取得的成就差距也越来越大，故C项正确。【40题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：当然，还有其他力量（因素）在起作用。A. at play 起作用；B. under control 在控制之下；C. in use在使用中；D. on show展出。空后说富裕家庭的孩子更多地接触到阅读，他们的家庭可以负担得起丰富的体验，他们还能得到更好的营养和保健，这些都是起作用的因素，故A项正确。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：像美国这样的富裕国家让底层和中层的人很难接受高等教育，这是不合理的。A. devotion奉献；B. familiarity精通；C. application应用；D. access进入、使用权。上文说美国的教育存在机会不平等现象，底层和中层的人很难接受高等教育，have access to表示“使用、接近”，故D项正确。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有许多其他的途径为更多的人提供接受高等教育的机会。A. imaginative虚构的；B. alternative供选择的、替代的； C. sensitive敏感的；D. productive多产的。根据本空后的“from Australias income-contingent loan program to the near-free system of universities in Europe.”可知，从澳大利亚的收入挂钩贷款计划到欧洲近乎免费的大学体系，有很多别的途径可以为更多的人提供接受高等教育的机会，故B项正确。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些好处就是为什么我们一直致力于1到12年级的免费公共教育。A. admitted承认； B. permitted许可；C. devoted献身； D. limited限制。根据本空后的“to free public education through 12th grade.”可知，我们一直致力于1到12年级的免费公共教育，be devoted to表示“致力于”，故C项正确。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们还没有做出调整使我们的制度适应当前实际。A. abandoned放弃；B. adjusted调整；C. altered改变；D. applied应用。空前说1到12年级的免费公共教育如今已经远远不够了，但我们还没有做出调整使我们的制度适应当前实际，故B项正确。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，更重要的是，我们不能让我们的国家离大多数美国人所共有的理想越来越远。A. memories回忆；B. glory 光荣；C. reality现实； D. ideals理想。根据文章开头的“the dream of equality of opportunity”可知此处指机会平等的理想，第二段第一句中的“ideal”也是提示，故D项正确。【点睛】议论文完形填空最后一空的难度较大，这类文体通常都会首尾呼应，因此抓住文章第一句话是关键，例如本篇第15空，根据文章第一句话“President Obamas second Inaugural Address used soaring language to stress Americas commitment to the dream of equality of opportunity”可知，文章由前美国总统奥巴马在第二次就职演讲中强调美国对机会平等的理想的承诺入手，指出了美国机会不平等的现象很严峻，并分析了造成这一情况的原因，因此本空要对应前面的dream。SectionB（11分）Directions: Read the following four passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual - the sort of environment in which he is raised. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never get to the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was brought up by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was brought up in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.46. This selection can best be titled_.A. Measuring Your Intelligence